scholarly journals MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF PTERION AND ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Gyanaranjan Nayak ◽  
Biswa Bhusan Mohanty ◽  
Saurjya Ranjan Das
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Zygomatic Arch ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Common Variety ◽  
The Right ◽  
Age And Sex

  Objective: Pterion is an area formed by the union of frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones. It exhibits variations in the sutural pattern of fusion of constituent bones. Basing on this, the pterion can be classified into four varieties. According to Murphy, these are sphenoparietal, frontotemporal, stellate, and epipteric. The anatomical location of the pterion is necessary for the surgical management of extradural hemorrhage, aneurysm, and brain tumors located in the anterior and middle cranial fossae.The purpose of this study is to find out the prevalence of different varieties of pterion and determine the position of pterion using anatomical landmarks.Methods: The present study included fifty skulls of unknown age and sex. The skulls were studied macroscopically for the anatomical variations of pterion. The distance between the center of the pterion to the midpoint of zygomatic arch and pterion to the frontozygomatic suture was measured using Vernier calipers.Results: The sphenoparietal variety was the most common variety of pterion found in the study followed by the epipteric variety and the stellate variety, respectively. The distance between pterion and back of the frontozygomatic suture was found to be 3.48 ± 0.21 cm on the right side and 3.41 ± 0.16 cm on the left side. The distance between pterion and the midpoint of upper border of the zygomatic arch was found to be 4.01 ± 0.19 cm on the right side and 3.94 ± 0.2 cm on the left side.Conclusion: The findings will be helpful for radiologists and neurosurgeons.

scholarly journals Morphological Variations in the Anatomy of Caecum and Appendix - A Cadaveric Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 030-035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arindom Banerjee ◽  
I. Anil Kumar ◽  
Arunabha Tapadar ◽  
M Pranay
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Surgery ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Iliac Fossa ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Vermiform Appendix ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Abdominal Operations ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background : Appendicitis is one of the most common clinical conditions that require emergency surgery. Variations in anatomical location of appendix can result in different clinical presentations. Anatomical and topographical variations of the caecum are also known to occur. Anatomical variations in caecum have been observed along with the appendix in this study. Aims: To study the variations in the size, shape, position and arterial supply of the caecum and appendix in individuals of different sex and age, a thorough knowledge of which will aid surgeons in performing various abdominal operations in adults and children. Material and methods: The study was carried out on 25 adult cadavers over a period of 3 years. The anatomy of caecum and appendix was studied in detail. Results : The normal position of caecum and appendix in adult cadavers was found to be in the right iliac fossa. In all specimens the shape of caecum was adult (ampullary) type and it was supplied normally in all cases from a branch of the superior mesenteric artery. The appendix was found in the retro-caecal position in majority of cases with a complete meso-appendix in four and an additional blood supply via the artery of Sesachalam was found in two cases. Conclusions: Vermiform appendix is characterized by variability of its location and morphology. The ultimate position of the appendix is influenced by the changes in position and shape which the caecum undergoes during development and growth. The present study observed the appendix and caecum to be found in their normal positions in majority of cases. The average length of caecum and appendix was found to be more in males as compared with females. Appendicitis is one of the most common diseases that need emergency surgery. Variations in anatomical position cause different clinical presentations. A thorough knowledge of normal anatomy and variations of the caecum and appendix is very important to the surgeon performing abdominal operations in adults, children and infants as it helps them to make optimal diagnosis of various pathological conditions related to these organs and treat accordingly.

scholarly journals A comprehensive review of the anatomical variations in the right atrium and their clinical significance

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 100046
Author(s):  
Rafik Shereen ◽  
Sang Lee ◽  
Sonja Salandy ◽  
Wallisa Roberts ◽  
Marios Loukas
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Right Atrium ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals Morphological and Morphometric Study of Pterion in Adult Dry Human Skulls

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Ananya Priya ◽  
Anjali Jain
Keyword(s):  
Middle Meningeal Artery ◽  
Zygomatic Arch ◽  
Mastoid Process ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Anterior Branch ◽  
Bony Landmarks ◽  
Human Skulls ◽  
The Right ◽  
Superior Margin

Introduction: Pterion is significant bony landmark because it commonly lies near the anterior branch of middle meningeal artery as well as Broca’s Area. The aim is to study the types of pterion and measure the distance from various bony landmarks on skull to the midpoint of pterion. Subjects and Methods: This study was performed on 70 adult dry human skulls of unknown age and sex. Types and location of pterion was observed bilaterally. Measurements were taken in millimeter using digital Vernier caliper from midpoint of pterion to i) fronto-zygomatic suture ii) middle of zygomatic arch iii) tip of mastoid process iv) glabella v) antero-superior margin of external acoustic meatus vi) Asterion. Results: We observed five types of pterion: spheno-parietal, fronto-temporal, stellate, epipteric and atypical. Among the skulls studied the most common type was sphenoparietal bilaterally. The mean of distances from midpoint of pterion to fronto-zygomatic suture was, 31.68   5.58 mm and 31.18 5.82 mm; to the middle of zygomatic arch was 38.87 3.63 mm and 37.84  3.99 mm; to asterion was 83.55  7.22 mm and 85.53  6.88 mm; to external acoustic meatus it was 51.70 3.20 mm and 51.37 3.39mm; to glabella it was 77.24 6.93 mm and 76.44 6.83 mm; to tip of mastoid process it was 80.77 6.10mm on the right side and 79.59 5.70 mm on the left side. Conclusion: Pterion is the most commonly used surface landmark. Findings of present study regarding classification of pterion will be helpful for neurosurgeons, radiologists, anthropologists and forensic pathologists.

scholarly journals Morphometric Study of the Jugular Foramen in Northwest Indian Population

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjali Aggarwal ◽  
Tulika Gupta ◽  
Harjeet Kaur ◽  
Anjali Singla ◽  
Daisy Sahni
Keyword(s):  
Indian Population ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Styloid Process ◽  
Jugular Foramen ◽  
Occipital Condyle ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Carotid Canal ◽  
Jugular Fossa ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACT Context Most of the approaches for skull base surgeries are designed to drill the bone around the jugular foramen for proper exposure. In order to achieve this, an understanding of normal morphometric dimensions of jugular foramen is necessary. Aim To conduct the morphometric analysis and anatomical variations of jugular foramen (JF) in Northwest Indian population. Settings and design Anatomic study using human skulls. Materials and methods Anteroposterior and mediolateral diameter of jugular foramen, depth (if domed) and width of jugular fossa were measured with the help of digital vernier caliper. Statistical analysis used The mean, standard deviation (SD) and range of each dimension was computed. A comparison between right and left jugular foramina was made by using student's t-test. Results Mediolateral diameter of jugular foramen and width of jugular fossa was significantly higher on the right side. An abnormal unilateral blockage of jugular foramen by a bone growth converting it into a slit was noted with anteroposterior (AP) diameter of 2.37 mm in one skull. Bilateral complete septation of jugular foramen into two and three compartments was observed in 2 (4%) and 3 (6%) of the skulls respectively. The domed bony roof was noticed in 66% of the skulls on both the sides. Conclusion The observed variations of JF are possibly due to constitutional, racial or genetic factors. Knowledge of the observed variations of this foramen may be important for neurosurgeons, radiologists and anthropologists. Key message The total subdivision of jugular foramen is not common in our environment. The jugular foramen is generally larger on right side. This study supports reported morphometric variations of jugular foramen, besides adding data on the Northwest Indian population. Abbreviation CC: carotid canal; BO: basi-occiput; OC: occipital condyle; JF: jugular foramen; S: styloid process. How to cite this article Singla A, Sahni D, Aggarwal A, Gupta T, Kaur H. Morphometric Study of the Jugular Foramen in Northwest Indian Population. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2012;46(4):165-171.

scholarly journals Morphometric study of depth of acetabulum

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 3837
Author(s):  
Leena Khobragade ◽  
P. Vatsalaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Acetabular Reconstruction ◽  
Acetabular Bone ◽  
Bone Deficiency ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

Background: Anatomy of the hip must be taken into account to study the anatomy of various surgical approaches. Reconstruction of the acetabulum in patients with significant acetabular bone deficiency remains a major challenge in revision total hip arthroplasty. Appropriate anatomic concepts for surgery to treat femoroacetabular impingement require a precise appreciation of the native acetabular anatomy. Since the acetabulum is not always of same shape, width or depth, joint congruences are frequent with minor anatomical variations in the shape of the acetabulum. Hence the present study was undertaken as controversies still exist on the importance of these variations and to prevent problems following surgical procedures such as acetabular reconstruction and femoroacetabular impingement.Methods: Material of the study consisted of 110 human hip bones (60 males and 50 females). Depth of Acetabulum (DA) was measured on these hip bones on both the sides. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) version 11 and Microsoft Excel 2007.Results: The mean depth of acetabulum in male was 26.89 mm and female was 25.31 mm. The mean depth of acetabulum on right side was 26.24 mm and left side was 26.11 mm. Depth of the acetabulum was greater in males as compared to females and the differences were statistically significant. Depth was greater on the right side as compared to the left side but the difference was statistically non-significant.Conclusions: Depth of the acetabulum was greater in males as compared to females.

Carotid endarterectomy in patients with foetal-type posterior circle of Willis: Is there an indication for local anaesthesia?

VASA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 404-407
Author(s):  
Maras ◽  
Tzormpatzoglou ◽  
Papas ◽  
Papanas ◽  
Kotsikoris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Endarterectomy ◽  
Local Anaesthesia ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Circle Of Willis ◽  
Variable Degree ◽  
Operative Complications ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ica Stenosis ◽  
Symptomatic Stenosis

Foetal-type posterior circle of Willis is a common anatomical variation with a variable degree of vessel asymmetry. In patients with this abnormality, carotid endarterectomy (CEA) may create cerebral hypo-perfusion intraoperatively, and this may be underestimated under general anaesthesia. There is currently no evidence that anatomical variations in the circle of Willis represent an independent risk factor for stroke. Moreover, there is a paucity of data on treating patients with such anatomical variations and co-existing ICA stenosis. We present a case of CEA under local anaesthesia (LA) in a 52-year-old female patient with symptomatic stenosis of the right ICA and coexistent foetal-type posterior circle of Willis. There were no post-operative complications and she was discharged free from symptoms. She was seen again 3 months later and was free from complications. This case higlights that LA should be strongly considered to enable better intra-operative neurological monitoring in the event of foetal-type posterior circle of Willis.

Morphometric study of sacral hiatus and its clinical significance in coastal Odisha population

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. S68-S69
Author(s):  
R. Gurudiwan ◽  
C. Mohapatra ◽  
C. Sarangi ◽  
R. Biswal ◽  
M. Panda
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Sacral Hiatus

Clinical significance of acetylcholinesterase activity in brain tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 718-721
Author(s):  
Larisa Mikhailovna Obukhova ◽  
I. A. Medyanik ◽  
K. N. Kontorshchikova ◽  
S. A. Simagina ◽  
L. T. Musaelyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Acetyl Cholinesterase ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
The Brain

It has been established that the non-neuronal cholinergic system is related to the oncogenesis which increases the attractiveness of its components as the promising markers of oncologic diseases. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the clinical significance of the analysis of the activity of acetyl cholinesterase as a new marker of gliomas. The activity of acetyl cholinesterase was assessed by photo colorimetric analysis according to the Hestrin method recalculating the activity of the enzyme in the tumor tissue per 1 g of protein, and in the blood - by 0.1 g of hemoglobin. The data obtained in the primary tumors of the brain (28) in the tissue of the brain of persons who died as a result of injury (6) and in whole blood of patients with gliomas (28) and practically healthy people (10) were compared with the use of a number of statistical programs. A significant decrease in the activity of acetyl cholinesterase in tumor tissue and in whole blood is revealed as the degree of anaplasia of tumors increases, starting with Grade II. It is for the first time that a significant direct correlation was noted showing the consistency between the decrease in the activity of acetyl cholinesterase in the tumor tissue of the brain and blood. Bioinformatic analysis showed the connection of the enzyme of acetyl cholinesterase with proteins of the PI3K-AKT and Notch signaling pathways providing antiapoptotic and proliferative effects. The found dependences provide new insights into understanding of the mechanisms of gliomas genesis and can be used for selection of new diagnostic markers of brain tumors.

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