scholarly journals Co-infection of Hepatitis A and Hepatitis E Viruses among the Acute Viral Hepatitis Cases in Tertiary Care Hospital –A Four Years Retrospective Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 2047-2051
Author(s):  
Ravindra V. Shinde ◽  
Anjali R. Shinde ◽  
Anjali D. Patil ◽  
S.K. Pawar ◽  
S.T. Mohite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Acute Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Health Care Center

Acute viral hepatitis(AVH) is caused by Hepatitis A (HAV) and Hepatitis E(HEV). It is major health burden in India. Both the viruses HAV and HEV are primarily transmitted via the faeco-oral course. Study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of HAV, HEV and rate of co-infection in AVH patients attending rural tertiary care centre. A retrospective laboratory record based study was carried out in rural tertiary health care center located in Western Maharashtra. Laboratory and Medical records of suspected acute viral infection patients were analyzed during study. Study period was June 2014 to July 2018. Commercially available ELISA kits of IgM anti-HAV and IgM anti-HEV were used to analyze serum samples of suspected study participants. Tests were carried out as per the manufacturer’s instructions. A total of 778 acute viral hepatitis cases were included in the study from July 2014 to July 2018 among which 85/778 (10.9 %) detected positive for HAV and 121/778 (15.6%) detected positive for HEV. Co-infection was identified in 6/778(0.8 %). Jaundice, fever fatigue and hepatomegaly were common clinical presentation in HAV, HEV and confection with both viruses in acute viral hepatitis patients. Study indicated low exposure to HAV in childhood bellow 16 years. Co-infection rate was detected high in 16-25 years age group. Vaccination policy against HAV in adolescent age group needed as there is change epidemiological shift of HAV which has been observed in the current study. These data will helps for planning future vaccination strategies, better implementation sanitation program, and safe water supply in this geographic area.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Enterically Transmitted Hepatitis Viruses in Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Maharashtra, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (30) ◽  
pp. 2310-2313
Author(s):  
Suvarna Vaibhav Sande
Keyword(s):  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Acute Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Hepatitis Viruses

BACKGROUND Hepatitis A & E viruses are enterically transmitted viruses responsible for acute viral hepatitis in developing countries. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) has worldwide distribution while hepatitis E virus (HEV) is restricted to tropical countries. HAV affects infants and young children while HEV affects older children and young adults. This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of HAV and HEV and their co-infection in patients presenting with acute viral hepatitis (AVH). METHODS 200 sera of patients suffering from suspected acute viral hepatitis (AVH) attending tertiary care rural hospital JNMC Sawangi, Wardha were included in the study. Serum samples were tested for IgM anti HAV and IgM anti - HEV for the detection of acute hepatitis A and acute hepatitis E using commercially available ELISA kit & Immunochromatography test (ICT) for comparison of ELISA and ICT. RESULTS The overall seroprevalence of HAV and HEV infection was found to be 19 %. The seroprevalence of HAV infection was found to be 13 %, HEV infection 5 % and HAV - HEV co - infection 1 %. HAV infection in males and females was found to be 16.07 % and 9.09 % respectively & HEV infection was found to be 5.35 % and 4.54 % respectively. In case of detection of HAV IgM, two serum samples were negative by ICT but positive by ELISA & for HEV IgM, one serum sample was negative by ICT but positive by ELISA. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of HAV IgM was found to be 96 %, 98.8 %, 92.30 % & 99.43 % and for HEV IgM was found to be 90 %, 99.47 %, 90 % & 99.47 % respectively. CONCLUSIONS It is evident from this study that infection with enteric hepatitis viruses is not infrequent. Findings from this study emphasize the need to establish regular seroepidemiological surveys to keep track of epidemiology of these viruses. Results from rapid tests are comparable to ELISA with additional advantage of ease of interpretation and neither time consuming nor requiring special instruments. KEY WORDS Hepatitis A, Hepatitis E, Seroprevalence

Sero-prevalence and Co-infection of Hepatitis A & E Virus in Patients with Acute Viral Hepatitis at a Tertiary Care Hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Swati Salila ◽  
Suman Kumar ◽  
Kumar Vikram ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Shailesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Acute Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital

scholarly journals Pattern of skin disorders among pediatric age group cases attending a tertiary health care center

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 511
Author(s):  
Shahul Hameed G. ◽  
Karthik Raja S.
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Skin Disorders ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Health Care Center ◽  
Pediatric Age Group

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Skin diseases among the pediatric age group people are more common and it contributes to significant burden to health sectors. Also, the pattern of skin diseases changes consistently with reference to place and time. Hence the present study was conducted to assess the pattern of skin diseases in pediatric age group patients attending a tertiary care hospital.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The cross-sectional study was conducted by the department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy at Sri Muthukumaran Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, among the pediatric age group patients attending the outpatient department, during the month of October to December 2019. A total of 412 pediatric age group patients with skin disorder were included in the study. The study was conducted using a proforma with the clinical history and diagnosis of the participants. Data was entered in Microsoft excel and data analysis was done using SPSS version 17.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The common skin disorders reported in this study includes infections (34.7%) followed by dermatitis (32.3%), infestations (11.4%), miliaria (8.3%), popular urticaria (7.5%) and urticaria (6.1%). Among the infections fungal, bacterial and viral pathogens contributes to 16.3%, 10.9% and 7.5% of cases, respectively. Also 11.2% of cases were found to be infested with scabies (9.2%) and pediculosis (2.2%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Skin disorders in the pediatric age group are common and showing increasing trend. Hence health education of the parents and the school children about good nutrition, hygiene practices, and proper hydration of skin can be promoting in order to reduce the burden of skin disorders.</p>

scholarly journals Prevalence of hepatitis A virus and hepatitis E virus in the patients presenting with acute viral hepatitis in Rohtak, Haryana, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarita Rawat ◽  
P. S. Gill ◽  
Tanuj Gupta ◽  
Praveen Malhotra ◽  
Aparna Parmar
Keyword(s):  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Acute Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Age Group

Background: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) cause acute hepatitis in humans and are transmitted mainly through the fecal-oral route. They pose major health problems in developing countries. This study was done to determine prevalence of HAV and HEV in patients presenting with AVH and the co-infection of HAV and HEV in these patients.Methods: The study was conducted in the virology research and diagnostic laboratory, PGIMS Rohtak during the study period of August 2017-December 2018. The study population included sera of individuals from all age group who were suspected of acute viral hepatitis (AVH). All the sera were screened for IgM antibody to HEV and HAV using IgM capture ELISA.Results: HEV IgM ELISA test   was performed in 307 patients (mean age 34 years;), with an overall seroprevalence rate of 138(44.9%). HAV antibodies were detected in 109 subjects, with a median age of 9.5 years the seroprevalence of HAV was 34 (31.1%). HEV seropositivity was highest in the age group 20-30 years. Mean age was 34 years whereas the interquartile range was from 14-71 years. HAV infection was positive mainly in the age group <10 years. With interquartile range from 6-16 years. Out of total 34 patients positive for HAV infection males were 20 (58.8%), whereas females were 14(41.1%). HEV IgM was positive in 138 patients, out of which male were 96 (69.56%) and females were 42 (30.43%). HEV IgM was positive in 138 patients, out of which male were 96 (69.56%) and females were 42 (30.43%). HAV and HEV seen to be prevalent all with highest predominance seen towards the end of monsoons (August and September) and beginning of winters.Conclusions: The present study also points toward HEV being the prime etiological agent for outbreaks of acute hepatitis in the studied region of Haryana (Rohtak), India. A comparatively lower HAV prevalence may be the consequence of an overall declining trend due to improved living standards and environmental hygiene.

Hepatitis-E: Clinical profile and outcome assessment from India

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-141
Author(s):  
Venu H Aradya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Acute Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Study Results

Background: Hepatitis E is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis in the adult population in India. Hepatitis-E has self-limiting clinical course, but can be life threatening in certain high risk groups like pregnancy and alcoholic liver disease. . The present study evaluated the predictors of mortality in patients with acute Hepatitis-E cases at a tertiary care center from India. Methods: This cross sectional study including cases of viral Hepatitis E was done at tertiary care hospital at Mysore during January 2016 to November 2016. A total of seventy nine patients diagnosed with HEV infection using IgM anti-HEV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were included in the study. Results: Out of seventy nine, forty two (53.2%) patients were males and thirty seven (46.8%) were females. The mean age of our study group was 44.3±13.47 years. Out of seventy nine Hepatitis E patients, six had coinfection, two with Hepatitis A (2.5%) and four (5.1%) were HBsAg positive. A total of seventy three (92.4%) patients survived while six (7.6%) patients expired during the course of the illness. Among six fatal cases, four (66.7%) died of acute on chronic liver failure and two (33.6%) died of acute liver failure (ALF). Conclusion: Pre-existing chronic liver disease was found to be significantly associated with mortality in patients suffering from viral Hepatitis E. Increased bilirubin, Low serum albumin, alcohol use, were also associated with increased mortality due to acute viral hepatitis E. Pregnancy was not a determinant of mortality in Hepatitis-E patients in this study.

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