lncRNA VASH1-AS1/miR-199a-5p/PDCD4 Axis Regulate Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Cell Cycle in PDAC Progress

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant tumor with clinical characterized by short course, rapid progression and rapid deterioration. At present, the studies on the regulatory factors of PDAC are not enough.Methods: In this study, we applied transcriptome sequencing with PDAC tumor and normal tissues (5cases). Expression of miR-199a-5p was detected by qPCR in another 10 pairs of cancer and normal tissues. The miR-199a-5p mimic, miR-199a-5p mimic NC, miR-199a-5p inhibitor, and miR-199a-5p inhibitor NC were used to detect the function of miR-199a-5p in cell lines. Construction of double luciferase reporter vector of VASH1-AS1 and PDCD4 were used to confirm the binding of miR-199a-5p and 3’- UTR of human PDCD4 mRNA and VASH1-AS1, respectively. PDCD4 protein expression was detected by Western Blot. The cell apoptosis assay was performed using the Annexin V-FITC Kit. Cell proliferation was detected using CCK-8assay and EdU fluorescence analysis. Cell cycle and apoptosis analyzed by flow cytometry at excitation and emission wavelengths of 488 and 530 nm, respectively. SPSS software (version 22.0; SPSS, Chicago, USA) and GraphPad Prism 5.0 (GraphPad software, San Diego, California, USA) were used for data analysis.Results: After data preprocessing, differentially expressed lncRNAs (606 up-regulated, 875 down-regulated), miRNAs (171 up-regulated, 188 down-regulated) and genes (4129 up-regulated, 3417 down-regulated) were identified. With dada analysis, a new VASH1-AS1/miR-199a-5p/PDCD4 regulation mode was discovered. In PDAC, the expression level of miR-199a-5p is negatively correlated with VASH1-AS1, and the further binding was performed between miR-199a-5p and PDCD4. The overexpression of miR-199a-5p can promote the proliferation and cycle of tumor cells, inhibit cell apoptosis. If the expression of miR-199a-5p is inhibited, the opposite result was obtained. By using overexpression vectors and siRNA of PDCD4, we also found that the low expression of PDCD4 can promote tumor cell proliferation and cycle, and inhibit cell apoptosis. If PDCD4 is highly expressed, the opposite result is obtained.. Conclusion: These findings suggest that lncRNA VASH1-AS1/miR-199a-5p/PDCD4 axis may regulate the formation of PDAC through synergy, and show potential application as an early diagnostic and prognostic marker for PDAC.

On Lies and Hard Truths

We run an experimental study using sender-receiver games to evaluate how senders' willingness to lie to others compares to their willingness to tell hard truths, i.e., promote an outcome that the sender knows is unfair to the receiver without explicitly lying. Unlike in previous work on lying when it has consequences, we do not find that antisocial behavior is less frequent when it involves lying than when it does not. In fact, we find the opposite result in the setting where there is social contact between senders and receivers, and receivers have enough information to judge whether they have been treated unfairly. In this setting, we find that senders prefer to hide behind a lie and implement the antisocial outcome by being dishonest rather than by telling the truth. These results are consistent with social image costs depending on the social proximity between senders and receivers, especially when receivers can judge the kindness of the senders' actions.

US MSA PCPI Trends: Evidence on Convergence and Divergence

Recent literature suggests that whether you observe state level convergence or divergence in PCPI depends largely on whether period beginning or ending quintile income groupings are used. The prior literature demonstrates that state income distributions based upon 1969 quintiles indicate PCPI convergence, while 2012 quintiles generate the opposite result. Evidence presented in this paper confirms similar patterns through 2017 confirming that previous results are more than recession driven anomalies. We also find considerable variability within MSA rankings over the 1969-2017 time period, a finding which suggests that MSA income performance is considerably more complex than superstar city paradigms would predict.

Flaxseed Oil and Heated Flaxseed Supplements Have Different Effects on Lipid Deposition and Ileal Microbiota in Albas Cashmere Goats

The present study investigated the effect of flaxseed grain or flaxseed oil on ileal microbiota and lipid deposition of cashmere goats. Sixty kid goats (average body weight 18.6 ± 0.1 kg) were allocated to three treatments, fed for 90 days, with control treatment: basal diet (CON, total-mixed ration), experimental treatment: basal diet with added flaxseed oil (LNO), experimental treatment: basal diet with added heated flaxseed grain (HLS). The final body weight, body weight gain, the weight of kidney fat, omental fat, tail fat, and fat tissue, the activity of fatty acid synthetase, acetyl-coa carboxylase, and malic dehydrogenase, and the relative abundance (RA) of unclassified_f_Peptostreptococcaceae and Intestinibacter were remarkably higher in the LNO treatment than in the HLS treatment, but the [Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes_group RA showed the opposite result. The content of triglyceride, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher in the CON and LNO treatments than in the HLS treatment, while the hormone-sensitive lipase activity and the non-esterified fatty acid content showed the opposite result. In conclusion, the flaxseed grain is more efficient than flaxseed oil in ameliorating the blood lipid profiles and it is a potential product for decreasing the lipid deposition of cashmere goats.

Receptiveness to students’ presence at gynecological consultations: patients’ motives and appraisal of learners’ interpersonal communication skills

Objective: To assess the expectation that the appraisal of students’ interpersonal communication skills in prior appointments affects women’s motives for consenting to or dissenting from the presence of a student and thereby their ultimate receptiveness regarding the learner’s involvement when participating in gynecological consultations. Methods: Face-to-face interviews were used to compile questionnaire data from 469 outpatients at the Brasília University Hospital. We used t-tests to evaluate the differences between the scores of the two motive-related scales of patients with prior experience of student involvement and those of patients without it, as well as contingency analyses to assess the association between the groups of women and an index of their receptiveness to students’ participation in the consultation. Moreover, we performed correlation analyses to verify the interrelationships between the scales and the levels of association of these measures with the index of receptiveness as an outcome. Results: Compared with inexperienced patients, experienced patients exhibited significantly broader receptiveness to students’ participation in consultations (chi-squared = 20.49, df = 3, P < .001; Cramer’s V = 209, P < .001). Broader receptiveness was positively correlated (rho = .314, P < .001) with their motivation to consent to and negatively (rho = -.454, P < .001) correlated with their motivation to dissent from students’ presence at coming consultations. The motivation to consent was significantly higher (P < .001) in experienced women (M = 4.58, SD = .55, n = 408) than in inexperienced ones (M = 4.31, SD = .68, n = 61). The opposite result was true for the motivation to dissent (M = 2.35, SD = .94 vs. M = 2.70, SD = 1.02; P = .007). Notably, for those 408 women, their appraisals of students’ interpersonal communication skills (in a prior consultation) positively correlated (rho = .236, P < .001) with their motivation to consent to and negatively with their motivation to dissent from students’ presence (rho = -.208, P < .001). Conclusion: The findings have implications for both the patients’ role in the gynecological education of medical students and the learners’ qualification in the clinical interview and, therefore, for the benefit of women’s healthcare.

Literatura hiszpańskojęzyczna o władztwie religii katolickiej nad ciałem osób duchownych i konsekrowanych

Catholic religion presents an ambivalent attitude towards the body: it adores the tormented and resurrected body of Christ, but rejects human physicality, regarding it as a cause and consequence of sin. Such conviction led to imposing numerous restrictions on almost all life spheres of priests, nuns and monks. They cannot get around, get dressed or decide about their activities and relationships freely. They subject their bodies to mortification, vowing celibacy and sexual abstinence. However, a desire to marginalise the physical sphere of human life, which was rooted in the Church, has produced the opposite result. As a consequence, the body became the centre of interest not only for clergymen and believers, but also writers, poets and artists from different countries and periods. The paper focuses on the literature of Spanish‑speaking countries, searching for references to the methods of bodily discipline among clergymen and consecrated people. The abundance and variety of presented examples point to the fact that this topic is worth of interest and a deeper analysis.

Burrow characteristics and temporal variation in burrow temperature of the fiddler crab Tubuca rosea (Tweedie, 1937) (Brachyura, Ocypodidae) in southern Thailand

This study investigates the burrow temperature of large-sized male and female Tubuca rosea (Tweedie, 1937) crabs as well as the soil temperature near their burrows during the day and night. Burrow and soil temperatures were measured using temperature sensors and burrow characteristics were recorded. Both sexes built I- and J-shaped burrows. Female burrows were longer and deeper than male burrows, since female burrows act as breeding burrows in this species. J-shaped burrows were longer and slightly deeper than I-shaped ones. During the day, the burrow temperature was lower than the soil temperature; however, during the night, the opposite result was observed. The burrow length/depth was negatively correlated with the burrow temperature during the day, but these correlations were positive during the night. This study shows that the burrow characteristics of T. rosea modulate the inside temperature of the burrows, maintaining a suitable temperature for the crabs.

Leaf and Root Litter Species Identity Influences Bacterial Community Composition in Short-Term Litter Decomposition

Background: Microorganisms play a crucial role in litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems. However, it remains unclear, which effects of leaf litter and root species on bacterial community composition and diversity after one year's decomposition. Methods: The leaf and fine roots litters of Robinia pseudoacacia , Quercus acutissima , Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus densiflora , which are the dominant afforestation species in Mount Tai, were analysed using the Nylon litterbag method and Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing for the amplification of bacterial 16S rRNA V4-V5. We measured the remaining litter mass and the bacterial community composition and assessed the effects of leaf and root litter species on the bacterial community after one-year decomposition periods.Results: (1) The remaining masses of leaf and fine roots litters of the four plant species were significantly influenced by organ type and species. The remaining mass of fine root litter was smaller than that of leaf litter for broad-leaved species, and the opposite result was found for coniferous species. (2) The observed species Chao1 and phylogenetic diversity values were significantly lower for leaf litters than for fine root litter. The community richness index was positively correlated with the C content, C:N and lignin content and negatively correlated with N:P, N content and P content. The bacterial community structure differed significantly among leaf and root litter decomposition for the four species ( p <0.05). The bacterial community structure in leaf litter was most highly correlated with the initial N content and N:P. The bacterial community structure in fine roots was most highly correlated with the lignin content. (3) The bacterial phyla Bacteroidetes , Acidobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes were significantly affected by litter and species type, and the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Chloroflexi were only affected by litter type. The relative abundances of Acidobacteria , Firmicutes and Chloroflexi in fine root litter were higher than those in leaf litter, while the opposite result was found for Bacteroidetes . The bacterial genera Burkholderia-Paraburkholderia , Sphingomonas and Mucilaginibacter were affected by litter type ( p <0.05). The relative abundance of Burkholderia-Paraburkholderia in fine root litter was higher than that in leaf litter, while the opposite result was found for Bradyrhizobium , Sphingomonas and Mucilaginibacter . Pearson correlation analysis showed that the average relative abundance of the dominant phyla and genera was affected by the initial litter properties, especially for Bacteroides , Acidobacteria , Burkholderia , and Sphingomonas . Conclusions: Litter type, interaction between litter type and species were important than species in shaping the bacterial diversity and community composition in decomposing litter. And this were affected by initial chemical properties of the litter.

UJI KADAR FLOURIDA PADA AIR MINUM DALAM KEMASAN (AMDK) DAN AIR SUMUR SECARA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS

Water naturally contains various minerals, one of them is fluoride ion. Fluoride in water with suitable amounts give good benefits for health, but give the opposite result in excessive amounts. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of fluoride contained in bottled drinking water and some well water samples in Banda Aceh. The fluoride amount in bottled drinking water and the well water was analyzed using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry at 570 nm wavelength. The measurement results show that the six samples have fluoride ion levels below 1 mg/L. This proves that the water is suitable for consumption and use because it meets the quality standards of SNI 01-3533-2006 (maximum 1 mg/L for bottled drinking water) and the Health Minister Regulation of Republic Indonesia Number 32 Year 2017 (maximum 1,5mg/L in water for hygiene and sanitation purposes).

“Apostasy in a Schism” in the Kazan Diocese: Old Believers in the Parish life of the Russian Village

In the era of Nicholas I, the policy for further unification of the religious life and stricter surveillance over parishioners led to a rise of investigative cases filed against schismatics. The article discusses how the clergy increased their efforts in revealing the facts of “apostasy” of Old Belief among the Orthodox. In the course of these activities, the Russian authorities discovered the imperfection of their own system of surveillance. The paper shows that the active investigation of cases of “apostasy” produced the opposite result: instead of drawing people back from “apostasy” the policy led to an intensification of religious life of various Old Believer communities. In particular, the paper focuses upon inter-confessional marriages between Orthodox Christians and Old Believers. The legal rules of such marriages were often neglected by the spouses and sometimes by the Orthodox clergy themselves. An analysis is provided of the perception of such marriages by secular and church authorities, and by those marriage couples who were pursued as “apostates”.