scholarly journals THE THE EFFECT OF ALMOND OIL ON THE PERMEABILITY OF KETOPROFEN HYDROGEL

2019 ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
ZAHRAA ALAA HASAN ◽  
JINAN MUHAMMED MUHSIN AL-MOUSAWY ◽  
HAMID SADEQ KHALEEL ALGHURABI
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Penetration Enhancer ◽  
Release Kinetic ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Almond Oil ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Carbopol 940 ◽  
Hydrogel Formulation

Objective: The object of this study is to formulate ketoprofen hydrogels and to evaluate their permeability following the incorporation of almond oil as a penetration enhancer. Methods: Five formulas (F2-F6) of ketoprofen hydrogels were formulated with the employment of carbopol 940 and triethanolamine. A gradual increase in the amount of almond oil was used in each formula. In vitro penetration and release kinetic study was conducted for all the formulations and compared with the control formula (F1) which was prepared without the incorporation of almond oil. Results: There was a strong positive correlation between % of incorporated almond oil and the % of drug released when the samples were compared with F1 that was formulated without almond oil. After 24 h, 90% of medication was penetrated from ketoprofen hydrogel formulation (F6), which had 5% almond oil. Conclusion: Almond oil has successfully worked as a natural penetration enhancer when five ketoprofen hydrogel formulations were prepared and evaluated.

The Strong Positive Correlation between Factor VII Clotting Activity Using Bovine Thromboplastin and the Activated Factor VII Level

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (03) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuomi Kario ◽  
Takefumi Matsuo ◽  
Reiko Asada ◽  
Toshiyuki Sakata ◽  
Hisao Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Bovine Brain ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Rabbit Brain ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Chromogenic Substrate ◽  
Moderate Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Activated Factor Vii

SummaryWe compared factor VII clotting activity (FVIIc) assays using different thromboplastins to determine which is the most sensitive for activated FVII (FVIIa) or for FVII antigen (FVIIag). FVIIc levels were measured using thromboplastins derived from bovine brain (FVIIc Bov), human placenta (FVIIc Hum), and rabbit brain (FVIIc Rab). FVIIa levels were measured by fluorogenic assays using human soluble tissue factor (rsTF) or bovine rsTF. We also measured FVII activity by an amidolytic assay (FVIIc:am Hum) using human thromboplastin and a chromogenic substrate for thrombin. FVIIag levels were determined by ELISA. In the FVIIa assay, the reaction time obtained from using bovine rsTF was shorter than that with human rsTF, suggesting that the interaction of plasma FVIIa with bovine rsTF was stronger than with human rsTF. The plasma FVIIa levels measured using human rsTF and bovine rsTF were almost the same (r=0.947, p<0.0001). Among the three FVIIc assays, FVIIc Bov had the strongest positive correlation with the plasma FVIIa level (r=0.886, p<0.000l), but had no correlation with FVIIag. An increase of 1 ng/ml in the plasma FVIIa level yielded a 27.9% increase of FVIIc Bov. Plasma FVIIc Hum and FVIIc:am Hum showed moderate correlations with both FVIIa (r=0.520, p<0.02 and r=0.569, p<0.01, respectively) and FVIIag (r=0.438, p<0.05 and r=0.468, p<0.05, respectively). FVIIc Rab had the lowest correlation with FVIIa (r=0.367, p<0.1), but had a moderate correlation with FVIIag (r=0.436, p<0.05). After in vitro cold activation, FVIIc Bov levels increased the most and FVIIc:am levels showed the least change. These findings indicate that consideration of the thromboplastin used for assay is necessary when assessing the clinical significance of FVII activity as a cardiovascular risk factor.

An Innovative Approach for Development and Evaluation of Nanosized Lamotrigine Loaded Bionanoparticles Using Biopolymer from Fragaria × ananassa Fruit

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 4990-4999
Author(s):  
Sushant Kumar ◽  
Satheesh Madhav N V ◽  
Anurag Verma ◽  
Kamla Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Kinetic Study ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Release Kinetic ◽  
Fruit Pulp ◽  
Fragaria Ananassa ◽  
Release Study ◽  
Vitro Release

The purpose of this research was to isolate the smart biopolymer from the fruit pulp of Fragaria × ananassa (garden strawberry). We isolated natural fruit pulp to evaluate the potentiality of biopolymer in delivery of nanosized lamotrigine as an antiepileptic drug. Lamotrigine was nanosized by screening its nano-size particle by UV method. The nanosized lamotrigine was used for preparation of bionanoparticles (LF1-LF8) by sonication method. The isolated biopolymer was characterized for DSC, FTIR, NMR, Mass and Zeta particle size analysis. The obtained results confirm its polymeric nature in different analysis. The prepared bionanoparticles showed the release of lamotrigine in sustained manner over 36 hours. The release kinetic study was done by using the BIT-SOFT 1.12 software and T50% and T80%, r2 were calculated. All the formulation showed more than 99.78% drug release. The In-vitro release study of different formulations showed the % drug release from 90.92% to 99.78%. The different formulations were evaluated for the In-vitro release study and release kinetic was studied. The formulation LF5 was found to be the best formulation having T50% of 17 hours and T80% of 29 hours with r2 value of 0.9925. The best formulation LF5 showed up to 90.925% drug release over 36 hours. According to the release kinetic study, the best-fit model was found to be Koresmayer-Peppas and the mechanism of drug release was found to be anomalous transport. The results obtained from different evaluations like percentage entrapment efficiency, particle size, release study, kinetic studies and stability study revealed that isolated biopolymer has good potentiality to form bionanoparticles and it can be safely used as an alternative to synthetic and semisynthetic polymers for the preparation of lamotrigine loaded stable bionanoparticles

scholarly journals (252) Correlation of Pungency, Thiosulfinates, Antiplatelet Activity, and Total Soluble Solids in Two Garlic Families

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1019E-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Cavagnaro ◽  
Douglas Senalik ◽  
Claudio Galmarini ◽  
Philipp Simon
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Organosulfur Compounds ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Antiplatelet Activity ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Solids Content

Allium plants possess organosulfur compounds and carbohydrates that provide unique flavor and health-enhancing properties. In previous studies of onion F3 families, significant phenotypic and genetic correlations have been reported between pungency, in vitro antiplatelet activity (IVAA), and soluble solids content (SSC); although in other studies SSC and pungency have not always been correlated. In this study we analyzed SSC, pungency, garlic-induced in vitro antiplatelet activity and the content of three predominant thiosulfinates in bulbs from two garlic families obtained from unrelated self-pollinated plants. A strong positive correlation was observed between pungency and IVAA for both sample sets, indicating that it will be difficult to develop garlic populations with low pungency and high IVAA. Allicin was the most abundant thiosulfinate and its content was positively correlated with pungency and IVAA (r= 0.70 and 0.74, respectively). The thiosulfinates AllS(O)SPropenyl and AllS(O)SMe were also positively correlated with pungency and IVAA. When compared with IVAA, AllS(O)SMe had higher r values than AllS(O)SPropenyl (0.88 and 0.50, respectively). These differences could reflect differential platelet anti-aggregatory properties of different thiosulfinates. SSC was not correlated with IVAA, pungency, or thiosulfinates content, suggesting that soluble solids in garlic can be independently selected.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ANTIFUNGAL NANOGEL FOR TOPICAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-134
Author(s):  
ANASUYA PATIL ◽  
PRANOTI KONTAMWAR
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Release Kinetic ◽  
Topical Formulation ◽  
Ciclopirox Olamine ◽  
Carbopol 940 ◽  
Vitro Release

Objective: Ciclopirox olamine has been used as antifungal agent. It is used as topical formulation because oral route causes irritation and ulceration of GIT. In this research work, antifungal nanogel formulated to reduce size of particle, improve in-vitro release and in-vivo release. Methods: Ciclopirox olamine nanogel was prepared by homogenization technique and incorporation of gelling agent to produce nanogel. Ciclopirox olamine nanogel formulated using Carbopol 940. Results: Antigungal Nanogels (F1-F6) were subjected to FT-IR analysis and showed no interaction between the drug and excipients. The best formulation (F6) elicited the high in-vitro release of 83.42 % at 8 hours; zeta-potential and particle size, obtained values were 230 nm and -27 mV correspondingly. In-vitro release kinetic models were shown that formulation-F6 follows First-order kinetics and high regression coefficient value r2 0.9866. SEM image of the best formulation-F6 depicts that no breakage of nanogel. The differential scanning calorimetry thermogram of ciclopirox olamine was found to be 140.09.7°C. The DSC thermogram of physical mixture of carbopol 940 and Euragit-S 100 was found to be 1290C and 218 0C. DSC study of nanogel (F6) showed no interaction between drug and excipients. The best formulation-F6 was subjected to in-vivo study on mice which showed better effect in treating dermatitis. Conclusion: It would be concluded that the best formulation-F6 which elicited better in-vitro drug release and enhanced dermatitis scoring. Keywords: Ciclopirox-olamine, Eudragit-S100, Glycerol, Dermatitis, Carbopol-940, Cellophane membrane.

scholarly journals Long-Term Persistence of Spike Antibody and Predictive Modeling of Antibody Dynamics Following Infection with SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Grandjean ◽  
Anja Saso ◽  
Arturo Torres Ortiz ◽  
Tanya Lam ◽  
James Hatcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Symptom Onset ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
S Protein ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Antibody Dynamics

AbstractBackgroundAntibodies to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been shown to neutralize the virus in-vitro. Similarly, animal challenge models suggest that neutralizing antibodies isolated from SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals prevent against disease upon re-exposure to the virus. Understanding the nature and duration of the antibody response following SARS-CoV-2 infection is therefore critically important.MethodsBetween April and October 2020 we undertook a prospective cohort study of 3555 healthcare workers in order to elucidate the duration and dynamics of antibody responses following infection with SARS-CoV-2. After a formal performance evaluation against 169 PCR confirmed cases and negative controls, the Meso-Scale Discovery assay was used to quantify in parallel, antibody titers to the SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein (N), spike (S) protein and the receptor-binding-domain (RBD) of the S-protein. All seropositive participants were followed up monthly for a maximum of 7 months; those participants that were symptomatic, with known dates of symptom-onset, seropositive by the MSD assay and who provided 2 or more monthly samples were included in the analysis. Survival analysis was used to determine the proportion of sero-reversion (switching from positive to negative) from the raw data. In order to predict long-term antibody dynamics, two hierarchical longitudinal Gamma models were implemented to provide predictions for the lower bound (continuous antibody decay to zero, “Gamma-decay”) and upper bound (decay-to-plateau due to long lived plasma cells, “Gamma-plateau”) long-term antibody titers.ResultsA total of 1163 samples were provided from 349 of 3555 recruited participants who were symptomatic, seropositive by the MSD assay, and were followed up with 2 or more monthly samples. At 200 days post symptom onset, 99% of participants had detectable S-antibody whereas only 75% of participants had detectable N-antibody. Even under our most pessimistic assumption of persistent negative exponential decay, the S-antibody was predicted to remain detectable in 95% of participants until 465 days [95% CI 370-575] after symptom onset. Under the Gamma-plateau model, the entire posterior distribution of S-antibody titers at plateau remained above the threshold for detection indefinitely. Surrogate neutralization assays demonstrated a strong positive correlation between antibody titers to the S-protein and blocking of the ACE-2 receptor in-vitro [R2=0.72, p<0.001]. By contrast, the N-antibody waned rapidly with a half-life of 60 days [95% CI 52-68].DiscussionThis study has demonstrated persistence of the spike antibody in 99% of participants at 200 days following SARS-CoV-2 symptoms and rapid decay of the nucleoprotein antibody. Diagnostic tests or studies that rely on the N-antibody as a measure of seroprevalence must be interpreted with caution. Our lowest bound prediction for duration of the spike antibody was 465 days and our upper bound predicted spike antibody to remain indefinitely in line with the long-term seropositivity reported for SARS-CoV infection. The long-term persistence of the S-antibody, together with the strong positive correlation between the S-antibody and viral surrogate neutralization in-vitro, has important implications for the duration of functional immunity following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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