Biofilm Formation and its Association with Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a clinically significant pathogen that causes infections ranging from skin and soft tissue infections to life-threatening sepsis. Biofilm formation by MRSA is one of the crucial virulence factor. Determination of beta-lactamase and biofilm production among Staphylococcus aureus was obtained from various clinical specimens. Standard bacteriological procedures were used for isolation and identification and antibiotic sensitivity was determined using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. The cloverleaf method, acidometric, iodometric and chromogenic methods were used to detect beta-lactamase while the microtiter plate method and Congo red agar method were used to detect biofilm production. Of the 288 MRSA strains isolated from various clinical specimens,198 (67.07%) were biofilm producers. Cloverleaf and chromogenic (nitrocefin) disc shows 100% results for beta-lactamase detection. Vancomycin was 100% sensitive followed by teicoplanin (92.36%) and linezolid (89.93%). Cloverleaf and nitrocefin disc methods were the most sensitive for detection of beta-lactamase in S. aureus and there was no significant relation between biofilm production and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of S. aureus.

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A study on Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in dairy cows

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v6i2.427 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 356-361 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. Chandrasekaran ◽

P. Venkatesan ◽

K. G. Tirumurugaan ◽

A. P. Nambi ◽

P. S. Thirunavukkarasu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Penicillin G ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Agar Disc

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a serious problem in dairy animals suffering from mastitis. The study was carried out to evaluate the incidence of Methicillin resistant S. aureus from clinical mastitis milk samples and their antibiotic resistance profile and characterised with respect to the molecular features that contributed to the resistance in these pathogens. Isolation and identification of Methicillin resistant S. aureus were performed from acute clinical mastitis samples. The isolates were tested using agar disc diffusion method for their antimicrobial susceptibility and modified resazurin assay micro dilution technique for MIC to 8 different antimicrobial drugs. A total of 235 clinical mastitis milk samples from dairy cows were cultured for incidence of S. aureus. Methicillin resistant S. aureus was isolated from a total of 12 (44.25%) of the 116 S. aureus samples. Based on the antimicrobial sensitivity and MIC results, MRSA isolates were found sensitive to gentamicin, enrofloxcain, amoxicillin+sulbactam, ceftriaxone and resistant to amoxicillin, oxytetracycline, penicillin G and oxacillin. Most of MRSA isolates were found to be multi-drug resistant. MRSA alert kit test and mecA and blaZ target gene PCR were found to be useful in the confirmation of MRSA.

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Prevalence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Northern India

Journal of Laboratory Physicians ◽

10.4103/0974-2727.72154 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2 (02) ◽

pp. 078-081 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Shilpa Arora ◽

Pushpa Devi ◽

Usha Arora ◽

Bimla Devi

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methicillin Resistance ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Sensitivity Pattern

ABSTRACT Aim: The emergence of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has posed a serious therapeutic challenge. We report the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of MRSA in the hospitals attached to GMC, Amritsar, Punjab. Materials and Methods: The study comprised of 250 coagulase-positive staphylococci (COPS) isolated from a total of 6743 clinical specimens (like pus, blood, urine, high vaginal swab, sputum, etc.) of patients admitted in hospitals attached to Government Medical College, Amritsar from January 2008−February 2009. Routine antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed and interpreted as per standard guidelines. Methicillin resistance was detected using oxacillin and cefoxitin disc diffusion method, oxacillin screen agar method, and minimum inhibitory concentration using broth macrodilution method. Results: A total of 115 (46%) strains were found to be methicillin resistant. Multidrug resistance was observed in 73% MRSA strains. However, no strain was resistant to vancomycin. Conclusion: Regular surveillance of hospital-associated infection and monitoring of antibiotic sensitivity pattern is required to reduce MRSA prevalence.

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Profile of antibiotic-resistant and presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from nasal swab of dogs from several animal clinics in Surabaya, Indonesia

International Journal of One Health ◽

10.14202/ijoh.2020.90-94 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 90-94

Author(s):

Vega Decline ◽

Mustofa Helmi Effendi ◽

Reina Puspita Rahmaniar ◽

Sheila Marty Yanestria ◽

Nenny Harijani

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Nasal Swab ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Oxacillin Resistance

Aim: The research was to investigate the antibiotic resistance profile and to screen for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from nasal mucosa swab of dogs. Materials and Methods: The samples were collected from three pet clinics, three K9 units, one veterinary teaching hospital, and one kennel in Surabaya. Of the 50 total samples, 24 confirmed S. aureus strains, which were used for antibiotic sensitivity tests using a disk diffusion method and screening of MRSA used oxacillin resistance screening for base (ORSAB). Results: This study showed that there were differences in antibiotic resistance patterns among different locations. Fourteen isolates were screened for MRSA by culture on ORSAB. Conclusion: MRSA carriage was found on nasal swab of dogs, and dogs can act as reservoir of MRSA for spreading to human health. Keywords: antibiotic-resistant, dogs, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus.

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Biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from burn patients, Iran

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.5514 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 1511-1517 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Solmaz Ohadian Moghadam ◽

Mohammad Reza Pourmand ◽

Farzaneh Aminharati

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Burn Patients ◽

Burn Wound ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Therapeutic Decisions

Introduction: Burns are the most serious forms of trauma and a major cause of mortality worldwide. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most common pathogens of burn wound infections; treatment has faced serious problems due to antibiotic resistance in these strains. Biofilm formation, which increases antibiotic resistance capabilities and is considered to be a virulence factor, also causes treatment failure and recurrent staphylococcal infections in burn patients. Methodology: A total of 135 pus/wound swabs were collected; S. aureus was identified by confirmatory tests. The icaA/D and mecA genes were detected in DNA extracts by polymerase chain reaction assay separately. To determine the prevalence of biofilm formation, a modified Congo red agar and the microtiter plate method were used. Investigation of antibiotic resistance was performed using the disk diffusion method. Results: S. aureus (48.87%) was identified in 65 (48.87%) samples, of which 40 (61.53%) were confirmed to be MRSA. Among MRSA and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) isolates, 97.5% and 60% produced biofilm, respectively. Resistance of MRSA isolates to amikacin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, mupirocin, rifampin, tetracycline, and tobramycin was 64.1%, 76.92%, 51.28%, 87.18%, 71.8%, 10.26%, 5.13%, 89.74%, and 61.54%, respectively. All MRSA and MSSA isolates were susceptible to fusidic acid, linezolid, teicoplanin, tigecycline, and vancomycin. Conclusions: The high prevalence of biofilm-producing, drug-resistant S. aureus isolates in our study suggests that epidemiological studies on the characteristics of common strains found in burn centers and a definition of their antibiotic resistance pattern would be helpful for therapeutic decisions.

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Prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) In A Secondary Care Hospital In North Eastern Part of India

Archives of Infectious Diseases & Therapy ◽

10.33140/aidt/02/01/00007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methicillin Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Wound Infections ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Sensitivity Pattern ◽

Mrsa Strains

Aim: In today’s scenario, Nosocomial infection is a foremost problem in world. Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains are not only resistant to several antibiotics but also, show a particular ability to spread in hospitals of many countries. The main objective of the present study is to determine the prevalence of MRSA in surgical wound infections and also to define the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the strains isolated. Materials and Methods: A total of 133 culture positive Staph.aureus were taken from surgical site wound infections for the study during the period from March 2016 to February 2017. Routine Antibiotic Susceptibility testing was performed and interpreted as per latest CLSI guidelines. Methicillin resistance was detected using cefoxitin disc diffusion method. Results: In total of 133 samples, 81 (60.9%) were found to be MRSA. However, no strain was resistant to Vancomycin, Linezolid or Teichoplanin. Conclusion: Vigorous antimicrobial stewardship and strengthened infection control practices are mandatory to prevent spread and reduce emergence of resistance. Customary surveillance of hospital-associated infection and monitoring of antibiotic sensitivity pattern is required to reduce MRSA prevalence.

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EVALUATION OF THE METHOSD FOR DETECTION METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.

Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy ◽

10.34071/jmp.2013.5.4 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 25-31

Author(s):

Thi Kim Chi Nguyen ◽

Dinh Binh Tran ◽

Thi Nam Lien Nguyen ◽

Van Tuan Mai ◽

Godreuil Sylvain

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methicillin Resistance ◽

Meca Gene ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Resistant Strains

Objective: To evaluate the infections that caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and the value of the tests to detect Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Subjects and Methods: Used routine techniques to culture and isolate S.aureus, test the antibiotic sensitivity by Kirby-Bauerr, determination the Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Oxacillin and cefoxitin disc and PCR in identified the mecA gene Staphylococcus aureus. Results: The rate of Staphylococcus aureus isolated is highest which isolated from pus specimens (55.06%). In 267 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated in the Department of Microbiology, Hue Central Hospital the Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus was 61.42%. The level of antibiotic resistant strains of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is higher than that in Methicillin-sensitive strains. Conclusion: Cefoxitin 30 microg disk diffusion method to detect Methicillin resistance is effective for determinate Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (sensitivity and specificity are all 100.00%). Key words: Staphylococcus aureus Methicillin-resistant.

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Prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteriuria among Pregnant Women Attending Secondary Health Hospitals in Ilorin, Nigeria

Journal of Advances in Microbiology ◽

10.9734/jamb/2021/v21i930383 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 50-57

Author(s):

Muritala I. Bale ◽

Shola K. Babatunde ◽

S. Awe

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Mannitol Salt Agar ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Sensitivity Profile

Background: Urinary tract infection is one of the most frequently acquired infections in both community and hospitals and is common among the adolescents and the old genders. Aim: To determine the prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteriuria among pregnant women attending secondary health hospitals in Ilorin, Nigeria Study Design: An experimental study which involve a random selection of consented pregnant women. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology Kwara State University Malete between January 2018 and June 2019. Methodology: In this study, a total of 856 pregnant women mid stream clean catch early morning voided urine samples for two consecutive days (383 of the samples were collected from Sobi Specialist Hospital, 278 from Adewole Cottage Hospital and 195 collected from Ajikobi Cottage Hospital) were randomly screened for the presence of Staphylococcus aureus bacteriuria using standard microbiological procedures such as growth on mannitol salt agar, Gram reaction, catalase and coagulase tests. The Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method was used to determine the antibiotic sensitivity profile of S. aureus isolated using oxoid antibiotic discs. Results: Out of 856 samples screened 56 samples (6.5%) showed significant Staphylococcus aureus bacteriuria, 16- 25 years has a prevalence rate of 5.6%, 26- 35 years (5.8%) while 35-45 years have the prevalence rate of 10.9%. A total of 7 (12.5%) methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus were isolated. Antibiotic sensitivity profile shows that 26.8% were resistance to gentamicin, 44.6% to tetracycline, 19.6% to chloramphenicol, 33.9 % to erythromycin, 67.9% to amoxicillin, 32% to augmentin, 12.6% to ceftriaxone, 5.3% to ciprofloxacin and 100% susceptibility to both nitrofurantoin and vancomycin. Conclusion: The study shows the high prevalence of MRSA and high susceptibility of nitrofurantoin and vancomycin to all the MRSA isolated.

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Methicillin Resistant and Biofi lm Producing Staphylococcus species Isolated from Different Clinical Specimens and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Isolates

Tribhuvan University Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3126/tujm.v7i0.33796 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 43-50

Author(s):

Pawana Pandey ◽

Anup Bastola ◽

Beena Shrestha ◽

Puspa Raj Dahal ◽

Pradeep Kumar Shah

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Mannitol Salt Agar ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Clinical Specimens ◽

Biofilm Production ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

Objectives: To determine prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in different clinical specimens and biofilm production along with antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2019 to February 2020at Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital. Total 3091 clinical specimens like blood, urine, sputum, pus, swab, body fluid were processed. Identification was done on the basis of colony characteristics, gram staining, culture in Mannitol Salt Agar, coagulase and oxidation fermentation test. Antibiotic susceptibility test and biofilm detection were performed by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion methods and Tissue Culture Plate technique (TCP) respectively. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus species were detected by using Cefoxitin disc. Results: Out of 52 Staphylococcus species, 39 were Staphylococcus aureus and 13 were Coagulase negative Staphylococcus species. Highest numbers of Staphylococcus species were isolated from blood Sixteen (30.8%) were Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 5(9.6%) were Methicillin resistant Coagulase negative Staphylococcus species. There was no significant association (p=0.25) between age group and prevalence of MRSA, MSSA, MRCoNS and MSCoNS. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus species were resistant to antibiotics like amoxicillin, cloxacillin, erythromycin and higher sensitivity was found in gentamycin. Among 52 Staphylococcal isolates, 11(21.1%) were biofilm producers and 41(78.9%) were non biofilm producers. 90.9%of 90.9% of Biofilm producing Staphylococcus species were resistant towards penicillin and erythromycin Conclusion: The study shows Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus species were resistant to most antibiotics and rate of resistance was slightly higher in biofilm producing isolates comparing to other isolates. resistance. Regular surveillance of methicillin resistance Staphylococcus species and routine screening of biofilm production is important.

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icaA/D Genes and Biofilm Formation of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya

Folia Medica Indonesiana ◽

10.20473/fmi.v54i4.10709 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 263

Author(s):

Putu Arya Suryanditha ◽

Yoeke Dewi Rasita ◽

Kartuti Debora ◽

K Kuntaman

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Meca Gene ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Health Concern ◽

Microtiter Plate Assay ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Biofilm Production ◽

Icad Gene

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a global health concern. One of the factors causing hospital infection is related to the ability of MRSA bacteria to form biofilms. Polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA), encoded by ica gene, have an important role in S. aureus intracellular accumulation and aggregation. The aims of this study was to analyze the relationship between icaA, icaD genes and biofilm production in MRSA carrier and clinical isolate in Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya. This study was an observational study using cross sectional approach. The sample was 47 MRSA isolates is as follow 28 isolates from carrier and 19 were clinical isolates. All of MRSA isolates carried mecA gene. PCR was performed to detect icaA and icaD genes. Biofilm formation was detected using microtiter plate assay (MTP). icaA gene was detected in all isolates whereas icaD gene in 96,4% carrier isolates and all (100%) of clinical isolates. Positive MTP results showed in all (100%) of carrier isolates and 57,9% of clinical isolates. Statistic result was significantly different in biofilm formation between carrier and clinical MRSA isolates. The proportion of positive biofilm formation in isolate with positive icaA/D genes was 82.6%. There was not any association between icaA and icaD gene with biofilm production.

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Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from various clinical samples of the patients attending in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Puducherry

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v10i2.721 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 1474-1480

Author(s):

Vamsi Muni Krishna P ◽

Sreenivasulu Reddy V ◽

Praveen Kumar V ◽

Suresh P

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methicillin Resistance ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Microbiological Methods

Staphylococci spp has been reported as a major cause of hospital and community-associated infections. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common pathogen causing a variety of infections relatively begins minor skin in sections (abscess. cellulitis, staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome) to live threating systemic infections like endocarditis, septic arthritis, pneumonia joint, and bone infections, toxic shock syndrome. Methicillin resistance was reported in 1961 and emerged in the last several decades as one of the most important nosocomial pathogens which were reported just one year of the launch of methicillin. MRSA now a day a big problem is because it is creating life threating problems medical institutions. The knowledge of MRSA prevalence and current antibiogram profile is necessary for the selection of appropriate treatment for related infections. Isolation and identification of Staphylococcus aureus were done by standard conventional microbiological methods. The Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains were tested by using Cefoxitin 30μg disc on Mueller - Hinton agar and antibiotic susceptibility testing were done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Insititute guidelines (CLSI). All the 164 MRSA (100%) strains were sensitive to Tigecycline, Vancomycin, Teicoplanin followed by Linezolid (92. 68%). Tigecycline, Vancomycin, Teicoplanin has until now excellent activity against clinical isolates of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

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