scholarly journals Assessment of Air Pollution in Gboko, Benue State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. p38
Author(s):  
Bernard Tarza Tyubee ◽  
Grace Hembadoon Yiyeh ◽  
Monday Akpegi Onah
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Land Use Land Cover ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Town Center ◽  
The Town ◽  
Mean Concentration

The study assessed the spatio-temporal and seasonal variation in the concentration of CO, NO2­, SO2 and PM10 in Gboko, Benue State, Nigeria. Data on the air pollutants were collected at four points between 8:00am-10:00am and 3:00pm-5:00pm daily, from 16th January to 24th February (dry season) and 5th June to 14th July (rainy season) in 2017 using Gasman hand-held gas monitors. Data were analysed using mean, coefficient of variation (CV) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The result showed highest and lowest mean concentrations of CO of 21.86ppm (rainy season) and 17.00ppm (dry season) in the town center (Point 2, GBKC) and 2.46ppm (rainy season) and 2.45ppm (dry season) in the suburb (Point 1, YRA). The mean concentrations of CO, NO2 and SO2 were higher in rainy season, and the mean concentration of PM10 was higher in dry season, with the mean concentrations of NO2, SO2 and PM10 higher than the national acceptable levels in both seasons. The spatial variation in concentration of the air pollutants was significant with respect to land use/land cover types than seasons. There should be regular monitoring of air quality as the population and human activities increase in the town.

How low-cost air pollution sensors could make homes smarter?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Omidvarborna ◽  
Prashant Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Indoor Air Pollutants

<p>The majority of people spend most of their time indoors, where they are exposed to indoor air pollutants. Indoor air pollution is ranked among the top ten largest global burden of a disease risk factor as well as the top five environmental public health risks, which could result in mortality and morbidity worldwide. The spent time in indoor environments has been recently elevated due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak when the public are advised to stay in their place for longer hours per day to protect lives. This opens an opportunity to low-cost air pollution sensors in the real-time Spatio-temporal mapping of IAQ and monitors their concentration/exposure levels indoors. However, the optimum selection of low-cost sensors (LCSs) for certain indoor application is challenging due to diversity in the air pollution sensing device technologies. Making affordable sensing units composed of individual sensors capable of measuring indoor environmental parameters and pollutant concentration for indoor applications requires a diverse scientific and engineering knowledge, which is not yet established. The study aims to gather all these methodologies and technologies in one place, where it allows transforming typical homes into smart homes by specifically focusing on IAQ. This approach addresses the following questions: 1) which and what sensors are suitable for indoor networked application by considering their specifications and limitation, 2) where to deploy sensors to better capture Spatio-temporal mapping of indoor air pollutants, while the operation is optimum, 3) how to treat the collected data from the sensor network and make them ready for the subsequent analysis and 4) how to feed data to prediction models, and which models are best suited for indoors.</p>

Stable Isotopes Analysis of Precipitation in Subtropical Plateau of Yunnan

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 1059-1063
Author(s):  
Wei Guan ◽  
Tao Fan ◽  
Xiu Qin Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Precipitation Line ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Geographical Position ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

To elucidate the relationship between stable isotopes of precipitation (SIP) and the extreme drought in Kunming area, based on the stable isotopes data of the GNIP in Kunming site from 1986 to 2003, the precipitation line equation is brought forward and the seasonal change rule of stable isotopes are discussed. The stable isotopic compositions of precipitation exhibit great diversities in different seasons during to influences of multiple factors, such as monsoon, rainfall amount moisture source and others. The δ18O values in rainwater exhibit significant seasonal variations, the average of-10.12‰ in rainy season, the dry season is-4.5‰, having lower values in the rainy season and higher one in the dry season. The amount effect of precipitation is very distinct, that concealed the temperature effect. Got the special geographical position,dvalues present unique characteristics, the average ofdvalues is 10.78‰ in rainy season, and is 4.86‰ in dry season, the mean value is generally lower than most parts of the world.

scholarly journals Investigation of Heavy Metals Level in selected Boreholes around the Vicinity of some Cemeteries in Benin City, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 841-845
Author(s):  
C.A.E. Ibhadode ◽  
I.R. Ilaboya
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Groundwater pollution by heavy metals such as lead, copper, nickel and iron is one of the major environmental issues of concern which has developed into a widely studied area. In this study, attempt was made to investigate the level of heavy metals in selected boreholes around the vicinity of cemeteries in Benin City. Seventy-two (72) samples of groundwater were taken from boreholes in 9 stations around the three cemeteries in Benin City on monthly basis. The samples were analysed for 7 heavy metals, in accordance with standard procedures. The heavy metals include; Zinc, Lead Iron, Copper, Cadmium, Nickel and Mercury. From the results of the study, a variation in the mean concentration of zinc was observed. The mean concentration of zinc in site 1 was 0.450mg/l, for site 2, it was 0.140mg/l and for site 3, it was 1.0533mg/l. For iron, mean concentration was 0.072mg/l in site 1. For site 2, mean concentration of iron was 2.140mg/l and for site 3, mean concentration of iron was 0.560mg/l. It was further revealed based on the results that mean value of heavy metals in groundwater around cemeteries in Benin City were generally lower during dry season compared to wet season. In addition, result of computed pollution index (Pi) revealed that the heavy metal with the highest potential to pollute groundwater is Cadmium, with Pi of 0.5333 and 0.400 representing dry season and wet season respectively.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Variations of Hydrochemical and Microbial Characteristics in Karst Water in Samcheok, South Korea

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3407
Author(s):  
Han-Sun Ryu ◽  
Heejung Kim ◽  
Jin-Yong Lee ◽  
Jiwook Jang ◽  
Sangwook Park
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Karst Water ◽  
Seasonal Characteristics ◽  
Microbial Characteristics ◽  
Spatio Temporal

This study analyzed the hydrochemical characteristics and microbial communities of karst water in Samcheok, Korea, and compared water quality results to identify the seasonal characteristics and hydrogeological connectivity of the study areas of Hamaengbang-ri, Gyogok-ri, Yeosam-ri, and the downtown area of Samcheok. Field survey and water quality analysis were performed in July 2019, February 2020, and April 2020. Hydrochemical analysis of karst water (groundwater and surface water) showed that most samples were comprised of Ca-HCO3 and that water–rock interactions were a dominant factor compared to precipitation and evaporation (crystallization). For seasonal characteristics, water–rock interactions appeared more active in the dry season than in the rainy season. Calcite weathering was dominant in the dry season, whereas dolomite weathering dominated the rainy season. Moreover, the saturation indexes for the dry and rainy seasons were less than and greater than 0, respectively, corresponding to an unsaturation (oversaturation) state; thus, white precipitate distributed in the study areas was deposited in the rainy season. Finally, as a result of analyzing the hydraulic characteristics between regions, hydrogeological similarities were identified between Hamaengbang-ri and Yeosam-ri, and between Gyogok-ri and downtown Samcheok, which suggested hydrogeological connectivity between each of the pairs.

scholarly journals Childhood Leukemia in Small Geographical Areas and Proximity to Industrial Sources of Air Pollutants in Three Colombian Cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 7925
Author(s):  
Laura Andrea Rodriguez-Villamizar ◽  
Feisar Enrique Moreno-Corzo ◽  
Ana María Valbuena-Garcia ◽  
Claudia Janeth Uribe Pérez ◽  
Mary Ruth Brome Bohórquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Spatial Modeling ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Childhood Leukemia ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Environmental Carcinogens ◽  
Capital Cities ◽  
Industrial Sources ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Acute leukemia is the most common childhood cancer and has been associated with exposure to environmental carcinogens. This study aimed to identify clusters of acute childhood leukemia (ACL) cases and analyze their relationship with proximity to industrial sources of air pollution in three capital cities in Colombia during 2000–2015. Incident ACL cases were obtained from the population cancer registries for the cities of Bucaramanga, Cali, and Medellín. The inventory of industrial sources of emissions to the air was obtained from the regional environmental authorities and industrial conglomerates were identified. The Kulldorf’s circular scan test was used to detect city clusters and to identify clusters around industrial conglomerates. Multivariable spatial modeling assessed the effect of distance and direction from the industrial conglomerates controlling for socioeconomic status. We identified industrials sectors within a buffer of 1 km around industrial conglomerates related to the ACL clusters. Incidence rates showed geographical heterogeneity with low spatial autocorrelation within cities. The spatio-temporal tests identified one cluster in each city. The industries located within 1 km around the ACL clusters identified in the three cities represent different sectors. Exposure to air pollution from industrial sources might be contributing to the incidence of ACL cases in urban settings in Colombia.

scholarly journals The Abundance and Biting Patterns of Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Culicidae) in the Coastal Region of Nigeria

ISRN Zoology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel C. Uttah ◽  
Gloria N. Wokem ◽  
Christiana Okonofua
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Human Landing Catch ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Human Landing ◽  
The Mean

This study was aimed at determining the abundance and biting patterns of Culex quinquefasciatus in the coastal region of Nigeria. Collections were done by human landing catch and by CDC miniature light traps from September 2005 to August 2006. A total of 3798 C. quinquefasciatus females were collected. The highest number of females was caught in the month of August and it represented nearly a quarter (24.0%) of the total females collected. In all, 38.8% of females dissected were parous. The abundance of C. quinquefasciatus followed the pattern of rainfall with the population starting to expand at the onset of the rains. The highest increase was found after the temperature had peaked. The mean of biting was 3.2 times more in the rainy season than in the dry season, whereas the transmission potential was higher in the dry season. C. quinquefasciatus is presently regarded as a biting nuisance having no significant epidemiological importance yet. Efforts at its control should be intensified before it is too late.

Seasonal movements of giraffes in Niger

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonnick Le Pendu ◽  
Isabelle Ciofolo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Spatial Behaviour ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Niger River ◽  
Hydrographic Network

The last population of giraffes in west Africa lives in Niger in an unprotected Sahelian region inhabited by farmers and herders. The spatial behaviour of each individual of the population (n = 63) was studied by direct observation during 15 mo. Two-thirds of the population were resident in the tiger bush in the rainy season and in the nearby area of Harikanassou, a sandy agricultural region, in the dry season. Rainy season and dry season home ranges were mutually exclusive and individual home ranges were overlapping when considering one season (rainy season: 84%; dry season: 67%). The mean size of the seasonal home ranges of these resident giraffes during the dry season (90.7 km2) was twice the mean size during the rainy season (46.6 km2). A third of the population moved 80 to 200 km in three directions, and two giraffes from an isolated group from Mali moved 300 km along the Niger River. Long distance movements of such length have never been reported before, and several explanations are proposed: previous distribution, social transmission, hydrographic network and food availability, poaching events. The giraffes in Niger do not avoid rural communities; indeed, they live in densely populated regions. Furthermore, their movements, synchronized with human activities in these regions, are representative of life conditions in the Sahel.

scholarly journals Diversity of Pseudoscorpiones (Arthropoda: Arachnida) in two fragments of dry tropical forest in the colombian Caribbean region

Caldasia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-151
Author(s):  
Eduardo Villarreal ◽  
Neis Martínez ◽  
Catalina Romero-Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Temporal Variation ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Dry Tropical Forest ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Collection Methods

The Dry Tropical Forest (DTF) is one of the most diverse yet threatened biomes of Colombia. There is limited information about the richness of the order Pseudoscorpiones (Arachnida) in this ecosystem in the country. Pseudoscorpions are ecologically interesting, as they may be good indicators of habitat conservation. However, it is still necessary to gather more knowledge related to its spatio-temporal variation. In this study, pseudoscorpion diversity variation was assessed in two fragments of the Dry Tropical Forest in the Caribbean region of Colombian: Reserva Campesina La Montaña (RCM) and Reserva La Flecha (RLF). Four samplings were carried out between March and September of 2016 to include the dry and rainy season. Pseudoscorpions were collected using litter sifting (SL) and manual capture (MC). A total of 260 individuals belonging to five families and eight species were collected. The most abundant was Pachyolpium granulatum (Olpiidae) and the richest family was Chernetidae. The collection methods were effective and complementary. Spatial variation was significant, but no temporal variation was observed however, there was a marked difference between the abundance at RCM in the dry season and the rainy season. In contrast, at RLF most individuals were found in the dry season in comparison with the rainy season. These new faunistic data is the first of its order in the Atlántico and Bolívar department.

Relationship between Air Pollutants and Visibility in Shanghai during 2006-2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 314-317
Author(s):  
Dan Xue ◽  
Qian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Secondary Pollutants ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Air pollution has been deteriorated seriously in Shanghai as a result of urbanization and modernization. Visibility reduction is the most apparent symptom of air pollution. This paper aims to describe the characteristics of visibility and air pollutants in Shanghai, and to investigate the relationship between them. Visibility in Shanghai was higher in summer and lower in winter. The mean value of visibility during 2006-2010 was 17.8km. Air pollution in Shanghai was also serious. In 2010, Shanghai got the relative better air quality compared with the former four years. Air pollutants and visibility were negatively correlated. SO2 and NO2 had higher correlation coefficients with visibility than PM10. This suggested that the visibility in Shanghai was mainly due to secondary pollutants.

RADIAL GROWTH DYNAMICS OF TABEBUIA UMBELLATA (BIGNONIACEAE), A FLOOD-TOLERANT TREE FROM THE ATLANTIC FOREST SWAMPS IN BRAZIL

IAWA Journal ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cátia Henriques Callado ◽  
Sebastião José da Silva Neto ◽  
Fábio Rubio Scarano ◽  
Cecília Gonçalves Costa
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
The Mean

We studied the annual radial growth of Tabebuia umbellata (Sond.) Sandwith (Bignoniaceae) and its relationship to rainfall, temperature, photoperiod, flooding and phenology. This species showed cyclic annual growth. Growth was the greatest during the rainy season and flooding. Growth was associated with the presence of mature leaves on the trees. No increase in girth was observed during the dry season or during defoliation or flowering. The mean rate of radial growth was c. 6 mm/year. This flood-tolerant species maintained and increased radial growth during flooding.

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