scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANTICONVULSANT EFFECT OF THE LEAVES OF SAPINDUS EMARGINATUS AND ACORUS CALAMUS IN EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED ANIMAL MODELS OF EPILEPSY

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
PRIYADARSHINI SHOUGRAKPAM ◽  
ABHISHEK BHATTACHARJEE ◽  
NGANGOM GUNINDRO ◽  
SANJENBAM RITA
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Clonic Seizure ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Group V ◽  
Gum Acacia ◽  
Group I ◽  
Seizure Models ◽  
Animal Models Of Epilepsy

Objective: To compare anticonvulsant activity of methanol extracts of Sapindus emarginatus (MESE) and Acorus calamus (MEAC) in experimental seizure models in mice. Methods: Hind limb tonic extension (HLTE) in Maximal electroshock (MES) seizure and clonic seizure in Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) seizure models were assessed. Group I (control) mice received 1% gum acacia in distilled water (1 ml/100 g). Topiramate (50 mg/kg) was administered in group II (standard) animals. Group III and IV mice were treated with 200 and 400 mg/kg of MESE, respectively. Mice in group V and VI were given MEAC at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively. Drugs were given orally suspended in 1% gum acacia suspension (1 ml/100 g) for 7 d. Next day after 1 h of drug administration, the seizure was induced for evaluation. Results: Anticonvulsant property of both extracts was confirmed by reduction (p<0.001) in HLTE phase in MES model; delayed onset of the clonic seizure (p<0.001) and its shortened phase (p<0.001) in PTZ model when compared with the control. MESE-200 mg/kg produced significantly longer (p<0.001) HLTE phase with lower protection (40.34%) among the different doses of the extracts. Clonic seizure onsets and durations in PTZ model were comparable among the different extract-treated groups; however, mortality was higher (66.6%) with MESE-200 mg/kg. Conclusion: Anticonvulsant activity of MESE and MEAC was evident; however, MESE at the dose of 200 mg/kg was less effective.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ROOT OF ACORUS CALAMUS IN ALBINO RATS

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Shipra Kaushik ◽  
Kalpana Gohain
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Maximal Electroshock Seizure ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Electrical Shock ◽  
Seizure Models

Objective: Root of Acorus calamus has been traditionally used as an anticonvulsant. The aim of the study is to assess the anticonvulsant activity of ethanolic extract of A. calamus (EEAC) by maximal electroshock seizure (MES) and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure models on albino (Wistar strain) rats.Methods: Albino rats were taken and divided into five groups, each consisting of five rats both for MES and PTZ model. One group was used as control (normal saline 10 ml/kg), one as standard (phenytoin in MES model/diazepam in PTZ model), and three groups for the test drug (EEAC in the doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg). In MES model, maximal electrical shock of 150 mA was passed for 0.2 s through earlobe electrodes after 30 min of giving the drugs and normal saline. Different stages of convulsions were noted down along with time spent by the animal in each phase of convulsions. In PTZ model, PTZ was injected 30 min after giving the drugs and normal saline, and onset of action and severity of convulsions were noted. Data were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by multiple Dunnett’s test.Results: EEAC dose dependently reduced the duration of tonic hind limb extension in MES model, and there was increase in latency and occurrence of convulsions in PTZ model.Conclusion: EEAC has anticonvulsant activity.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ROOT OF ACORUS CALAMUS IN ALBINO RATS

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Shipra Kaushik ◽  
Kalpana Gohain
Keyword(s):  
Normal Saline ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Acorus Calamus ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Maximal Electroshock Seizure ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Electrical Shock ◽  
Seizure Models

Objective: Root of Acorus calamus has been traditionally used as an anticonvulsant. The aim of the study is to assess the anticonvulsant activity of ethanolic extract of A. calamus (EEAC) by maximal electroshock seizure (MES) and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure models on albino (Wistar strain) rats.Methods: Albino rats were taken and divided into five groups, each consisting of five rats both for MES and PTZ model. One group was used as control (normal saline 10 ml/kg), one as standard (phenytoin in MES model/diazepam in PTZ model), and three groups for the test drug (EEAC in the doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg). In MES model, maximal electrical shock of 150 mA was passed for 0.2 s through earlobe electrodes after 30 min of giving the drugs and normal saline. Different stages of convulsions were noted down along with time spent by the animal in each phase of convulsions. In PTZ model, PTZ was injected 30 min after giving the drugs and normal saline, and onset of action and severity of convulsions were noted. Data were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by multiple Dunnett’s test.Results: EEAC dose dependently reduced the duration of tonic hind limb extension in MES model, and there was increase in latency and occurrence of convulsions in PTZ model.Conclusion: EEAC has anticonvulsant activity.

scholarly journals ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF PORTULACA OLERACEA LINN. AND EUPATORIUM BRIMANICUM DC IN MES INDUCED SEIZURE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-69
Author(s):  
MAYANGLAMBAM MEDHABATI ◽  
LAISHRAM BABYCHA ◽  
ABHISHEK BHATTACHARJEE ◽  
NGANGOM GUNINDRO
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Gum Acacia ◽  
Group I ◽  
Tonic Extension ◽  
Albino Mice

Objective: The study was aimed to evaluate and compare the anticonvulsant activity of aqueous leave extract of Portulaca oleracea Linn. and Eupatorium brimanicum DC in MES model in albino mice. Methods: Aqueous Extracts were prepared by the soxhlet extraction method. MES model was chosen to evaluate anticonvulsant activity. 36 albino mice were selected and divided into 6 groups for this model. Group I received 2% gum acacia 1 ml/100 g orally. Group II received phenytoin-20 mg/kg orally. Group III and IV received 200 and 400 mg/kg of Portulaca oleracea Linn. Respectively. Group V and VI received 200 and 400 mg/kg of Eupatorium brimanicum DC respectively. Results: The extracts didn’t show any toxicity and significantly reduced hind limb tonic extension (HLTE) duration in MES model (50 mA, 0.2 sec) at higher doses. Conclusion: The results suggest Portulaca oleracea Linn. and Eupatorium brimanicum DC extract possess anticonvulsant activity and justify their use in folk medicine.

scholarly journals FLAXSEED OIL ALONE AND AS AN ADJUVANT WITH PHENYTOIN IN MES-INDUCED SEIZURES IN ALBINO RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Rahul H Damodar ◽  
Suneel Kumar Reddy ◽  
Malvika Goyal ◽  
Pradeep B E
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Clonic Seizure ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Righting Reflex

 Objective: The objective of this study to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of flaxseed oil alone and as an adjuvant to phenytoin sodium.Methods: A total of 24 albino rats were used for this study. Four groups - control, standard (phenytoin sodium), test (flaxseed oil), and flaxseed oil along with phenytoin were made with six rats in each group. Maximal electroshock seizures 60-Hz AC of 150 mA intensity for 0.2 s were induced using an electroconvulsiometer with ear electrodes 60 min after oral drug administration. Duration of tonic hind limb extension (THLE) in seconds was used as a measure of seizures induced.Results: The mean duration of THLE in 4 groups was 11.66 (Group I), 5.67 (Group II), 3.85 (Group III), and 2.69 (Group IV). Duration of THLE was reduced in flaxseed oil group (P < 0.000) compared to both control and standard. Other parameters such as regain of righting reflex and recovery time also showed improvement. The group where flaxseed oil was used as an adjuvant to phenytoin also showed significant anticonvulsant activity. It showed a greater reduction in the parameters compared to either drug alone.Conclusion: The study showed that flaxseed oil possesses marked anticonvulsant activity when used alone and as an adjuvant to phenytoin. This study shows the potential of flaxseed oil in generalized tonic-clonic seizure.

scholarly journals ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY OF CITRUS MAXIMUS LEAVES IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Nishanta Thakuria ◽  
Swarnamoni Das ◽  
Babul Dewan
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Maximal Electroshock Seizure ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Seizure Models ◽  
Clonic Convulsions ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACTObjective: To assess the anticonvulsant activity of ethanolic extract of Citrus maximus (EECM) leaves of maximal electroshock seizure (MES) andpentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizure models on albino (Wistar strain) rats and mice.Methods: Anticonvulsant activity was carried out by MES model and PTZ-induced clonic convulsions model; in each model, albino rats (Wistar strain)of either sex were taken and divided into five groups, each consisting of 6 rats. One group was used as control (3% w/v gum acacia), one as standard(phenytoin), and three groups for the test drug of EECM leaves (doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) treatment. The reduction in time or abolition of tonicextensor phase of MES-convulsions was recorded for all the animals. In PTZ model, either delay or complete abolition of convulsions in rats treatedwith diazepam and EECM leaves was noted for all the animals.Result: EECM leaves reduced the extensor phase of convulsion in MES in a dose-dependent manner and decrease in the duration of convulsions in PTZmodel with increasing dose. Anticonvulsant activity was seen maximum at the dose of 200 mg/kg.Conclusions: Thus, from the above two seizure models of MES and PTZ, it can be concluded that EECM leaves have got an anticonvulsant effect in anincreasing dose-dependent manner.Keywords: Anticonvulsant, Citrus maximus, Maximal electroshock seizure, Pentylenetetrazol.

Evaluation of anticonvulsant potential of aqueous methanolic extract and various fractions of Ajuga bracteosa wall

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Sumera Qasim ◽  
Ambreen Malik Uttra ◽  
Umme Habiba Hasan ◽  
Amna Batool
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Gaba Level ◽  
Animal Models Of Epilepsy ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Brain Gaba ◽  
Models Of Epilepsy

We aim to assess the anticonvulsant potential of Ajuga bracteosa Wall. The aqueous methanol extract (30:70) of Ajuga bracteosa and its n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions were prepared. Anticonvulsant effect was evaluated using different animal models of epilepsy. Crude extract along with its fractions at 500 and 1000 mg/kg doses, administered orally to albino mice were appraised against pentylenetetrazole-induced, strychnine-induced and picrotoxin-induced convulsions. Moreover, effect of test substances on brain GABA level and phenobarbitone induced hypnosis was also studied at dose level of 350 and 400 mg/kg. The plant extract and its fractions produced potent dose dependent anticonvulsant activity in all models of epilepsy. In addition, plant extract and fractions increased brain GABA level and potentiated phenobarbitone-induced sleep duration. From the results it can be deduced that Ajuga bracteosa possess potent anticonvulsant activity, supporting its folkloric use in the treatment of epilepsy.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE ANTICONVULSANT EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF CENTELLA ASIATICA IN ALBINO MICE

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 312
Author(s):  
Dipjyoti Deka ◽  
Pinaki Chakravarty ◽  
Ayan Purkayastha
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Absence Seizures ◽  
Seizure Models ◽  
Clonic Convulsions ◽  
One Way Anova

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the antiepileptic activity of aqueous extract of <em>Centella asciatica</em> in maximal electroshock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced convulsions. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods</strong><strong>: </strong>The anticonvulsant activity of leaves of <em>Centella asciatica </em>(200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) in mice was assessed using MES and PTZ induced seizure models. Abolition of tonic hind limb extension (MES and PTZ) and increase in seizure latency (PTZ) when compared to control group, were taken as a measure of protection. Statistical analysis was done using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons test. The test was considered to be significant at p&lt;0.05.</p><p><strong>Results</strong><strong>: </strong>The aqueous extract of <em>Centella asiatica</em> at a dose of 200 mg/kg has abolished tonic hind limb extension in 1 out of 6 animals in MES while there was no anticonvulsant action in PTZ convulsions. At a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight, the aqueous extract of <em>Centella asiatica</em> has shown a significant anticonvulsant effect against both MES and PTZ convulsions, where it has abolished tonic hind limb extension in 4 mice in MES method and in all 6 mices in PTZ method.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong><strong>: </strong>The aqueous extract of <em>Centella asiatica</em> showed efficacy in both MES and PTZ convulsions in mice at a dose of 400 mg/kg. Since the clinical correlates of MES seizures are tonic-clonic convulsions and correlates of PTZ seizures are absence seizures, the aqueous extract of <em>Centella asiatica</em> is likely to be useful in the treatment of tonic-clonic and absence seizures.</p>

scholarly journals New TRPV1 Antagonists as Candidates for Effective Anticonvulsant and Antinociceptive Agents

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Kamiński ◽  
Jakubiec ◽  
Zagaja ◽  
Andres-Mach ◽  
Mogilski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Neurogenic Pain ◽  
Mes Test ◽  
Trpv1 Receptors ◽  
Seizure Models ◽  
The Common ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Epilepsy is recognized as one of the most common neurological disorders with a high risk of drug resistance. Notably, about one-third of the patients with epilepsy are not responsive to pharmacological treatment. Thus, the search for new, more effective anticonvulsants with a novel mechanism of action is undoubtedly necessary. The most recent neurobiological studies implicate central TRPV1 receptors in the induction of epileptic seizures. Moreover, it is suggested that TRPV1 desensitization is one of the crucial mechanisms of action responsible for the anticonvulsant activity of cannabidiol (CBD), which was proven to be effective against drug-resistant epilepsy. Bearing in mind the aforementioned facts, we developed in our recent studies a series of chemically original TRPV1 antagonists. Their structures were designed as integrated hybrids that join on the common chemical template the structural fragments of anticonvulsants identified by our team in the previous studies and known TRPV1 antagonists (described in the literature). As a result, these compounds revealed potent anticonvulsant activity in the preclinical studies using the most widely employed animal seizure models, namely, the maximal electroshock (MES) test, and the psychomotor 6 Hz (32 mA and 44 mA) seizure model in mice. In addition, selected substances demonstrated potent effectiveness by decreasing pain responses in formalin-induced tonic pain, in capsaicin-induced neurogenic pain, as well as in oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain in mice.

scholarly journals Involvement of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors in the Anticonvulsive Effects of Licofelone on Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Clonic Seizure in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Ramtin Gholizadeh ◽  
Zohreh Abdolmaleki ◽  
Taraneh Bahremand ◽  
Mehdi Ghasemi ◽  
Mehdi Gharghabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Clonic Seizure ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
No Production ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Seizure Models ◽  
Clonic Seizures ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effects

Background and Purpose: Licofelone is a dual 5-lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase inhibitor, with well-documented anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, which is used for treatment of osteoarthritis. Recent preclinical studies have also suggested neuroprotective and anti-oxidative properties of this drug in some neurological conditions such as seizure and epilepsy. We have recently demonstrated a role for nitric oxide (NO) signaling in the anti-epileptic activity of licofelone in two seizure models in rodents. Given the important role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) activation in the NO production and its function in the nervous system, in the present study, we further investigated the involvement of NMDAR in the effects of licofelone (1, 3, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [i.p.]) in an in vivo model of seizure in mice.Methods: Clonic seizures were induced in male NMRI mice by intravenous administration of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ).Results: Acute administration of licofelone exerted anticonvulsant effects at 10 (p<0.01) and 20 mg/kg (p<0.001). A combined treatment with sub-effective doses of the selective NMDAR antagonist MK-801 (0.05 mg/kg, i.p.) and licofelone (5 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly (p<0.001) exerted an anticonvulsant effect on the PTZ-induced clonic seizures in mice. Notably, pre-treatment with the NMDAR co-agonist D-serine (30 mg/kg, i.p.) partially hindered the anticonvulsant effects of licofelone (20 mg/kg).Conclusions: Our data suggest a possible role for the NMDAR in the anticonvulsant effects of licofelone on the clonic seizures induced by PTZ in mice.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Anticonvulsant Activity of 80% Methanolic Root Bark Extract and Solvent Fractions of Pentas schimperiana (A. Rich.) Vatke (Rubiaceae) in Swiss Albino Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Nebeyi Fisseha ◽  
Workineh Shibeshi ◽  
Daniel Bisrat
Keyword(s):  
Anticonvulsant Activity ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effect ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Maximal Electroshock ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Substantial Morbidity

Background. Epilepsy is one of the most common serious neurological disorders, responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality due to limited efficacy and negative properties of antiepileptic drugs. Medicinal plants are believed to be an important source of new chemical substances with potential therapeutic effects. Pentas schimperiana (A. Rich.) Vatke is a medicinal plant used in Ethiopian traditional medicine for the treatment of epilepsy. However, it lacks scientific investigation on its anticonvulsant activity. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of 80% methanol root bark extract and solvent fractions of Pentas schimperiana (A. Rich.) Vatke in mice. Methods. Anticonvulsant activity was evaluated by using the pentylenetetrazole and maximal electroshock-induced seizure test. The 80% methanolic root bark extract was subjected to successive fractionation with solvents differing polarity, i.e., chloroform, butanol, and water. The test groups received 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg bodyweight of extract and its solvent fractions. Result. The ME400 and BF400 at the higher dose exhibited a significant ( p < 0.001 ) anticonvulsant effect in both the pentylenetetrazole and maximal electroshock-induced seizure test compared with control. However, chloroform fraction only showed a significant ( p < 0.001 ) anticonvulsant effect in the PTZ-induced seizure test, while aqueous fraction had least anticonvulsant activity in both seizure-induced tests. Phytochemical screening of Pentas schimperiana (A. Rich.) Vatke root bark extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, terpenoids, and tannins. Conclusion. This study indicated that the plant has anticonvulsant activity and is considered as a potential source to develop a new antiepileptic drug.

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