scholarly journals Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19): Features, Epidemiology, Mutational variations and Treatments Across India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayani Jati ◽  
Kanthesh M. Basalingappa ◽  
B. Geethanjali ◽  
R. Parthiban ◽  
S. Prathibha Rajashekara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
New Variant ◽  
The World ◽  
Rapid Transmission ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Structure Of Proteins

Coronaviruses are a group of enveloped viruses with a longer, undivided single-stranded RNA genome, which cause diseases in a variety of animals and humans. In addition to infecting other economically important animals (such as pigs or chickens), six coronaviruses are known to infect human hosts, causing respiratory illness. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) are highly pathogenic animal coronaviruses that have produced local, regional, and worldwide outbreaks. It is suspected that the current pandemic, caused by a similar coronavirus (SARS-CoVID-19). A new variant of B.1.617 lineage that causes worry about many countries has been identified first in the UK but it makes the worst scenario in India. This includes mutants with immune prolapse E484K and N501Y mutations. Some new variants recently discovered in India like double & triple mutation due to some specific climatic and environmental conditions. Because it creates a viral exodermis and contacts human cells due to mutations in peplomer proteins. The other type of protein is spike protein, are required to bind to receptors in human cells mutations. It can improve the affinity for human receptors and increase the virus, they can cause immune prolapse and reinfection. Moreover, these viruses are capable of adapting and mutating to the new environment. Our immune system is unable to distinguish them from previous infections due to changes in the structure of proteins. The rapid transmission of the COVID-19 around the world causing a severe mortality rate depends on mutation on their spike protein.

scholarly journals Host-cell recognition through GRP78 is enhanced in the new UK variant of SARS-CoV-2, in silico 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdo A Elfiky ◽  
Ibrahim M Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Host Cell ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Cell Recognition ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Host Cell Receptor ◽  
Mutant Variant ◽  
New Variant ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Host Cell Recognition

Abstract New SARS-CoV-2 variant VUI 202012/01 started in the UK and currently spreading in Europe and Australia during the last few days. The new variant bears about nine mutations in the spike protein (Δ69-70, Δ145, N501Y, A570D, D614G, P681H, T716I, S982A, and D1118H). The N501Y lies in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike and interacts with the host-cell receptor ACE2 responsible for viral recognition and entry. We tried to simulate the system of ACE2-SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD in the wildtype and mutated isoform of the RBD (N501Y). Additionally, the GRP78 association with the ACE2-SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD is modeled at the presence of this mutant variant of the viral spike.

Binding Profile Assessment of N501Y: a More Infectious Mutation on the Receptor Binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzhao Zhang ◽  
Xibing He ◽  
Viet Hoang Man ◽  
Jingchen Zhai ◽  
Beihong Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
World Health ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Binding Profile ◽  
New Variant ◽  
The World

<p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in December 2019 and has accumulated nearly a hundred million reported infections thereafter. This highly transmissible and pathogenic coronavirus has caused a pandemic of acute respiratory disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has caught extensive attention and greatly changed people’s lifestyles all over the world. As an RNA virus, SARS-CoV-2 mutates rapidly as the virus replicates. The world health organization is now closely monitoring the emergence of a new variant, N501Y, on the spike protein. This N501Y variant is found to have higher transmission ability and infectivity, and is believed to be related to the rapid increase of COVID-19 cases in December 2020 in the UK. It was recently reported that the N501Y variants reduce neutralization sensitivity to convalescent sera and monoclonal antibodies. The Tyr mutation at 501 is located at the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein, the area that directly contacts human ACE2 (hACE2). It’s urgent to figure out the driving force of the new mutant’s enhanced infectivity. Thus, a computational aided binding profile prediction is made to investigate the binding affinity alteration and potential structural change of the N501Y mutant. <a>The resulting structures of N501Y mutant from MD simulations could be used to develop drug inhibitors against hACE2/RBD binding. </a></p>

scholarly journals PROPERTIES AND PATHOGENESIS OF CORONAVIRUSES

Kosmos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-285
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kwiatek
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Zoonotic Viruses ◽  
The World ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
Health Organization

In 2019, a new human pandemic coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged in Wuhan, China. We present the actual state of knowledge on Betacoronaviruses, including data on SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Betacoronaviruses are enveloped viruses with nonsegmented, positive-sense single-stranded RNA genome. SARS-CoV, MERSCoV, and SARS-CoV-2 are highly pathogenic zoonotic viruses. SARS-CoV-2 is an etiological factor of COVID-19, which has been brought to global attention and declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in 2020. The SARS-CoV-2 is similar to other coronaviruses, nevertheless some differences were observed. As no specific therapeutics and vaccines are available for disease control, the epidemic of COVID-19 is posing a great threat for the global public health.

Uncertainty in the New Appearance of a New Strain of Covid-19 in the World. Lethal or Non-Lethal?

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Gabriel Sacasa Escala
Keyword(s):  
Protein S ◽  
Spike Glycoprotein ◽  
S Gene ◽  
New Variant ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk

In the UK, a new variant called SARS-CoV-2 VUI was discovered. This variant is defined by the spread of a mutation of the SARS-CoV-2 peak protein (S). The S gene encodes the spike glycoprotein, which binds to host ACE2 receptors and is required for the initiation of infection.

scholarly journals Origin, Phylogeny, Variability and Epitope Conservation of SARS-CoV-2 Worldwide

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipa F Vale ◽  
Jorge M.B. Vítor ◽  
Andreia T. Marques ◽  
José Miguel Azevedo-Pereira ◽  
Elsa Anes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Genomic Variability ◽  
Spike Gene ◽  
The World ◽  
Structure Of Proteins

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) challenges include understanding what triggered SARS-CoV-2 emergence, how this RNA virus is evolving or how the genomic variability may impact the primary structure of proteins that are targets for vaccine. We analyzed 19471 SARS-CoV-2 genomes and 199,984 spike glycoprotein sequences available at the GISAID database from all over the world and 3335 genomes of other Coronoviridae family members available at Genbank, collecting SARS-CoV-2 high-quality genomes and distinct Coronoviridae family genomes. Here, we identify a SARS-CoV-2 emerging cluster containing 13 closely related genomes isolated from bat and pangolin that showed evidence of recombination, which may have contributed to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2. The analyzed SARS-CoV-2 genomes presented 9632 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) corresponding to a variant density of 0.3 over the genome, and a clear geographic distribution. SNPs are unevenly distributed throughout the genome and hotspots for mutations were found for the spike gene and ORF 1ab. We describe a set of predicted spike protein epitopes whose variability is negligible. All predicted epitopes for the structural E, M and N proteins are highly conserved. This result favors the continuous efficacy of the available vaccines.

scholarly journals Evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in the human host

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoni Wrobel ◽  
Donald Benton ◽  
Chloë Roustan ◽  
Annabel Borg ◽  
Saira Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Spike Glycoprotein ◽  
Neutralising Antibodies ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
Human Host ◽  
Binding Domains ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Variants of SARS-CoV-2 have emerged which contain multiple substitutions in the surface spike glycoprotein that have been associated with increased transmission and resistance to neutralising antibodies and antisera. We have examined the structure and receptor binding properties of spike proteins from the B.1.1.7 (UK) and B.1.351 (SA) variants to better understand the evolution of the virus in humans. Both variants’ spikes have the same mutation, N501Y, in their receptor-binding domains that confers tighter ACE2 binding and this substitution relies on a common earlier substitution (D614G) to achieve the tighter binding. Each variant spike has also acquired a key change in structure that impacts virus pathogenesis. Unlike other SARS-CoV-2 spikes, the spike from the UK variant is stable against detrimerisation on binding ACE2. This feature primarily arises from the acquisition of a substitution at the S1-S2 furin site that allows for near-complete cleavage. In the SA variant spike, the presence of a new substitution, K417N, again on the background of the D614G substitution, enables the spike trimer to adopt fully open conformations that are required for receptor binding. Both types of structural change likely contribute to the increased effectiveness of these viruses for infecting human cells.

scholarly journals Binding Profile Assessment of N501Y: a More Infectious Mutation on the Receptor Binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzhao Zhang ◽  
Xibing He ◽  
Viet Hoang Man ◽  
Jingchen Zhai ◽  
Beihong Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
World Health ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Binding Profile ◽  
New Variant ◽  
The World

<p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in December 2019 and has accumulated nearly a hundred million reported infections thereafter. This highly transmissible and pathogenic coronavirus has caused a pandemic of acute respiratory disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has caught extensive attention and greatly changed people’s lifestyles all over the world. As an RNA virus, SARS-CoV-2 mutates rapidly as the virus replicates. The world health organization is now closely monitoring the emergence of a new variant, N501Y, on the spike protein. This N501Y variant is found to have higher transmission ability and infectivity, and is believed to be related to the rapid increase of COVID-19 cases in December 2020 in the UK. It was recently reported that the N501Y variants reduce neutralization sensitivity to convalescent sera and monoclonal antibodies. The Tyr mutation at 501 is located at the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein, the area that directly contacts human ACE2 (hACE2). It’s urgent to figure out the driving force of the new mutant’s enhanced infectivity. Thus, a computational aided binding profile prediction is made to investigate the binding affinity alteration and potential structural change of the N501Y mutant. <a>The resulting structures of N501Y mutant from MD simulations could be used to develop drug inhibitors against hACE2/RBD binding. </a></p>

scholarly journals Binding Profile Assessment of N501Y: a More Infectious Mutation on the Receptor Binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzhao Zhang ◽  
Xibing He ◽  
Viet Hoang Man ◽  
Jingchen Zhai ◽  
Beihong Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Binding Domain ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
World Health ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Binding Profile ◽  
New Variant ◽  
The World

<p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in December 2019 and has accumulated nearly a hundred million reported infections thereafter. This highly transmissible and pathogenic coronavirus has caused a pandemic of acute respiratory disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has caught extensive attention and greatly changed people’s lifestyles all over the world. As an RNA virus, SARS-CoV-2 mutates rapidly as the virus replicates. The world health organization is now closely monitoring the emergence of a new variant, N501Y, on the spike protein. This N501Y variant is found to have higher transmission ability and infectivity, and is believed to be related to the rapid increase of COVID-19 cases in December 2020 in the UK. It was recently reported that the N501Y variants reduce neutralization sensitivity to convalescent sera and monoclonal antibodies. The Tyr mutation at 501 is located at the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein, the area that directly contacts human ACE2 (hACE2). It’s urgent to figure out the driving force of the new mutant’s enhanced infectivity. Thus, a computational aided binding profile prediction is made to investigate the binding affinity alteration and potential structural change of the N501Y mutant. <a>The resulting structures of N501Y mutant from MD simulations could be used to develop drug inhibitors against hACE2/RBD binding. </a></p>

International Listening Post report summary: the world at the dawn of 2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-124
Author(s):  
Sandy Henderson ◽  
Ulrike Beland ◽  
Dimitrios Vonofakos
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Faroe Islands ◽  
The South ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk

On or around 9 January 2019, twenty-two Listening Posts were conducted in nineteen countries: Canada, Chile, Denmark, Faroe Islands, Finland, Germany (Frankfurt and Berlin), Hungary, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy (two in Milan and one in the South), Peru, Serbia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Turkey, and the UK. This report synthesises the reports of those Listening Posts and organises the data yielded by them into common themes and patterns.

Discovery of Some Antiviral Natural products to fight against Novel Corona Virus (SARS-CoV-2) using Insilico approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Shah ◽  
Vaishali Patel ◽  
Bhumika Parmar
Keyword(s):  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Protein S ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
Bioactivity Prediction ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Deadly Disease

Background: Novel Corona virus is a type of enveloped viruses with a single stranded RNA enclosing helical nucleocapsid. The envelope consists of spikes on the surface which are made up of proteins through which virus enters into human cells. Until now there is no specific drug or vaccine available to treat COVID-19 infection. In this scenario, reposting of drug or active molecules may provide rapid solution to fight against this deadly disease. Objective: We had selected 30 phytoconstituents from the different plants which are reported for antiviral activities against corona virus (CoVs) and performed insilico screening to find out phytoconstituents which have potency to inhibit specific target of novel corona virus. Methods: We had perform molecular docking studies on three different proteins of novel corona virus namely COVID-19 main protease (3CL pro), papain-like protease (PL pro) and spike protein (S) attached to ACE2 binding domain. The screening of the phytoconstituents on the basis of binding affinity compared to standard drugs. The validations of screened compounds were done using ADMET and bioactivity prediction. Results: We had screened five compounds biscoclaurine, norreticuline, amentoflavone, licoricidin and myricetin using insilico approach. All compounds found safe in insilico toxicity studies. Bioactivity prediction reviles that these all compounds may act through protease or enzyme inhibition. Results of compound biscoclaurine norreticuline were more interesting as this biscoclaurine had higher binding affinity for the target 3CLpro and PLpro targets and norreticuline had higher binding affinity for the target PLpro and Spike protein. Conclusion: Our study concludes that these compounds could be further explored rapidly as it may have potential to fight against COVID-19.

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