scholarly journals US MSA PCPI Trends: Evidence on Convergence and Divergence

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. p42
Author(s):  
Louis H. Amato ◽  
John E. Connaughton ◽  
Caroline Swartz
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
State Level ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Opposite Result ◽  
Income Distributions ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
State Income ◽  
Convergence And Divergence

Recent literature suggests that whether you observe state level convergence or divergence in PCPI depends largely on whether period beginning or ending quintile income groupings are used. The prior literature demonstrates that state income distributions based upon 1969 quintiles indicate PCPI convergence, while 2012 quintiles generate the opposite result. Evidence presented in this paper confirms similar patterns through 2017 confirming that previous results are more than recession driven anomalies. We also find considerable variability within MSA rankings over the 1969-2017 time period, a finding which suggests that MSA income performance is considerably more complex than superstar city paradigms would predict.

Reproducibility of cardiac output measurements in the dog

1959 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles D. Howell ◽  
Steven M. Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Cardiac Output Measurements

Studies were performed on dogs to determine the constancy of the cardiac output during a 4-hour period beginning from the moment the animal was anesthetized. The cardiac output fell to varying quantities during the first hour but finally became stabilized at approximately 50–75% of the values obtained within the first 2–3 minutes following induction. Considerable variability in this response among different animals was noted. Similar studies on other animals, beginning approximately 1 hour following induction, indicated a similar pattern, i.e. that relatively stable cardiac outputs could be anticipated after this time period. Submitted on July 16, 1958

scholarly journals Drift-corrected trends and periodic variations in MIPAS IMK/IAA ozone measurements

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 2571-2589 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Eckert ◽  
T. von Clarmann ◽  
M. Kiefer ◽  
G. P. Stiller ◽  
S. Lossow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Michelson Interferometer ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Tropical Tropopause ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Ozone Trends ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. Drifts, trends and periodic variations were calculated from monthly zonally averaged ozone profiles. The ozone profiles were derived from level-1b data of the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) by means of the scientific level-2 processor run by the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK). All trend and drift analyses were performed using a multilinear parametric trend model which includes a linear term, several harmonics with period lengths from 3 to 24 months and the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). Drifts at 2-sigma significance level were mainly negative for ozone relative to Aura MLS and Odin OSIRIS and negative or near zero for most of the comparisons to lidar measurements. Lidar stations used here include those at Hohenpeissenberg (47.8° N, 11.0° E), Lauder (45.0° S, 169.7° E), Mauna Loa (19.5° N, 155.6° W), Observatoire Haute Provence (43.9° N, 5.7° E) and Table Mountain (34.4° N, 117.7° W). Drifts against the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) were found to be mostly insignificant. The assessed MIPAS ozone trends cover the time period of July 2002 to April 2012 and range from −0.56 ppmv decade−1 to +0.48 ppmv decade−1 (−0.52 ppmv decade−1 to +0.47 ppmv decade−1 when displayed on pressure coordinates) depending on altitude/pressure and latitude. From the empirical drift analyses we conclude that the real ozone trends might be slightly more positive/less negative than those calculated from the MIPAS data, by conceding the possibility of MIPAS having a very small (approximately within −0.3 ppmv decade−1) negative drift for ozone. This leads to drift-corrected trends of −0.41 ppmv decade−1 to +0.55 ppmv decade−1 (−0.38 ppmv decade−1 to +0.53 ppmv decade−1 when displayed on pressure coordinates) for the time period covered by MIPAS Envisat measurements, with very few negative and large areas of positive trends at mid-latitudes for both hemispheres around and above 30 km (~10 hPa). Negative trends are found in the tropics around 25 and 35 km (~25 and 5 hPa), while an area of positive trends is located right above the tropical tropopause. These findings are in good agreement with the recent literature. Differences of the trends compared with the recent literature could be explained by a possible shift of the subtropical mixing barriers. Results for the altitude–latitude distribution of amplitudes of the quasi-biennial, annual and the semi-annual oscillation are overall in very good agreement with recent findings.

Charcot Arthropathy of the Diabetic Foot. Current Concepts and Review of 36 Cases

2002 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.-K. Pakarinen ◽  
H.-J. Laine ◽  
S. E. Honkonen ◽  
J. Peltonen ◽  
H. Oksala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Diagnostic Delay ◽  
Patient Records ◽  
Charcot Foot ◽  
Charcot Arthropathy ◽  
Triple Arthrodesis ◽  
Charcot Neuroarthropathy ◽  
Cast Immobilisation ◽  
Tibiocalcaneal Arthrodesis ◽  
Time Period

Background and Aims: The incidence of diabetic Charcot neuroarthropathy has increased. The purpose here was to study the current diagnostics and treatment of the Charcot foot. Materials and Methods: During a time period from 1994 to 2000, a total of 36 feet were diagnosed as cases of diabetic Charcot neuroarthropathies. A retrospective analysis of patient records and radiographs was undertaken. A review of the recent literature is presented. Results: 29 cases were diagnosed in the dissolution stage, 2 in coalascence, and 5 in the resolution stage. The diagnostic delay averaged 29 weeks. Treatment with cast immobilisation ranged from 4 to 37 weeks (mean 11 weeks). A total of 14 surgical procedures were carried out on 10 patients: six exostectomies, four midfoot arthrodeses, one triple arthrodesis, one tibiocalcaneal arthrodesis and two below-knee amputations. radiological fusion was achieved in two thirds of the attempted arthrodeses. Conclusions: A physician should always consider the Charcot neuroarthropathy when a diabetic patient has an inflamed foot. In the absence of fever, elevated CRP or ESR, infection is a highly unlikely diagnosis, and a Charcot process should primarily be considered. The initial treatment of an inflamed Charcot foot consists in sufficiently long non-weightbearing with a cast, which should start immediately after the diagnosis. The prerequisites of successful reconstructive surgery are correct timing, adequate fixation and a long postoperative non-weightbearing period. In the resolution stage most Charcot foot patients need custom-molded footwear.

Evaluating English Learner Reclassification Policy Effects Across Districts

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 255S-278S ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Cimpian ◽  
Karen D. Thompson ◽  
Martha B. Makowski
Keyword(s):  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Developmentally Appropriate ◽  
State Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
English Learner ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Policy Effects ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Regression Discontinuity Designs ◽  
Robust Evidence

Effectively educating the large English learner population requires policymakers to ensure developmentally appropriate settings and services throughout the time students are learning English, as well as during their transition to fluent English proficient status—a process termed reclassification. Using longitudinal student-level data from two U.S. states ( N = 107,549), the authors implemented recent advances in multi-site regression discontinuity designs to assess the effects of reclassification policies across districts. They found that reclassification decisions are heavily influenced by state criteria; however, there is considerable variability across districts in the extent of state-level influence. The authors also found robust evidence of between-district heterogeneity in the effects of reclassification on subsequent achievement and graduation. They discuss the implications of these findings for reclassification policies and future research on the topic. Looking toward the next century of education research, the authors discuss ways that multi-site regression discontinuity designs can be combined with qualitative research to enable policymakers and practitioners to better understand variation in effects of policies across contexts as well as the mechanisms underlying those effects.

Aan het Nederlands lijkt best wat te knutselen

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-395
Author(s):  
Marten van der Meulen ◽  
Nicoline van der Sijs
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Large Body ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Time Period ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Linguistic Level

Abstract The influence of prescriptivism on DutchWeerman (2003) unequivocally rejected the possibility for language to be malleable. At the time, there was little empirical research to challenge or support this claim. Over the last two decades, however, a fairly large body of research has delved into this issue. In light of this, we review some of Weerman’s views, and discuss new findings of the recent literature, both for Dutch and other languages. We show how new methods and insights have led to a re-evaluation of the effects of prescriptivism. We furthermore argue that, rather than categorically dismissing effects of prescriptivism, researchers should focus on case studies with different parameters, including linguistic level, prohibition strength and time period.

Convergence and Divergence of Regional Income Distributions and Welfare

1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Bishop ◽  
John P. Formby ◽  
Paul D. Thistle
Keyword(s):  
Regional Income ◽  
Income Distributions ◽  
Convergence And Divergence

The Relative Influence of European Writers on Late Eighteenth-Century American Political Thought

1984 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald S. Lutz
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Citation Count ◽  
Relative Influence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
American Political Thought ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Surrogate Measure

Drawing upon a comprehensive list of political writings by Americans published between 1760 and 1805, the study uses a citation count drawn from these 916 items as a surrogate measure of the relative influence of European writers upon American political thought during the era. Contrary to the general tendencies in the recent literature, the results here indicate that there was no one European writer, or one tradition of writers, that dominated American political thought. There is evidence for moving beyond the Whig-Enlightenment dichotomy as the basis for textual analysis, and for expanding the set of individual European authors considered to have had an important effect on American thinking. Montesquieu, Blackstone, and Hume are most in need of upgrading in this regard. The patterns of influence apparently varied over the time period from 1760 to 1805, and future research on the relative influence of European thinkers must be more sensitive to this possibility.

Paradoxes of Dual Nationality: Geopolitical Constraints on Multiple Citizenship in the Iranian Diaspora

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-554
Author(s):  
Amy Malek
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Dual Citizenship ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Dual Nationality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Iranian Diaspora

Despite suggestions that multiple citizenships offer enhanced access to security, mobility, and rights, dual nationals of countries like Iran may instead experience greater insecurity, immobility, and disruption of rights. This article offers a brief overview of recent literature and controversies surrounding dual citizenship and then focuses on the Iranian case, demonstrating the limits of dual citizenship as felt by diasporic Iranians. The winds of geopolitical change may affect which nation's dual citizens will be targeted in a given time period, but the impact of geopolitical constraints must be considered in any explanations of the costs and benefits of dual citizenship.

scholarly journals Defining Relatedness in Studies of Transmission of Antimicrobial-Resistant Organisms Variability in Definitions across Studies and Impact of Different Approaches on Study Conclusions

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Greenblatt ◽  
Jennifer H. Han ◽  
Irving Nachamkin ◽  
Pam Tolomeo ◽  
Ebbing Lautenbach
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Database Analysis ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Included Patient

Objective.Comparison of studies evaluating patient-to-patient transmission of organisms is difficult, given the lack of standardized criteria. We used fluoroquinolone-resistantEscherichia coli(FQREC) as a model to characterize variability in definitions of relatedness across studies and to evaluate the resultant impact on study conclusions.Design.Narrative review and cohort study.Methods.The narrative review compared relatedness criteria across studies of FQREC. Additionally, an existing database was used to compare relatedness of isolates on the basis of molecular criteria alone versus molecular plus clinical criteria with different temporal cutoffs (hospitalization overlap of ≥1 day or allowance for nonoverlap of hospitalization dates of ≤7 days or ≤30 days).Results.Forty-six articles met narrative review inclusion criteria. Sixteen studies exclusively utilized molecular criteria to define relatedness. Thirty studies included molecular and clinical criteria. Of these, 6 included temporal data (ie, time period of isolate identification), 10 included patient location, and 14 included proximity and temporal criteria. For the database analysis, 353 patients were colonized with FQREC. There were 2 main clusters containing 48 and 17 related isolates within 49 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types. Among the clusters, 18.4% of isolates were related by molecular criteria. Incorporating clinical criteria, fewer isolates were considered related: 5.7% of isolates using 30-day criteria, 3.1% using 7-day criteria, and 1.4% using 1-day overlap.Conclusions.There is considerable variability in definitions of relatedness of FQREC. Utilizing molecular criteria alone to define relatedness overestimates transmission compared with definitions including clinical criteria. Standard definitions of relatedness in studies of antimicrobial-resistant organisms are needed.

The Long History of “Truth in Lending”

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-271
Author(s):  
Anne Fleming
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Price Competition ◽  
State Level ◽  
Mandatory Disclosure ◽  
World War ◽  
Time Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Disclosure Rules ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Comprehensive History

Abstract:This article offers the first comprehensive history of the development of mandatory disclosure rules for the cost of consumer credit. In contrast to prior studies, which begin with the creation of federal disclosure rules in 1968, this story starts with state-level laws that were drafted before World War I. By looking back over a longer time period, it reveals the challenges involved in defining “truth” in lending, and how the perceived purpose of a regulatory technique like mandatory disclosure may change over time. Although the modern APR disclosure metric has come to seem natural and inevitable, history shows that lenders and policymakers once hotly debated the design of disclosure rules, with each faction claiming the mantle of “truth.” Moreover, policymakers did not always view disclosure as a means to increase price competition, obviating the need for direct price controls. Disclosure was once a complement to usury laws, rather than a substitute.

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