scholarly journals Morphological and Morphometric Study of Pterion in Adult Dry Human Skulls

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Ananya Priya ◽  
Anjali Jain
Keyword(s):  
Middle Meningeal Artery ◽  
Zygomatic Arch ◽  
Mastoid Process ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Anterior Branch ◽  
Bony Landmarks ◽  
Human Skulls ◽  
The Right ◽  
Superior Margin

Introduction: Pterion is significant bony landmark because it commonly lies near the anterior branch of middle meningeal artery as well as Broca’s Area. The aim is to study the types of pterion and measure the distance from various bony landmarks on skull to the midpoint of pterion. Subjects and Methods: This study was performed on 70 adult dry human skulls of unknown age and sex. Types and location of pterion was observed bilaterally. Measurements were taken in millimeter using digital Vernier caliper from midpoint of pterion to i) fronto-zygomatic suture ii) middle of zygomatic arch iii) tip of mastoid process iv) glabella v) antero-superior margin of external acoustic meatus vi) Asterion. Results: We observed five types of pterion: spheno-parietal, fronto-temporal, stellate, epipteric and atypical. Among the skulls studied the most common type was sphenoparietal bilaterally. The mean of distances from midpoint of pterion to fronto-zygomatic suture was, 31.68   5.58 mm and 31.18 5.82 mm; to the middle of zygomatic arch was 38.87 3.63 mm and 37.84  3.99 mm; to asterion was 83.55  7.22 mm and 85.53  6.88 mm; to external acoustic meatus it was 51.70 3.20 mm and 51.37 3.39mm; to glabella it was 77.24 6.93 mm and 76.44 6.83 mm; to tip of mastoid process it was 80.77 6.10mm on the right side and 79.59 5.70 mm on the left side. Conclusion: Pterion is the most commonly used surface landmark. Findings of present study regarding classification of pterion will be helpful for neurosurgeons, radiologists, anthropologists and forensic pathologists.

scholarly journals Morphometric Study of Pterion in Dry Human Skull at Medical College of Eastern Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-219
Author(s):  
Umesh Kumar Mehta ◽  
Arun Dhakal ◽  
Surya Bahadur Parajuli ◽  
Sanjib Kumar Sah
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Lateral Side ◽  
Lateral Aspect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Bony Landmarks ◽  
Human Skulls ◽  
The Right

Background: The pterion is defined as an H shaped sutural confluence present on the lateral side of the skull. This pterion junction has been used as a common extra-cranial landmark for surgeons in microsurgical and surgical approaches towards important pathologies of this region. Methods:This is ananalytical cross sectional study conducted at Department of Anatomy, Birat Medical College & Teaching Hospital, Tankisinuwari, Morang, Nepal. Total enumeration technique was used to collect samples where 31 dry human skulls of unknown age and sex were taken. The sutural pattern and location of the pterion was determined and measured on both sides of each skull using digitalvernier caliper. Results: Three types of sutural patterns of pterion were observed. Among them, Sphenoparietal type was higher in frequency.The frequency was 26 (83.8%) on the right side and 24 (77.4%) on the left side. The distance between the centre of pterion to the midpoint of upper border of zygomatic arch was 3.82±0.3 cm on the right side and 3.8±0.29 cm on the left side. The distance between the centre of pterion to the postero-lateral aspect of fronto-zygomatic suture was 3.02±0.23 cmon the right side and 3.0±0.23 cm on the left side. Conclusions: The information of thesutural pattern and the location of the pterion from the different bony landmarks of our study may be useful for anthropologists and neurosurgeons.

scholarly journals Anatomical and Morphometric Study of Optic Foramen in North Indian Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 053-056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajay Kumar ◽  
Alok Tripathi ◽  
Shilpi Jain ◽  
Satyam Khare ◽  
Ram Kumar Kaushik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Middle Cranial Fossa ◽  
Optic Canal ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Petrous Temporal Bone ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Human Skulls ◽  
The Right

Abstract Introduction Optic canal connects orbit to middle cranial fossa. Optic nerve and ophthalmic artery pass through this canal. The aim of the present study is to make morphometric and anatomical observations of endocranial opening of optic canal. Materials and Methods The observations were conducted on 30 dry adult human skulls. The observations were made on shape, margins, confluence, septations, dimensions, and distance of optic foramen from apex of petrous temporal bone. Result and Statistical Analysis On morphometric observation, transverse diameter (TD) was 6.00 mm and 6.15 mm on the left and the right side, respectively. The vertical diameter (VD) was 5.14 mm on the left side and 4.82 mm on the right side. The distance of optic foramen to apex of petrous temporal bone was 21.84 mm on the left side and 21.90 mm on the right side. The mean, standard deviation, range, and p value were measured by using SPSS software version 19.00. Conclusion In the present study we attempt to provide a comprehensive anatomical and morphometric data of optic foramen that may help ophthalmologists and neurosurgeons during surgery.

Surface Landmarks for the Junction Between The transverse and Sigmoid Sinuses: Application of the “Strategic” Burr Hole for Suboccipital Craniotomy

2009 ◽  
Vol 65 (suppl_6) ◽  
pp. ons37-ons41 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shane Tubbs ◽  
Marios Loukas ◽  
Mohammadali M. Shoja ◽  
Michael P. Bellew ◽  
Aaron A. Cohen- Gadol
Keyword(s):  
Sigmoid Sinus ◽  
Zygomatic Arch ◽  
Burr Hole ◽  
Mastoid Process ◽  
Horizontal Line ◽  
Surgical Morbidity ◽  
Bony Landmarks ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Burr Holes

Abstract Objective: Localization of internal cranial anatomy based on superficial landmarks is paramount in identifying and avoiding various important structures and, thus, decreasing surgical morbidity. We have studied external skull bony landmarks to facilitate the placement of the initial “strategic” burr hole just inferior and medial to the junction of transverse- sigmoid venous sinuses during standard retrosigmoid craniotomy. Methods: One hundred adult skulls (200 sides) underwent intracranial drilling of a small hole from the inside surface of the cranium, 5 mm inferior and medial to the border of the transverse sigmoid sinus junction (defined as the ideal location for the center of the strategic burr hole). Localization of this hole from the external surface of the skull was made based on easily identifiable superficial landmarks, including the mastoid process and zygomatic arch. A horizontal line was established parallel to the superior border of the zygomatic arch (“zygomatic line”), and a vertical line was fashioned by connecting the mastoid notch superiorly to the squamosal suture (“mastoid line”). Results: For left sides, 81% of the strategic burr holes were inferior to the zygomatic line and 86% were medial to the mastoid line. For right sides, 91% of the strategic burr holes were inferior to the zygomatic line and 97% were medial to the mastoid line. For left and right sides, the mean distance for the center of the burr holes from the zygomatic line was 4.5 and 7.7 mm, respectively. For left and right sides, the mean distance from the mastoid line was 9.1 and 9.8 mm, respectively. Conclusion: Because landmark data in the literature for externally identifying the transverse sigmoid sinus junction is variable, we have attempted to refine this location with the largest sample size to date. These data can assist surgeons to localize the external cranial projection of the area just inferior and medial to the junction between the transverse and sigmoid sinuses when image guidance devices are not available. This localization is important in creation of appropriate size for craniotomy/craniectomy during the posterolateral approaches to the cranial base.

scholarly journals Morphometric Study of Jugular Foramen and Jugular Fossa of Dried Adult Human Skulls and Its Clinical Significance

2019 ◽  
Vol 08 (04) ◽  
pp. 160-164
Author(s):  
Govindarajan Amudha ◽  
Chandrasekaran Nandhini Aishwarya ◽  
Deborah Joy Hepzibah ◽  
Vaujapuri Anandhavadivel Kesavan ◽  
Anaimalai Kandavadivelu Manicka Vasuki
Keyword(s):  
Internal Jugular Vein ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Jugular Foramen ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Inferior Petrosal Sinus ◽  
Jugular Fossa ◽  
Human Skulls ◽  
The Right

Abstract Introduction Jugular foramen is one of the most fascinating foramina of the human skull. It is a complex, irregular bony canal located between the occipital bone and petrous part of the temporal bone. Many important structures, like 9th, 10th, 11th cranial nerves, meningeal branch of occipital and ascending pharyngeal arteries, internal jugular vein, and inferior petrosal sinus, are passing through it. The jugular fossa has a septum and a dome. The septum divides the foramen into two compartments: anteromedial compartment (pars nervosa) and posterolateral compartment (pars vascularis). The dome contains superior bulb of internal jugular vein. The architecture of the foramen varies in size, shape, and laterality besides differences related to sex and race. The morphometric measurements of jugular foramen are very important for neurosurgeries and head and neck surgeries. Objectives The aim of the present study is to study the morphology of jugular foramen along with its dimensions, compartments, presence of partial or complete septa and dome. Materials and Methods A total number of 60 jugular foramina were examined from 30 adult dry human skulls of unknown age and sex from the Department of Anatomy, PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore. Measurements were taken using Digital Vernier calipers. Results were analyzed statistically. Results The length, width, and surface area of jugular foramen of right side were measured and compared with the left side. Length and width of the jugular foramen was significantly higher on the right side. The presence of partial septum was found in 27 skulls (90%) on the right side and 29 skulls (99.7%) on the left side, respectively. Dome was present in 100% of the jugular foramina on the right side and 90% of the jugular foramina on the left side. Separate opening for inferior petrosal sinus was found in eight skulls (27%) on the right side and four skulls (13%) on the left side. Conclusion This study provides a clear understanding of anatomy of jugular foramen and supports the reported morphometric variations. The morphometric variations of jugular foramen in the parameters of the skull are probably due to ethnic and racial factors. Knowledge of these variations is important for neurosurgeons and radiologists who deal with space occupying lesions of the structures surrounding jugular foramen. This study may be helpful for ENT surgeons while performing middle ear surgeries.

scholarly journals Meningo-Orbital Foramen in South Gujarat population

2018 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 012-016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umesh P Modasiya ◽  
Sanjaykumar Kanani
Keyword(s):  
Ophthalmic Artery ◽  
Epidural Hematoma ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Middle Meningeal Artery ◽  
Human Origin ◽  
Superior Orbital Fissure ◽  
Human Skulls ◽  
The Right ◽  
Meningeal Artery

Abstract Background & Aims: Meningo-orbital foramen is provides a route for an anastomosis between the meningo-orbital branch of the middle meningeal artery and recurrent meningeal branch of ophthalmic artery. Practical importance is emphasized when the middle meningeal artery has abnormal origin, in the cases of subtemporal epidural hematoma, tumors, vascular malformations and in the cases when the foramen spinosum is absent. Present study was undertaken in order to explore the frequency and positional anatomy of this foramen in ninety dry adult human skulls of south Gujarat population. Material & Method: This study was conducted on 90 dry skulls of human origin. Different parameters were noted. Result: Meningo-orbital foramen was absent bilaterally in 35[38.88%] of the skulls studied .The presence of the Meningo-orbital foramen was detected in the 55[61.11%] cases. It was present unilaterally in 30[33.33%] cases [10 on the right and 20 on the left side], and bilaterally in 25[27.77%] cases. Triple MOF were in 2 skulls on right orbit only. Largest variability was noted for distance from the lateral end of the superior orbital fissure. Conclusion: Knowledge of presence and variation in meningo-orbital foramen's anatomical parameter can be crucial for ophthalmologists and neurosurgeons.

scholarly journals Bony Canals Along The Course of Middle Meningeal Artery In Dry Skulls

2012 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 019-023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bindu Aggarwal ◽  
Madhur Gupta ◽  
Harsh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Middle Cranial Fossa ◽  
Middle Meningeal Artery ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Posterior Branch ◽  
Anterior Branch ◽  
Bony Canal ◽  
Subdural Hemorrhages ◽  
The Right ◽  
Meningeal Artery

Abstract Background : The middle meningeal artery courses in the middle cranial fossa and divides into two or three branches. The branches of the artery are sometimes enclosed within a bony canal. The artery and its branches are likely to get tom in cases of epidural hematomas and may require ligation. Aims: The aim of the study is to report the variations in the branching pattern of middle meningeal artery and incidence of bony canals along the course of these branches. Materials: The study material consisted of 77 bases of dry skulls (154 sides) and the findings were supplemented with dissection of four cadaveric skulls. Results and Conclusions : The length of stem of middle meningeal artery, from foramen spinosum to its division into branches varied from 0.56 to 5.83 mm on the right side and 0.58- 7.53mm on the left. The mean length of the stem was 3.04 on the right side and 3.01 on the left (S D ± 1.4). The middle meningeal artery divided into anterior and posterior branches in all the sides of skull. A middle branch constituting a third branch of middle meningeal artery was observed in 44.15% (68 sides) which arose either from its anterior 35.29% (24 sides) or posterior branch 64.71 % (44 sides). Bony canals were observed in 39.61 % (61 sides). The anterior branch was enclosed in a bony canal in 37.66% (58 sides) and the posterior branch in 1.94% (3 sides). The variations in the course, branching pattern and bony canals along middle meningeal artery are of clinical significance while treating extradural and subdural hemorrhages as due to these variations and presence of bony canal in course of middle meningeal artery, ligation of the vessel may be totally or partially insufficient.

scholarly journals MORPHOMETRIC STUDY OF PTERION AND ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Gyanaranjan Nayak ◽  
Biswa Bhusan Mohanty ◽  
Saurjya Ranjan Das
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Zygomatic Arch ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Common Variety ◽  
The Right ◽  
Age And Sex

  Objective: Pterion is an area formed by the union of frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones. It exhibits variations in the sutural pattern of fusion of constituent bones. Basing on this, the pterion can be classified into four varieties. According to Murphy, these are sphenoparietal, frontotemporal, stellate, and epipteric. The anatomical location of the pterion is necessary for the surgical management of extradural hemorrhage, aneurysm, and brain tumors located in the anterior and middle cranial fossae.The purpose of this study is to find out the prevalence of different varieties of pterion and determine the position of pterion using anatomical landmarks.Methods: The present study included fifty skulls of unknown age and sex. The skulls were studied macroscopically for the anatomical variations of pterion. The distance between the center of the pterion to the midpoint of zygomatic arch and pterion to the frontozygomatic suture was measured using Vernier calipers.Results: The sphenoparietal variety was the most common variety of pterion found in the study followed by the epipteric variety and the stellate variety, respectively. The distance between pterion and back of the frontozygomatic suture was found to be 3.48 ± 0.21 cm on the right side and 3.41 ± 0.16 cm on the left side. The distance between pterion and the midpoint of upper border of the zygomatic arch was found to be 4.01 ± 0.19 cm on the right side and 3.94 ± 0.2 cm on the left side.Conclusion: The findings will be helpful for radiologists and neurosurgeons.

scholarly journals Sexing the human skull through the mastoid process

2003 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Airton Saavedra de Paiva ◽  
Marco Segre
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Mastoid Process ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Human Skull ◽  
Minimum Value ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Human Skulls ◽  
The Right

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the significance for sex determination of the measurement of the area formed by the xerographic projection of 3 craniometric points related to the mastoid process: the porion, asterion, and mastoidale points. METHOD: Sixty skulls, 30 male and 30 female, were analyzed. A xerographic copy of each side of the skull was obtained. On each xerographic copy, the craniometric points were marked to demarcate a triangle. The area (mm²) of the demarcated triangle for each side of the skull (right (D) and left (E) sides) was determined, and the total value of these measures (T) was calculated. RESULTS: Concerning the right area of the male and female skulls, 60% of the values overlapped; for the left area, 51.67% overlapped, and for the total area, 36.67% overlapped. The analysis of the differences between the sexes in the areas studied was significant for the 3 areas. Regarding the total area, which is the preferred measurement because of the asymmetry between the sides of the skull, the value of the mean was 1505.32 mm² for male skulls, which was greater than the maximum value obtained in the female skulls. The value of the mean for female skulls was 1221.24 mm², less than the minimum value obtained for the male skulls. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates a significant result in the 3 studied areas, (D), (E), and (T). The total area values show less overlapping of values between the sexes, and therefore can be used for sexing human skulls. For the population studied, values of the total area that were greater than or equal to 1447.40 mm² belonged to male crania (95% confidence). Values for this area that were less than or equal to 1260.36 mm² belonged to female crania (95% confidence).

scholarly journals Comparative morphometric study of the sigmoid sinus sulcus and the jugular foramen

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 694-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Pereira Ramos Junior ◽  
Sebastião Natanael da Silva Gusmão ◽  
Jair Leopoldo Raso ◽  
Arthur Adolfo Nicolato ◽  
Marcileia Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jugular Foramen ◽  
Sigmoid Sinus ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Human Skulls ◽  
The Right

Objective To compare the right and left sides of the same skulls as far as the described landmarks are concerned, and establish the craniometric differences between them. Method We carried out measurements in 50 adult dry human skulls comparing both sides. Results The sigmoid sinus width at the sinodural angle level was larger on the right side in 78% of the cases and at the level of the digastric notch in 72%. The jugular foramen width was also larger on the right side in 84% of the cases. The sigmoid sinus distance at the level of the digastric notch was larger on the right side in 64% of the cases, and the sigmoid sinus distance at the level of the digastric notch to the jugular foramen was larger on the right side in 70% of the cases. Conclusion Significant craniometric differences were found between both sides of the same skulls.

scholarly journals A Morphometric Study of Stylomastoid Foramen with Its Clinical Applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddharth Tewari ◽  
Chandni Gupta ◽  
Vikram Palimar
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Nerve Block ◽  
Jugular Foramen ◽  
Mastoid Process ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Anterior Border ◽  
Stylomastoid Foramen ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background To prevent damage to the facial nerve while doing surgery and to give facial nerve block by anesthetics near the stylomastoid foramen we should know its distance from the important anatomical landmarks. So, this study aims to study the location of stylomastoid with respect to nearby anatomical landmarks. Materials and Method The study was performed on 58 dry skulls. Measurements of stylomastoid foramen were taken from various anatomical landmarks on both sides of the skull. Data analysis was done by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 19 version. Results The mean distance of the center of the stylomastoid foramen (CSMF) to the tip of the mastoid process was 1.60, 1.57 cm on the right and left side, respectively. The mean distance of CSMF to the upper end of the anterior border of the mastoid process was 1.42, 1.39 cm on the right and left side, respectively. The mean angle between CSMF and tip of the mastoid process was 51.6 degrees, 53.5 degrees on right and left side, respectively. The mean distance of CSMF to the center of jugular foramen was 1.27, 1.26 cm on the right and left side, respectively. The position of the stylomastoid foramen in relation to a transverse line passing through the upper end of the anterior border of both mastoid processes was anterior in 82.7%, 94.8% of cases on the right and left side, respectively. Conclusion These measurements will aid neurosurgeons in doing surgeries near the stylomastoid foramen or anesthetics to give facial nerve block near the foramen.

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