scholarly journals Biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from burn patients, Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1511-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solmaz Ohadian Moghadam ◽  
Mohammad Reza Pourmand ◽  
Farzaneh Aminharati
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions

Introduction: Burns are the most serious forms of trauma and a major cause of mortality worldwide. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most common pathogens of burn wound infections; treatment has faced serious problems due to antibiotic resistance in these strains. Biofilm formation, which increases antibiotic resistance capabilities and is considered to be a virulence factor, also causes treatment failure and recurrent staphylococcal infections in burn patients. Methodology: A total of 135 pus/wound swabs were collected; S. aureus was identified by confirmatory tests. The icaA/D and mecA genes were detected in DNA extracts by polymerase chain reaction assay separately. To determine the prevalence of biofilm formation, a modified Congo red agar and the microtiter plate method were used. Investigation of antibiotic resistance was performed using the disk diffusion method. Results: S. aureus (48.87%) was identified in 65 (48.87%) samples, of which 40 (61.53%) were confirmed to be MRSA. Among MRSA and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) isolates, 97.5% and 60% produced biofilm, respectively. Resistance of MRSA isolates to amikacin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, mupirocin, rifampin, tetracycline, and tobramycin was 64.1%, 76.92%, 51.28%, 87.18%, 71.8%, 10.26%, 5.13%, 89.74%, and 61.54%, respectively. All MRSA and MSSA isolates were susceptible to fusidic acid, linezolid, teicoplanin, tigecycline, and vancomycin. Conclusions: The high prevalence of biofilm-producing, drug-resistant S. aureus isolates in our study suggests that epidemiological studies on the characteristics of common strains found in burn centers and a definition of their antibiotic resistance pattern would be helpful for therapeutic decisions.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus with reference to MRSA isolates from pediatric patients

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Ram Gurung ◽  
Prashanna Maharjan ◽  
Ganga GC
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Abstract Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the important superbugs distributed throughout the world. It causes minor skin infections to severe complications including nosocomial infections in both hospitals and community settings. These strains have multi-drug resistant property. Hence, they are difficult to manage which increase health-related costs and simultaneously intensifying the need for new antibiotics. The extent of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in children is largely unknown. The study determines the current status of S. aureus and MRSA causing various infections in pediatric patients visiting International Friendship Children’s Hospital (IFCH). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients visiting a hospital. Various clinical specimens were aseptically collected and processed according to standard microbiological procedures. Isolation and identification of S. aureus were done by microscopy, mannitol fermentation, and coagulase positivity. All identified S. aureus isolates subjected to in-vitro antibiogram by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique adopting Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline. Isolates resistant to cefoxitin were considered to be MRSA. Whereas, isolates produced D-shaped inhibition zone around clindamycin when kept near erythromycin were considered to be Inducible Clindamycin Resistant (ICR). Results: 672 various types of clinical samples were processed from the microbiology laboratory from June and November 2015. Out of 300 culture positive samples, 52 (17.3%) were S. aureus isolates, among them 39 (75.0%) were found to be MRSA. The D-test showed that Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin-B (MLSB) phenotype was 15.4%. Conclusion: The study shows the MRSA occurrence is prevalent in pediatric patients and newer classes’ drugs are found more effective than β-lactam drugs to treat S. aureus infection. However, restriction on the indiscriminate use of such drugs may be an effective strategy to control the drug resistance. Keywords: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B (MLSB) phenotype, Inducible Clindamycin Resistant (ICR) test or D-zone test, Antibiotic resistance, Nepal

Evaluation of antibiotic resistance pattern and mecA gene frequency in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains collected from clinical specimens in Marand hospital and treatment centers, Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abolfazl Jafari-Sales ◽  
Zahra Sadeghi Deylamdeh ◽  
Afsoon Shariat
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Wide Range

Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide range of infections and as a multivalent pathogen is one of the causative agents of nosocomial and community infections. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify and determine the pattern of antibiotic resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from patients in hospitals and medical centers in Marand city and also to evaluate the presence of mecA gene. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, 385 samples of S. aureus were collected from different clinical samples of patients in hospitals and medical centers of Marand city. S. aureus was identified using standard biochemical methods.  Methicillin resistance was determined by disk diffusion method in the presence of oxacillin and cefoxitin. The pattern of antibiotic resistance of the strains was determined by disk diffusion method and according to CLSI recommendation and also PCR method was used to evaluate the frequency of MecA gene. Results: In the present study, out of 385 samples of S. aureus, 215 (55.84%) samples were methicillin resistant. PCR results for mecA gene showed that 110 samples had mecA gene.  The highest antibiotic resistance was observed against penicillin (100%) and erythromycin (83.63%). Most MRSA were isolated from urine and wound samples. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the prevalence of methicillin-resistant species and also the increase in antibiotic resistance of MRSA to various antibiotics.  Therefore, in order to prevent increased resistance to other antibiotics, it is recommended to avoid inappropriate use of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Wound Infections

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Jyoti Shrestha ◽  
Krishan Govinda Prajapati ◽  
Om Prakash Panta ◽  
Pramod Poudel ◽  
Santosh Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and antibiotic resistance pattern of the isolates from wound infections. Methods: A total of 706 wound specimens including pus and wound swab were analyzed in the laboratory of B and B Hospital, Lalitpur from May to October 2014. The specimens were cultured on Blood Agar and Mannitol Salt Agar plates and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Strains resistant to cefoxitin (30mcg) with inhibition zone ≤ 21mm were identified as MRSA. Results: Out of 366 bacterial isolates, 90 (24.6%) were S. aureus and among them 16.7% were MRSA and 54.4% multi-drug resistant (MDR). All isolates were sensitive to vancomycin and most of the isolates were sensitive to cefoxitin (83.3%). High rate of resistance was observed towards penicillin (98.9%) and ampicillin (86.7%). All MRSA isolates and 52.9% of methicillin sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) were MDR. Conclusion: MRSA incidence is increasing in the population, and therapeutic measures are few and accompanied by diverse side effects. It is noteworthy to state that vancomycin is still the first line drug although vancomycin-resistant strains have been reported.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Iranian Burn Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 284-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Tajik ◽  
Shahin Najar Peerayeh ◽  
Bita Bakhshi ◽  
Reza Golmohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Burn Wound ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Pfge Typing ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Background & Objective: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is reported as one of the important bacterial causes of burn wound infections. This study was carried out to investigate molecular characterization of community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) isolated from Iranian burn patients. Methods: A total of 31 isolates of S. aureus were collected fromthe Motahari Burns Hospital (Tehran, Iran) in 2016. All isolates were collected from outpatients and inpatients within 48 hours of admission. The mecA, pvl, tsst-1, hla-α, and psmα genes detecting, SCCmec, agr and PFGE typing were done. Results: A total of 13 (41.9%) isolates were cefoxitin-resistant and mecA-positive, which were considered as MRSA. The SCCmec typing MRSA strains revealed type II in 1 (7.7%), type III in 9 (69.2%), and other types in 3 isolates (23.7%) cases. The agrtyping of all 31 isolates showed that 14 (45.2%), 1 (3.2%), 6 (19.4%), and 10 (32.3%) strains belonged to agr groups 1, 3, 4, and unknown type, respectively. The pvl, tsst-1, hla-α, and psmα genes were positive in 3 (9.7%), 4 (12.9%), 21 (67.7%), and 31 (100%) isolates, respectively. Considering the cut-off values of ≥50%, 3 groups of related isolates (cluster A1, B1, and C1) in PFGE study were observed. Conclusion: The MRSA strains of this study were initially isolated as Community-associated S. aureus (CA-MRSA); however molecular characterization showed that a significant proportion of them had hospital-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) features. Therefore, it is likely that the HA-MRSA strains are spread among the community.

scholarly journals Prevalence of PVL and LucED Genes in Methicillin-resistant and Susceptible Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated From Burn Patients in Kermanshah, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feizollah Mansouri ◽  
Siavash Vaziri ◽  
Mandana Afsharian ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Zamanian ◽  
Nahid Madadi-Goli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reactions ◽  
Severe Infections

Background: The main pathogen causing various nosocomial infections, especially in burn patients, is Staphylococcus aureus. An important virulence factor of this bacterium is leukocidin, which binds to white blood cells and leads to apoptosis and necrosis. Objectives: In the present research, we aimed at investigating the prevalence of the panton-valentine leukocidin (PVL) and LucED genes in methicillin-susceptible and resistant isolates of S. aureus isolated from burn patients in Kermanshah, Iran. Methods: Overall, 73 isolates of S. aureus were collected from burn wounds and identified by specific biochemical tests. After determining the susceptibility patterns of the isolates by the disc diffusion method, the frequencies of the PVL and LucED genes were assessed using specific primers and polymerase chain reactions. Results: The rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) isolates were 58.9% (43 isolates) and 41.1% (30 isolates), respectively. In MRSA isolates, the highest antibiotic resistance was to penicillin (100%) and gentamicin (81.4%). Moreover, the frequencies of the LucED and PVL genes were 76.7% (56 isolates) and 27.4% (20 isolates), respectively, and the highest frequency of the LucED and PVL genes was observed in MRSA (81.4%) and MSSA (40%) isolates, respectively. Conclusions: Increased multidrug resistance pattern among S. aureus isolates with leukocidin production has led to treatment failure and severe infections. The development of infections can be prevented by the identification of isolates carrying the leukocidin gene, and early detection of MRSA isolates is feasible by using the PVL gene.

scholarly journals Biofilm Formation and its Association with Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bajarangi Lal Chaudhary ◽  
Dakshina Bisht ◽  
Sameer Singh Faujdar
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Biofilm Production

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a clinically significant pathogen that causes infections ranging from skin and soft tissue infections to life-threatening sepsis. Biofilm formation by MRSA is one of the crucial virulence factor. Determination of beta-lactamase and biofilm production among Staphylococcus aureus was obtained from various clinical specimens. Standard bacteriological procedures were used for isolation and identification and antibiotic sensitivity was determined using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. The cloverleaf method, acidometric, iodometric and chromogenic methods were used to detect beta-lactamase while the microtiter plate method and Congo red agar method were used to detect biofilm production. Of the 288 MRSA strains isolated from various clinical specimens,198 (67.07%) were biofilm producers. Cloverleaf and chromogenic (nitrocefin) disc shows 100% results for beta-lactamase detection. Vancomycin was 100% sensitive followed by teicoplanin (92.36%) and linezolid (89.93%). Cloverleaf and nitrocefin disc methods were the most sensitive for detection of beta-lactamase in S. aureus and there was no significant relation between biofilm production and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of S. aureus.

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