scholarly journals REGISTROS Y DISTRIBUCIÓN POTENCIAL DEL PUERCOESPÍN (Coendou mexicanus), (RODENTIA: ERETHIZONTIDAE) EN HONDURAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Leonel Marineros-Sánchez ◽  
Héctor Portillo-Reyes ◽  
Hermes Vega ◽  
Jonathan Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Potential Distribution ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Santa Barbara ◽  
La Paz ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Source Of Information

ResumenSe actualizaron nuevos sitios de registro del puercoespín Coendou mexicanus, para Honduras y se modeló su distribución potencial. Se ordenaron 56 datos, registros de sitio, coordenadas geográficas, municipio, fuente de información y departamentos. El mapa actualizado muestra las 44 localidades en los departamentos de: Olancho, Colón, Copán, El Paraíso, Atlántida, Gracias a Dios, La Paz, Comayagua, Cortes, Francisco Morazán, Lempira, Santa Bárbara, Choluteca, Ocotepeque y Yoro. Los resultados muestran que C. mexicanus, habita en 15 departamentos, y se distribuye potencialmente en 17 de los 18 departamentos de Honduras, con énfasis de su presencia en las partes bajas de los departamentos de Cortés, Yoro y Colón; y en los bosques nubosos en los departamentos de Ocotepeque, Lempira, Intibucá, La Paz, Comayagua, Yoro y Francisco Morazán. Los datos contribuyen a la ubicación geográfica de individuos de la especie en estado silvestre, lo que permitirá realizar estudios que aporten mayor información sobre la biología y desarrollar estrategias de conservación. Los puercoespines forman parte de la dieta de los grandes felinos por lo que son un importante eslabón en la cadena alimenticia de estos grandes predadores.Palabras clave: Puercoespín, distribución potencial, áreas protegidas, comunidades rurales.AbstractNew registration sites for the porcupine (Coendou mexicanus) were updated for Honduras and their potential distribution was modeled. 56 data were ordered, site records, geographic coordinates, municipality, source of information and departments. The updated map shows the 44 locations in the departments of: Olancho, Colón, Copán, El Paraíso, Atlántida, Gracias a Dios, La Paz, Comayagua, Cortes, Francisco Morazán, Lempira, Santa Bárbara, Choluteca, Ocotepeque and Yoro. The results show that C. mexicanus, inhabits 15 departments, and is potentially distributed in 17 of the 18 departments of Honduras, with emphasis on its presence in the lower parts of the departments of Cortés, Yoro and Colón; and in the cloud forests in the departments of Ocotepeque, Lempira, Intibucá, La Paz, Comayagua, Yoro and Francisco Morazán. The data contribute to the geographical location of individuals of the species in the wild, which will allow carrying out studies that provide more information about biology and develop conservation strategies. Porcupines are part of the diet of the big cats so they are an important link in the food chain of these great predators.Key words: Porcupine, potential distribution, protected areas, rural communities.

scholarly journals The social economy of rhino poaching: Of economic freedom fighters, professional hunters and marginalized local people

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette M Hübschle
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Local People ◽  
Illegal Hunting ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Freedom Fighters ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Rhino Poaching

In light of the high incidence of rhino poaching in southern Africa, the African rhinoceros might become extinct in the wild in the near future. Scholars from a variety of disciplines have analysed drivers of illegal hunting and poaching behaviour in general terms. Existing scholarship on rhino poaching proffers a simplistic concurrence of interlinked drivers, including the entry of transnational organized crime into wildlife crime, opportunity structures and the endemic poverty facing people living close to protected areas. By engaging with the lived experiences and social worlds of poachers and rural communities, this article reflects on empirical evidence gathered during ethnographic fieldwork with poachers, prisoners and local people living near the Kruger National Park. It is argued that the socio-political and historical context and continued marginalization of local people are significant factors facilitating poaching decisions at the grassroots level. Green land grabs and the systematic exclusion of local people from protected areas, as well as the growing securitization of anti-poaching responses, are aiding the perception that the wild animal is valued more highly than black rural lives. As a consequence, conservationists and law enforcers are viewed with disdain and struggle to obtain cooperation. The article critiques the current fortress conservation paradigm, which assumes conflict-laden relationships between local people and wildlife.

scholarly journals Patterns of Genetic Diversity and Structure at Fine Scale of an Endangered Moroccan Endemic Tree (Argania spinosa L. Skeels) Based on ISSR Polymorphism

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 528-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamila MOUHADDAB ◽  
Naima AIT AABD ◽  
Hafid ACHTAK ◽  
Fouad MSANDA ◽  
Abdelaziz ZAHIDI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Polymorphic Locus ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Argania Spinosa ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
High Level

The preservation of the diversity of endangered populations of argan trees, in their natural habitat, is a crucial step toward their conservation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the genetic diversity of the argan trees in the wild, and to establish a phylogenetic map using DNA fingerprints. The ultimate goal was to develop a core set that would represent the existing diversity in the whole germplasm. In regard to this, 200 samples of Argania spinosa individual trees were collected from 10 different provenances in the region of Essaouira (Morocco). The genetic variation between and within these argan trees was investigated using previously described Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat markers. These markers generated a total of 149 fragments, in which 148 (99.33%) were polymorphic. The samples collected in the ‘Ouled Lhaj’ provenance showed the lowest diversity (% of polymorphic locus P=48.32%; genetic diversity Nei h=0.153; allelic richness A=1.483), compared to those collected in the ‘Mramer’ provenance (%P=68.46%; h=0.233; A=1.685). Also, the results showed a high level of genetic differentiation among provenances (AMOVA=44%, Gst=0.40), and a limited gene flow (Nm=0.73) between the provenances. In addition, these data suggested a low correlation between the genetic diversity of the tree and their respective geographical location in relation to the proximity to the littoral. Finally, a core collection of 13 genotypes that represent the essential of the detected diversity was established. The distribution pattern of this genetic diversity provides an important baseline data for the conservation strategies of argan tree species in the wild.

scholarly journals Challenging the State: Devolutionary Tenure Transitions for Saving and Expanding Forests

Human Ecology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liz Alden Wily
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Property Relations ◽  
The Will ◽  
Customary Land

AbstractI address a contentious element in forest property relations to illustrate the role of ownership in protecting and expanding of forest cover by examining the extent to which rural communities may legally own forests. The premise is that whilst state-owned protected areas have contributed enormously to forest survival, this has been insufficiently successful to justify the mass dispossession of customary land-owning communities this has entailed. Further, I argue that state co-option of community lands is unwarranted. Rural communities on all continents ably demonstrate the will and capacity to conserve forests – provided their customary ownership is legally recognized. I explore the property rights reforms now enabling this. The replication potential of community protected forestlands is great enough to deserve flagship status in global commitments to expand forest including in the upcoming new Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).

The value of agrobiodiversity: an analysis of consumers preference for tomatoes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Chiara M. Posadinu ◽  
Monica Rodriguez ◽  
Fabio Madau ◽  
Giovanna Attene
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Agrobiodiversity Conservation ◽  
Planning Strategies ◽  
Direct Use ◽  
Willingness To Contribute

Abstract The valorization of plant genetic resources and their direct use in local markets can make a significant contribution to the preservation of agrobiodiversity, while also contributing to the sustainability of rural communities. Indeed, plant genetic resources are a precious source of genes, and they represent an important crop heritage for the quality and sensory characteristics that are required by both farmers and consumers. However, an efficient strategy of agrobiodiversity conservation is strictly connected to product marketability and to consumer preferences. In the present study, choice experiments that involved 920 consumers were carried out to determine their willingness to pay for ancient local tomato varieties (landraces) rather than commercial varieties based on their preferences, and to determine how much they valued these products. The results obtained indicate that consumers are willing to pay premium prices for ancient local tomato varieties (an additional €0.90 kg−1), thus demonstrating their increasing attention to sustainable food and the willingness to contribute to agrobiodiversity conservation and enhancement. These results provide the basis for planning strategies and programs to support the cultivation of these landraces and the development of regional and national markets to acknowledge their characteristics, which will considerably increase the effectiveness and efficiency of conservation strategies.

scholarly journals Challenges of assessment and mapping of ecosystem services in Bulgarian (Rhodope) and Russian (Altai) mountain protected areas in the context of post-socialist transformations and new conservation paradigms

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-68
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Chernykh ◽  
Maria Glushkova ◽  
Dmitry K. Pershin ◽  
Miglena Zhiyanski ◽  
Alina E. Zinovieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Altai Mountains ◽  
Altai Mountain ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
Forest Exploitation ◽  
Different Types

The overarching goal of this survey was to identify the challenges of ecosystem services assessment and mapping in Russian and Bulgarian mountain protected areas in the context of post-socialist transformations, new conservation paradigms and climate change. The Altai Mountains in Russia and the Rhodope Mountains in Bulgaria were selected as key mountain territories for comparison due to their similar characteristics: agriculture, forest exploitation, tourism activities, etc. Both in Bulgaria and in Russia, perceptions of the protected areas functioning have been changing, facilitated by global shifts. Thus, the concept of ecosystem services has now been actively introduced in nature and biodiversity conservation policies. Based on WDPA data the emergence of different types of protected areas in Russia and Bulgaria was determined. Key problems of assessment and mapping of ecosystem services in Russian and Bulgarian mountain protected areas were recognised, mainly related to the shortage and quality of baseline data. At the same time, there were also some specifics for the two countries due to their size and national legislation. Like many other mountainous regions in the world, the Rhodopes in Bulgaria and the Altai Mountains in Russia are flagships in the improvement of nature conservation strategies. These regions often participate in a variety of international conservation programmes and are constantly expanding the range of protected areas. It is generally accepted that the Altai Mountains and the Rhodopes are not only centres of biodiversity richness in their countries, but also hotspots of a variety of ecosystem services.

scholarly journals Population genetics of the coral Acropora millepora: Towards a genomic predictor of bleaching

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary L. Fuller ◽  
Veronique J.L. Mocellin ◽  
Luke Morris ◽  
Neal Cantin ◽  
Jihanne Shepherd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Balancing Selection ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Acropora Millepora ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
In The Wild

AbstractAlthough reef-building corals are rapidly declining worldwide, responses to bleaching vary both within and among species. Because these inter-individual differences are partly heritable, they should in principle be predictable from genomic data. Towards that goal, we generated a chromosome-scale genome assembly for the coral Acropora millepora. We then obtained whole genome sequences for 237 phenotyped samples collected at 12 reefs distributed along the Great Barrier Reef, among which we inferred very little population structure. Scanning the genome for evidence of local adaptation, we detected signatures of long-term balancing selection in the heat-shock co-chaperone sacsin. We further used 213 of the samples to conduct a genome-wide association study of visual bleaching score, incorporating the polygenic score derived from it into a predictive model for bleaching in the wild. These results set the stage for the use of genomics-based approaches in conservation strategies.

scholarly journals ANALYZING TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL TRENDS IN MANAGEMENT PLANS OF FEDERAL PROTECTED AREAS IN BRAZIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (04) ◽  
pp. 846-854
Author(s):  
Alessandro Ribeiro Morais ◽  
◽  
Mariana Nascimento Siqueira ◽  
Roniel Freitas-Oliveira ◽  
Daniel Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Group B

Protected areas are the most frequently used tool for the mitigation of threats to biodiversity. However, without effective management, the creation of new protected areas may be ineffective. In Brazil, protected areas must have both a governing body (consultative or deliberative council) and an official management plan. Here, we analyzed general trends and patterns in the approval of the management plans for Brazilian federal protected areas. We considered all federal protected areas, and compiled data on (i) the year the area was created, (ii) the type of protected area (integral protection vs. sustainable use), (iii) year its management plan was approved, (iv) year in which the management plan was revised after its approval, (v) total area (in hectares), and (vi) the biome in which the area is located. We stablished three groups of protected area: 1) Group A: protected areas created prior to 1979, 2) Group B: protected areas created between 1979 and 1999, and 3) Group C: protected areas created between 2000 to the present time. Finally, we tested whether time for the approval of the management plan suffered a simultaneous effect of the type of biome and type of categories of protected area (strictly protected vs. sustainable use areas). We found 211 (63.17% of the 334) protected areas with management plan. On average, the time taken for the creation and approval of a management plan far exceeds the deadlines (5 yrs.) defined under current Brazilian law. All Brazilian biomes are poorly covered by protected areas with effective management plans, with the highest and lowest value observed in the Pantanal (100%) and Caatinga (46.42%), respectively. Our results suggest that the effectiveness of many federal protected areas in Brazil can be reduced considerably by the lack of a management plan, with deleterious consequences for the country’s principal conservation strategies.

scholarly journals Efectos de la Inversión en Infraestructura por el Programa PROMINE/KFW en Centros Educativos

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-51
Author(s):  
Sandra Meliza Fúnez Cálix ◽  
Mirna Ivette Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Santa Barbara ◽  
La Paz

La presente investigación se fundamenta en el PROGRAMA PROMINE/KfW, el cual es una donación otorgada por el Gobierno Alemán a través de KfW destinada para contribuir a mejorar la eficiencia y calidad del sistema educativo Pre-básico y Básico en Honduras. La finalidad de este estudio es conocer el efecto de la inversión en la infraestructura por parte del programa PROMINE/KfW en 25 de los 131 centros educativos intervenidos hasta el momento, en seis departamentos (Copan, Intibucá, La Paz, Lempira, Ocotepeque y Santa Bárbara), determinando el monto de la inversión y los cambios realizados en la infraestructura de acuerdo a las necesidades y normas de la Secretaria de Educación. Los departamentos intervenidos son los de mayor índice de pobreza en el país. El programa emplea las metodologías BIOCLIMÁTICO, CPTED y PEC. El tipo de diseño de investigación consiste de un diseño no experimental mixto, utilizando tres tipos de instrumentos: encuestas aplicadas a los directores de los 25 centros, bases de datos obtenidos del FHIS y observación en campo en 5 centros a través de una guía de observación. Utilizando la herramienta estadística SPSS versión 22 para el análisis de variables, se reflejó que 13 de los 25 centros consideran que el mayor beneficiario del programa es la comunidad; los demás centros educativos consideran que los alumnos son los más beneficiados. De todos los encuestados, 19 califican la inversión como excelente. Por lo que se concluye que el Programa ha tenido un impacto positivo en la infraestructura educativa y comunidad en general.Innovare. Vol. 3, Núm. 2 (2014) 41 – 51

scholarly journals The genetic diversity and population structure of two endemic Amazonian quillwort (Isoetes L.) species

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirella Pupo Santos ◽  
João V.S. Rabelo Araujo ◽  
Arthur V. Sant’anna Lopes ◽  
Julio Cesar Fiorio Vettorazzi ◽  
Marcela Santana Bastos Boechat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Mass Extinctions ◽  
Effective Conservation

Background Two endemic lycophyte species Isoetes cangae and Isoetes serracarajensis have been recently described in the State of Pará in the Amazon forest located in northern Brazil. Isoetes L. has survived through three mass extinctions. Plants are considered small-sized, heterosporous, and can display a great diversity of physiological adaptations to different environments. Thus, the current study aimed to estimate the genetic variation of the populations of I. cangae and I. serracarajensis to generate information about their different mechanisms for survival at the same geographical location that could point to different reproductive, adaptative and dispersal strategies and should be considered for effective conservation strategies. Methods The genetic diversity and population structure of I. cangae and I. serracarajensis were investigated using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) molecular markers. Total genomic DNA was isolated, and the genetic diversity parameters were calculated. Results The sixteen primers produced 115 reproducible bands, 87% of which were polymorphic. A high level of polymorphic loci (81.74% and 68.48%) and a high Shannon index (Sh = 0.376 and 0.289) were observed for I. cangae and I. serracarajensis, respectively. The coefficient of genetic differentiation between population areas (GST) showed a higher value in I. serracarajensis (0.5440). Gene flow was higher in I. cangae (1.715) and lower in I. serracarajensis populations (0.419). Overall, the results further show that I. serracarajensis and I. cangae are two species with considerable genetic variation and that these differences may reflect their habitats and modes of reproduction. These results should be considered in the development of effective conservation strategies for both species.

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