scholarly journals COMERCIO EQUITATIVO: TENSIONES Y DESAFÍOS RELACIONADOS CON LA AMPLIACIÓN DE LOS MERCADOS. APROXIMACIÓN EN TÉRMINOS DE DINÁMICA DE ACTORES Y DE GÉNERO

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Sophie Charlier Yépez Del Castillo ◽  
Isabel Yépez Del Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Fair Trade ◽  
Local Development ◽  
International Market ◽  
Progressive Change ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Collective Empowerment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sobre Todo

En esta comunicación se analiza el impacto y las consecuencias de la ampliación de mercados sobre el comercio justo. Fundado sobre principios y normas precisas, el comercio justo de un mercado incipiente se ha convertido en el lapso de diez años en un mercado en plena expansión. Este crecimiento relacionado con la entrada del comercio equitativo en el circuito convencional —sobre todo en los supermercados— ha sido acompañado de un cambio progresivo de los valores del comercio justo. Su apertura al mercado internacional permitió ampliar mercados y desarrollar nuevas competencias. Pero igualmente se crearon tensiones entre nuevos e históricos actores del comercio justo. A partir de una perspectiva de género, en este artículo se analizan las consecuencias de la ampliación de los mercados sobre el empoderamiento de las mujeres —individual y colectivo—, las relaciones de género, la participación y el desarrollo local.   ABSTRACT This essay analyzes the impact and the consequences of expansion of markets on fair trade. Founded on precise principles and norms, in a lapse of ten years fair trade has converted from an incipient market into one in full expansion. This growth related with the entry of equitable trade into the conventional circuit —in particular in supermarkets— has been accompanied by a progressive change of the values of fair trade. Its opening to the international market enabled the expansion of markets and development of new competencies. But tensions were also created between new and historic actors of fair trade. Based on a gender perspective, this article analyzes the consequences of market expansion on the —individual and collective— empowerment of women, gender relations, participation, and local development.

Internationalization pathways and the performance of SMEs

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 420-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Fernández Olmos ◽  
Isabel Díez-Vial
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
International Market ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Expansion Process ◽  
Export Intensity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
Coordination Costs ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of the chosen specific internationalization pathway on the relationship between internationalization and firm performance. Design/methodology/approach – This paper analyses the internationalization pathway among small- and medium-sized enterprises which internationalize through exporting and are more limited in terms of the resources they can leverage across markets. Findings – Empirical evidence obtained from a sample of wineries in La Rioja shows that the internationalization – export performance relationship is characterized by a U-shaped curve for firms with a gradual internationalization pathway, and an S-shaped curve for firms with an accelerated internationalization pathway. Research limitations/implications – This empirical study on the impact of export intensity on performance has acknowledged the importance of costs caused by the liability of foreignness and the transaction and coordination costs involved in each market expansion process. However, it has not examined the effect of differences in absorptive and coordination capabilities at the firm level. Practical implications – The findings about the role of the specific internationalization pathway in driving export intensity and performance appear to be relevant from a public-policy perspective. Local policies aimed at promoting exports have been widely based on the argument that firms can improve their performance through increasing their level of international sales. However, empirical evidence shows that these efforts may not work as well as was thought, unless combined with the right market expansion pathway and the optimal level of exports associated with this international market expansion. Social implications – Most studies on the effect of international market expansion on firm performance have not considered the influence of the specific market expansion pathway chosen. In taking this factor into account, this paper contributes to the existing body of work by developing an integrative theoretical framework that explores how the pathway of internationalization impacts on firms’ performance. Originality/value – Most studies on the effect of international market expansion on firm performance have not considered the influence of the specific market expansion process chosen. In taking this factor into account, this paper contributes to the existing body of work by developing an integrative theoretical framework that explores how the process of international market expansion impacts on firms’ performance.

Expansion to foreign markets: Usaflex

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Paula Holanda Cavalcanti Sirimarco ◽  
Luiza Neves Marques da Fonseca
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
Strategic Change ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
International Market ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
International Expansion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
The Impact

Learning outcomes The case seeks to meet the following educational objectives: provide an understanding of the problems and opportunities faced by a company doing business in a rapidly expanding emerging market. Understand how the foreign environment and industry practices impinge on the company’s strategic conduct. Develop the ability to evaluate strategic internationalization decisions in light of considerations related to uncertainty, risk and commitment. Provide for the application of internationalization theories to a real case involving an emerging country company. Discuss new strategies for international market expansion. Case overview/synopsis This case study is about the strategic change of the Usaflex brand and how it impacted its national and international expansion. Usaflex is a Brazilian footwear company founded in 1998 and acquired in 2016 by a group of partners. The new managers started an accelerated process of national and international expansion. In the domestic market, the company adopted the franchise system and in the international market used licensed stores. In addition, the new management implemented a series of modifications, changing the positioning, design and product variety, as well as the communication strategy. This process took place in a highly negative context, with the domestic market suffering the impact of a strong recession and Brazilian footwear exports losing competitiveness in the international market. Complexity academic level The targeted audience of this case is undergraduate and MBA students of Business Management courses, specifically on International Business courses. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 5: International Business.

scholarly journals Women at the bench: Does it make a difference? Assessing the impact of women judges in addressing gender-based issues in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maame Addadzi-Koom ◽  
◽  
Lydia Nkansah ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Policy Choice ◽  
Female Participation ◽  
Women Judges ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sobre Todo ◽  
Country Specific ◽  
Made In

The impact of women judges in addressing gender-based issues, particularly in Africa, is largely under-researched both at the regional and country-specific levels. This paper researches on the impact of women judges in selected gender-based cases in Ghana – that is spousal property rights cases. The paper seeks to answer the primary question: in addressing spousal property rights in Ghana, have women at the bench made a difference? In answering this question, a doctrinal analysis of purposively selected cases was conducted which led to a finding that women judges did not make a difference in the development of the law on spousal property rights in Ghana. The findings and recommendations made in this paper are expected to contribute to the understanding of how female participation in judging gender-based cases have influenced and could potentially influence the interests and rights of women as well as to inform the policy choice of women judges. Se ha investigado demasiado poco, tanto a nivel regional como nacional, sobre el efecto de que haya juezas que se ocupen de temas de género, sobre todo en África. Este artículo investiga el impacto de juezas en casos seleccionados, basados en género, de Ghana –es decir, casos de derecho de propiedad conyugal. El artículo busca responder a esta pregunta: ¿han marcado la diferencia las mujeres de la judicatura en cuanto a derechos de propiedad conyugal en Ghana? Se realizó un análisis doctrinal de casos seleccionados intencionalmente, y ello llevó a descubrir que no hubo tal diferencia. Esperamos que los hallazgos y recomendaciones recogidos en este artículo ayuden a comprender mejor cómo la participación de las mujeres en el enjuiciamiento de casos basados en género ha podido influir y puede influir potencialmente en los intereses y derechos de las mujeres; y, por otro lado, a informar la elección de políticas de las juezas.

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

Investigating the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Stigma Among Young Adults With History of Suicide Attempts

Crisis ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meshan Lehmann ◽  
Matthew R. Hilimire ◽  
Lawrence H. Yang ◽  
Bruce G. Link ◽  
Jordan E. DeVylder
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Background: Self-esteem is a major contributor to risk for repeated suicide attempts. Prior research has shown that awareness of stigma is associated with reduced self-esteem among people with mental illness. No prior studies have examined the association between self-esteem and stereotype awareness among individuals with past suicide attempts. Aims: To understand the relationship between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among young adults who have and have not attempted suicide. Method: Computerized surveys were administered to college students (N = 637). Linear regression analyses were used to test associations between self-esteem and stereotype awareness, attempt history, and their interaction. Results: There was a significant stereotype awareness by attempt interaction (β = –.74, p = .006) in the regression analysis. The interaction was explained by a stronger negative association between stereotype awareness and self-esteem among individuals with past suicide attempts (β = –.50, p = .013) compared with those without attempts (β = –.09, p = .037). Conclusion: Stigma is associated with lower self-esteem within this high-functioning sample of young adults with histories of suicide attempts. Alleviating the impact of stigma at the individual (clinical) or community (public health) levels may improve self-esteem among this high-risk population, which could potentially influence subsequent suicide risk.

The Role of Threat and Economic Uncertainty in Support for Scottish Independence

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kopasker
Keyword(s):  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Constitutional Change ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Economic Expectations ◽  
Scottish Independence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Levels Of Support

Existing research has consistently shown that perceptions of the potential economic consequences of Scottish independence are vital to levels of support for constitutional change. This paper attempts to investigate the mechanism by which expectations of the economic consequences of independence are formed. A hypothesised causal micro-level mechanism is tested that relates constitutional preferences to the existing skill investments of the individual. Evidence is presented that larger skill investments are associated with a greater likelihood of perceiving economic threats from independence. Additionally, greater perceived threat results in lower support for independence. The impact of uncertainty on both positive and negative economic expectations is also examined. While uncertainty has little effect on negative expectations, it significantly reduces the likelihood of those with positive expectations supporting independence. Overall, it appears that a general economy-wide threat is most significant, and it is conjectured that this stems a lack of information on macroeconomic governance credentials.

Presentación

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (149) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Víctor Gayol
Keyword(s):  
Mary Wollstonecraft ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Olympe De Gouges ◽  
Sobre Todo

El proceso de transformación de los roles de género ha tenido diversos puntos de quiebre a lo largo de historia, sobre todo a partir de la intensa discusión sobre los derechos del individuo que desató la Ilustración y, luego con mayor fuerza, la revolución francesa. La reivindicación de los derechos de las mujeres, imaginar y movilizarse en contra de la condición femenina de subordinación en la sociedad, fue cobrando forma con mayor fuerza desde que Olympe de Gouges y Mary Wollstonecraft tomaron la pluma.

"El problema de las mujeres"

Filanderas ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 93-95
Author(s):  
Gerardo Vilches
Keyword(s):  
Las Mujeres ◽  
The Guardian ◽  
Sobre Todo

El problema de las mujeres (Anagrama, 2017) es la última obra de Jacky Fleming (Londres, 1955). Esta británica, poco conocida en España, lleva décadas publicando sus viñetas de humor gráfico en medios como The Independent o The Guardian. En este pequeño libro, un breve ensayo en clave satírica, aplica su mirada ácida sobre la historia de los últimos siglos, desde una perspectiva que podría considerarse cercana a la herstory, pero que, sobre todo, busca poner de manifiesto lo absurdo de toda una serie de planteamientos machistas revestidos de una pátina de cientifismo.

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