scholarly journals Maternal Opioid Abuse and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. p78
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Armstrong-Mensah ◽  
Deja Woolcock ◽  
Christi Lee ◽  
Morelia Torres Diaz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Abuse ◽  
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Abstinence Syndrome ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
The Past ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Abuse During Pregnancy

In the past decade, the United States has experienced an increase in deaths related to nonmedical and medical opioid overdose. This is due to a number of factors including an increase in recreational opioid use, and the over prescription of opioids for various conditions such as during pregnancy, injury, and illness. The over utilization of opioids during pregnancy in the United States has led to an increase in adverse neonatal birth outcomes including poor fetal growth, preterm birth, stillbirth, neonatal abstinence syndrome in neonates, and an increase in maternal mortality among mothers. These are dire consequences that should not be ignored. This paper discusses opioid abuse during pregnancy and its effects on neonates in the United States. It also discusses some challenges associated with the diagnosis of neonatal abstinence syndrome and provides recommendations for addressing the issue Additionally, it discusses what mothers can do to prevent neonatal abstinence syndrome.

scholarly journals Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Due to Opioid Abuse in Pregnancy

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Banu Mutlu Ozyurt ◽  
Ozge Surmeli Onay ◽  
Ozlem Ersoy
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Opioid Abuse ◽  
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome ◽  
Abstinence Syndrome ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
The Past ◽  
Abuse During Pregnancy ◽  
In Pregnancy

<p>Opioid abuse during pregnancy is increasing in women of childbearing age in Turkey. The frequency of clinical signs of withdrawal in infants who exposed to heroin in utero are varying between 16-90%. Here, we present five newborn infants presenting with neonatal abstinence syndrome who were hospitalized in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Mersin Maternity and Children’s Hospital. All of the five infants were symptomatic including irritability, tremors, high-pitched cry, excessive sucking and seizure. Hyperirritability was the predominant sign. Seizure was observed two of the five infants which clinically presented between 1st-5th day of life and was controlled with phenobarbital. We have experienced seizure due to withdrawal of opioid more than the past reports and we thought that interrupting breastfeeding may facilitate seizure. Breastfeeding may slow down the decrease of opioid level in blood and may reduce the symptoms. In conclusion, opioid abuse in pregnancy is a growing sociological problem in Turkey and a protocol for management is required for neonatologists.</p>

scholarly journals Drugs, Violence, and Capitalism: The Expansion of Opioid Use in the Americas

2020 ◽  
pp. 0094582X2097500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo José dos Reis Pereira
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin American ◽  
International Security ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
The Past ◽  
Emergency Measures ◽  
The U.S

In the past two decades, the United States has experienced a rapid rise in the use of opioids by its population, a context that has come to be assessed by the U.S. government as a threat to national and international security that requires emergency measures. The strategies of the U.S. government and transnational pharmaceutical corporations for resolving the insecurity generated by capitalist accumulation constitute what a certain literature calls “pacification.” In addition, these corporations export to the “foreign” the contradictions inherent in the opioid control policy that underlies the capitalist logic of drugs. Thus Latin American populations have been instrumentalized in the “solution” of this crisis either as a focus of violence by the state or as a focus of consumption by the market. Nas últimas duas décadas, os Estados Unidos vivenciaram uma rápida ascensão do uso de opioides pela sua população, contexto que passou a ser avaliado pelo governo estadunidense como uma ameaça à segurança nacional e internacional que demanda medidas emergenciais. As estratégias do Estado estadunidense e das corporações farmacêuticas transnacionais para solucionar a insegurança gerada pela acumulação capitalista configuram o que certa literatura chama “pacificação” Ademais, elas exportam para o “estrangeiro” as contradições próprias da política de controle de opioides que fundamenta a lógica capitalista das drogas. Assim, populações latino-americanas têm sido instrumentalizadas para a “solução” dessa crise, seja como foco da violência pelo Estado, seja como foco do consumo pelo mercado.

scholarly journals Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome Incidence and Health Care Costs in the United States, 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 174 (2) ◽  
pp. 200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea E. Strahan ◽  
Gery P. Guy ◽  
Michele Bohm ◽  
Meghan Frey ◽  
Jean Y. Ko
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Costs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome ◽  
Abstinence Syndrome ◽  
Care Costs

scholarly journals An Update on the Burden of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamleshun Ramphul ◽  
Stephanie Gonzalez Mejias ◽  
Jyotsnav Joynauth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome ◽  
Abstinence Syndrome

NIOSH Responds to the U.S. Drug Overdose Epidemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 104829112110407
Author(s):  
Jamie C. Osborne ◽  
L. Casey Chosewood
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Overdose ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Opioid Use

The United States is experiencing an evolving and worsening drug overdose epidemic. Although the rate of drug use among workers has remained relatively stable, the risk of overdose and death among drug users has not, as illicit drugs have increased in potency and lethality. The cumulative impacts of COVID-19 and the opioid crisis increase the likelihood of illness and death among workers with opioid use disorder. Workplaces represent a critical point of contact for people living in the United States who are struggling with or recovering from a substance use disorder, and employment is a vital source of recovery “capital.” The benefits of addressing substance use in the workplace, supporting treatment, and employing workers in recovery are evident. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has published research to inform policy and practice toward prevention efforts and has developed accessible resources and toolkits to support workers, employers, and workplaces in combatting the opioid overdose crisis and creating safer, healthier communities.

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome and Maternal Opioid-Related Diagnoses in the United States, 2010-2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 170-170
Author(s):  
A.H. Hirai ◽  
J.Y. Ko ◽  
P.L. Owens ◽  
C. Stocks ◽  
S.W. Patrick
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome ◽  
Abstinence Syndrome

scholarly journals Prevalent Misconceptions About Opioid Use Disorders in the United States Produce Failed Policy and Public Health Responses

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 546-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Heimer ◽  
Kathryn Hawk ◽  
Sten H Vermund
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
People Who Use Drugs ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Illicit Markets ◽  
Oral Consumption ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Overdose Mortality

Abstract The current opioid crisis in the United States has emerged from higher demand for and prescribing of opioids as chronic pain medication, leading to massive diversion into illicit markets. A peculiar tragedy is that many health professionals prescribed opioids in a misguided response to legitimate concerns that pain was undertreated. The crisis grew not only from overprescribing, but also from other sources, including insufficient research into nonopioid pain management, ethical lapses in corporate marketing, historical stigmas directed against people who use drugs, and failures to deploy evidence-based therapies for opioid addiction and to comprehend the limitations of supply-side regulatory approaches. Restricting opioid prescribing perversely accelerated narco-trafficking of heroin and fentanyl with consequent increases in opioid overdose mortality As injection replaced oral consumption, outbreaks of hepatitis B and C virus and human immunodeficiency virus infections have resulted. This viewpoint explores the origins of the crisis and directions needed for effective mitigation.

Income inequality and the growth of redistributive spending in the United States (US) states: is there a link?

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tima T. Moldogaziev ◽  
James E. Monogan ◽  
Christopher Witko
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Us States ◽  
The Past ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Policy Models

AbstractProminent public policy models have hypothesised that rising income inequality will lead to more redistributive spending. Subsequent theoretical advancements and empirical research often failed to find a positive relationship between inequality and redistributive spending, however. Over the last few decades both income inequality and redistributive spending have been growing in the United States states. In this work, we consider whether temporal variation in inequality can explain variation in redistributive spending, while controlling for a number of factors that covary with redistributive spending in the states. In an analysis of data for 1976–2008, we find that higher levels of inequality are associated with greater redistributive spending, offering empirical evidence that fiscal policy at the state level responds to growing levels of income inequality. Considering the growing role of state governments in welfare provision during the past several decades, this finding is relevant for policy researchers and practitioners at all levels of government.

Emerging diasporas: Exploring mobilization outside the homeland

2021 ◽  
pp. 002234332098080
Author(s):  
Connor Kopchick ◽  
Kathleen Gallagher Cunningham ◽  
Erin K Jenne ◽  
Stephen Saideman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Identity Preservation ◽  
Geographic Concentration ◽  
Identity Maintenance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The World ◽  
Enormous Number

An enormous number of people are leaving their homelands around the world today. This has happened several times in the past, but migration has spiked in recent years. These population movements can have significant effects on both the host country (where emigrants or refugees settle), as well as politics back in the homeland. After they leave their homelands, why do some groups mobilize, and in what ways? In this article, we examine a number of factors that may impact when emigrated groups mobilize after they move. We develop a new dataset on potential diasporas in the United States to evaluate a series of hypotheses; including those about motivations for mobilization such as identity maintenance, the objective plight of co-ethnics in the homeland, and group capacity to mobilize. We find some merit in the identity preservation argument and a strong effect of geographic concentration of the diaspora segment. Surprisingly, diaspora mobilization does not appear to be strongly related to conflict in the homeland among these groups.

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