scholarly journals How do the Risk Equity Techniques Affect on Intercity Road Network Accessibility? An Empirical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. p87
Author(s):  
Abbas Mahmoudabadi ◽  
Donya Nader
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Hazardous Materials Transportation ◽  
The North ◽  
Risk Equity ◽  
Risk Distribution ◽  
North Of Iran ◽  
Guilan Province

Due to existing risk on hazardous materials transportation, it is essential to avoid risk agglomeration over the specific edges which are frequently used on the intercity road network. Therefore, local and/or national authorities are dealing with distributing risk over the network while risk distribution may affect on the network accessibility. The aim of this study is to propose a procedure and develop mathematical models to distribute Hazmat transport risk, named risk equity, on the intercity road network and investigate the effects on the network accessibility. Accessibility is defined as dividing transport demand by distance, where the Min (Max) risk distribution technique is utilized for risk equity over the network. The effects have been investigated on a medium size of intercity road network in Guilan province, at the north of Iran. The proposed procedure and mathematical models have been run using experimental data including 46 nodes and 126 two-way edges including Hazmat Origin-Destination matrix. The results revealed that risk distribution technique has significant effects on network accessibility in which nodes’ accessibilities are statistically affected by risk equity models.

scholarly journals Balance Disorders and Their Related Factors Among the Elderly in the Northern Rural Areas of Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
Shadman Nemati ◽  
◽  
Houshang Gerami ◽  
Zahra Karimi ◽  
Rastin Hosseinzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical History ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Balance Disorders ◽  
The North ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
North Of Iran ◽  
Guilan Province

Background: Aging is a natural and physiological process. Moreover, balance disorders frequently occur in the elderly and cause many morbidities in this population. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate balance disorders and their related factors in the healthy elderly population of the rural areas of Guilan province, in the north of Iran. Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 425 individuals over 65 years old were selected by random cluster sampling method from the villages of Rasht, the capital city of Guilan province. After obtaining written consent, the subjects were examined for balance disturbance through gait and balance adjusted scale (GABS) index. The obtained results were reported as frequency. We applied the Mann-Whitney U test and non-parametric regression analysis for non-normally distributed dependent variables. The obtained data were analyzed in software version 18. Results: The Mean±SD score of GABS was 10.07±8.00 [median (IQR):7(10.5)]. A total of 425 individuals were selected, but 413 completed the research (218 males and 195 females). In total, 73.1% of the subjects reported at least one disorder among the investigated parameters, and 45.2% mentioned a disorder in at least one of the studied parameters in medical history. By modified GABS; 42.2% of the subjects reported disorders in at least one of the investigated parameters. Conclusion: Nearly half of the elderly population in the rural areas of the north of Iran suffer from balance disorder. This data was obtained by their medical history and physical examinations.

scholarly journals Research on Route Optimization of Hazardous Materials Transportation Considering Risk Equity

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 9427
Author(s):  
Liping Liu ◽  
Jiaming Li ◽  
Lei Zhou ◽  
Tijun Fan ◽  
Shuxia Li
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Emergency Response ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Route Optimization ◽  
Hazardous Materials Transportation ◽  
Transportation Risk ◽  
Risk Equity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Government

The consequences of a hazmat accident can be catastrophic due to the characteristics of hazardous materials. Different from the models, which are constructed from the perspective of “government-carrier”, this paper considers the three objectives of the risk, the cost, and the compensation cost from the “government-carrier-public” perspective, so as to construct a route optimization model of hazmat transportation considering risk equity. Moreover, considering that the difference in regional emergency response time will significantly affect the risk, this research incorporates the emergency response time into the transportation risk assessment function, and realizes risk equity by minimizing the total compensation cost based on the difference in regional emergency response time. To solve the proposed model, a multi-objective genetic algorithm based on linear weighting is designed. The results obtained from the case study verify the necessity of considering the risk equity in the route optimization model of hazardous materials transportation and prove that the established model and algorithm can find an optimal route that meets the expectations of the government, the carrier, and the public.

scholarly journals Generalized route planning approach for hazardous materials transportation with equity consideration

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huo Chai ◽  
Rui-chun He ◽  
Xiao-yan Jia ◽  
Chang-xi Ma ◽  
Cun-jie Dai
Keyword(s):  
Route Planning ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Risk Difference ◽  
Hazardous Materials Transportation ◽  
Numerical Example ◽  
Transportation Risk ◽  
Evaluation Scheme ◽  
Risk Equity ◽  
Transportation Process ◽  
Equity Consideration

Hazardous materials transportation should consider risk equity and transportation risk and cost. In the hazardous materials transportation process, we consider risk equity as an important condition in optimizing vehicle routing for the long-term transport of hazardous materials between single or multiple origin-destination pairs (O-D) to reduce the distribution difference of hazardous materials transportation risk over populated areas. First, a risk equity evaluation scheme is proposed to reflect the risk difference among the areas. The evaluation scheme uses standard deviation to measure the risk differences among populated areas. Second, a risk distribution equity model is proposed to decrease the risk difference among populated areas by adjusting the path frequency between O-D pairs for hazardous materials transportation. The model is converted into two sub models to facilitate decision-making, and an algorithm is provided for each sub model. Finally, we design a numerical example to verify the accuracy and rationality of the model and algorithm. The numerical example shows that the proposed model is essential and feasible for reducing the complexity and increasing the portability of the transportation process.

scholarly journals Guillain-Barré Syndrome During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Pre-pandemic Periods

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Alyeh Besharati ◽  
◽  
Alia Saberi ◽  
Samaneh Ghorbani Shirkouhi ◽  
Ali Ashraf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axonal Neuropathy ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Guillain Barre Syndrome ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Guillain Barré Syndrome ◽  
North Of Iran ◽  
Guillain Barré ◽  
Guilan Province

Background: Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune disease that may occur after infections. As Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) may bring about GBS, it is important to assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on this disease Objectives: This study aimed to compare the distribution and characteristics of GBS during and before the COVID-19 pandemic in an academic referral hospital in the north of Iran. Materials & Methods: This retrospective study assessed GBS distribution and characteristics during the COVID-19 pandemic period (from March 2020 to the end of February 2021) and before the pandemic (from March 2019 to the end of February 2020) on 5340 patients referred to the Neurology Ward of Poursina Hospital of Guilan Province, in Iran. Results: There was no significant difference between GBS distribution during (0.03%) and before (0.04%) the COVID-19 pandemic (P=0.413). There were also no differences between the two periods regarding the gender (P=0.659) and age (P=0.417) of the patients. The most common subtype of GBS during the COVID-19 pandemic was Acute Motor and Sensory Axonal Neuropathy (AMSAN) (71.4%). In both periods, the most common type of treatment was intravenous administration of immune globulin. There was no significant difference between the two periods (P=0.838) regarding the patients’ treatment response. Conclusion: The distribution of GBS, its subtypes, type of treatment, and response to treatment were not different between the two study periods.

Analysis of babA, cagE and cagA Genes in Helicobacter pylori from Upper Gastric Patients in the North of Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saba Fakhrieh Asl ◽  
Mehrnaz Pourvahedi ◽  
Ali Mojtahedi ◽  
Mohammad Shenagari
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Gastric Diseases ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
The North ◽  
Different Types ◽  
North Of Iran ◽  
Gastric Biopsies ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Non Ulcer Dyspepsia ◽  
H Pylori

Objective:Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium which has a serious effect on up to half of the world’s population and has been related to different gastric diseases. The goal of this study was to assess the frequency of babA, cagE and cagA genotypes among H. pylori strains isolated from gastric biopsies of endoscopic patients in the north of Iran.Methods:The present study was performed on 90 strains of H. pylori isolated from patients with gastric diseases (Gastric ulcer (GU), Duodenal ulcer (DU), Gastritis (G), Non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) and Gastric adenocarcinoma (GC)). DNA was extracted from all isolated strains and PCR method was performed to detect the prevalence of babA2, cagE and cagA genes using specific primers.Results:Among 90 samples of H. pylori, babA2, cagE, and cagA genes were detected in 42.2%, 30% and 82.2% of strains respectively. The statistical analysis showed that the prevalence of cagA gene in GU, G, DU, and NUD was significantly higher than other genes. Moreover, cagA, and babA2 genes were significantly more prevalent in GC patients compared to cagE gene. Our isolates exhibited 8 distinct arrangements of virulence patterns. The occurrence of cagA (35.6%) was the most prevalent pattern followed by cagA/babA2 (20%) and cagA/babA2/cagE (14.4%).Conclusion:In summary, as first report from Guilan province in the north of Iran, we showed significant association between the presence of babA2, cagE, and cagA genes in different types of gastric disorders.

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