Applications of extracellular vesicles as a drug-delivery system for chronic respiratory diseases

Biomaterials have been the subject of numerous studies to pursue potential therapeutic interventions for a wide variety of disorders and diseases. The physical and chemical properties of various materials have been explored to develop natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic materials with distinct advantages for use as drug delivery systems for the central nervous system (CNS) and non-CNS diseases. In this review, an overview of popular biomaterials as drug delivery systems for neurogenerative diseases is provided, balancing the potential and challenges associated with the CNS drug delivery. As an effective drug delivery system, desired properties of biomaterials are discussed, addressing the persistent challenges such as targeted drug delivery, stimuli responsiveness, and controlled drug release in vivo. Finally, we discuss the prospects and limitations of incorporating extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a drug delivery system and their use for biocompatible, stable, and targeted delivery with limited immunogenicity, as well as their ability to be delivered via a non-invasive approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

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Microbe-derived extracellular vesicles as a smart drug delivery system

Translational and Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.12793/tcp.2018.26.3.103 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 103 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Jinho Yang ◽

Eun Kyoung Kim ◽

Andrea McDowell ◽

Yoon-Keun Kim

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Delivery System ◽

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

Delivery System ◽

Smart Drug ◽

Smart Drug Delivery

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Overview and Update on Methods for Cargo Loading into Extracellular Vesicles

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr9020356 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 356

Author(s):

Yohan Han ◽

Timothy W. Jones ◽

Saugata Dutta ◽

Yin Zhu ◽

Xiaoyun Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Delivery System ◽

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

Delivery System ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Drug Carriers ◽

Biological Information ◽

Therapeutic Drugs ◽

Loading Methods ◽

Novel Drug

The enormous library of pharmaceutical compounds presents endless research avenues. However, several factors limit the therapeutic potential of these drugs, such as drug resistance, stability, off-target toxicity, and inadequate delivery to the site of action. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-delimited particles and are naturally released from cells. Growing evidence shows that EVs have great potential to serve as effective drug carriers. Since EVs can not only transfer biological information, but also effectively deliver hydrophobic drugs into cells, the application of EVs as a novel drug delivery system has attracted considerable scientific interest. Recently, EVs loaded with siRNA, miRNA, mRNA, CRISPR/Cas9, proteins, or therapeutic drugs show improved delivery efficiency and drug effect. In this review, we summarize the methods used for the cargo loading into EVs, including siRNA, miRNA, mRNA, CRISPR/Cas9, proteins, and therapeutic drugs. Furthermore, we also include the recent advance in engineered EVs for drug delivery. Finally, both advantages and challenges of EVs as a new drug delivery system are discussed. Here, we encourage researchers to further develop convenient and reliable loading methods for the potential clinical applications of EVs as drug carriers in the future.

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