Brain Tumour Texture Analysis-A Method

Computer aided technology is used in biomedical image processing. In biomedical analysis features are extracted and then the proposed method will detect any abnormalities present or not in the system to be considered. In recent days the detection of brain tumour through image processing is made in medical diagnosis. The separation of tumor is made by the process of segmentation. Brain in human is the most complicated and delicate anatomical structure. There are various brain ailments in human but the indication of cancer in brain tumour may be fatal for the human. Brain tumor can be malignant or benign. The neurologist or neurosurgeon wants to know the exact location, size, shape and texture of tumor from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of brain before going to the operation of the brain tumour or decided whether operation of removing brain tumour is at all necessary or not. The disease is analyzed since operation may cause death to the patient. Initially they took a chance by prescribing medicines to see whether there is any improvement of the condition of the patient. If the result is not satisfactory then there is no option other than operation of the tumor. Doctors also take an attempt to find the texture of the tumor since it may help them to know the progress of the tumour. In addition to Brain tumor segmentation, the detection of surface of the texture of brain tumor is required for proper treatment. The chapter proposed methods for detection of the progressive nature of the texture in the tumor presence in brain. For this process segmentation of tumor from other parts of brain is essential. In the chapter segmentation techniques are presented before the texture analysis process is given. Finally, comparisons of the proposed method with other methods are analyzed.

Consequences Assessment of Destructive Informational Effects on the Basis of Complex Analysis of Biomarker System and its Overcoming

The article is based on the concept of forming various stress-related disorders in crisis situations. It is proved that destructive informational effects in modern conditions are an integral part in the formation of crisis situation syndromes and posttraumatic stress disorder. In the course of research, the possibility of using the system of biological markers for timely detection and effective treatment of stress-associated and informational disorders was established (before other clinical symptoms or their reaching diagnostic threshold). It also allows timely assessment of the subjective adaptation threshold of people at risk, to identify and reduce the negative effects of stress-related disorders. The use of the biomarkers was also researched for the diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, prevention of stress-related disorders among participants of crisis situations.

Challenges Encountered by Mental Health Workers in Rwanda; Current Situation and Future Needs

The burden of mental health has become a great concern for public health as the diseases caused by mental health is ranking second worldwide. According to the HWO countries of Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) don’t allocate enough financial means to mental healthcare. The lack of will or interest in mental health in these countries causes different challenges in this sector. Rwanda as one of LMICs is not served on the challenges although it might have its particularities. This study aimed to explore the challenges encountered by Rwandan local mental health workers within and outside of their demanding work. Method: An interpretative qualitative mixed with quantitative design. The self-administrated questionnaire with open-ended questions, demographic data as well as qualitative data was systematically prepared, explained, and given to respondents. The questionnaire was completed by sixty mental health workers from various institutions with mental health in Rwanda. SPSS was used in quantitative data analysis while the main part of data used Thematic analysis for qualitative data analysis. Results: The main results immersed in themes that consist of the shortage of; salary, poverty of mental health seekers, culture, and beliefs toward mental health, training, and professional development of mental health works. The study concluded with a better understanding of challenges in mental health practice in Rwanda and the outcome could be used to decrease challenges for mental health professionals and sustain of the mental healthcare system in Rwanda.

Patient Safety and Unplanned Extubation in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: A Analytical Observational Study

Introduction: Unplanned extubation (UE) is characterized by the removal or displacement of the endotracheal tube (ETT). Objectives: To analyze the incidence of unplanned extubation, characterize the most prevalent cases of unplanned extubation and analyze an extubation protocol. Methodology: This study is characterized as an analytical observational study design, performed in two stages: field research to collect and analyze data from medical records and analysis of the NPE protocol used by a large hospital. Results: In the collected medical records, rates of 7.75 UE/100 days of MV for general and surgical ICU and 4.68 UE/100 days of MV for cardiopediatric ICU were found. The female gender was predominant in the group of patients evaluated and the cause of unknown origin was the most prevalent. We identified 19 unplanned extubations in the general and surgical ICU, and 9 episodes of unplanned extubation in the cardiopediatric ICU, 28 occurrences. For the protocol evaluation the AGREE II instrument was used and the following scores were obtained: domain 1 with 85.19%; domain 2 with 72.22%; domain 3 with 35.42%; domain 4 with 96.30%; domain 5 with 76.39% and domain 6 with 100%. The general score of the protocol evaluation was grade four. Conclusion: The data presented can be of great benefit for prevention, identification and early intervention of UE episodes in pediatric patients with higher risk factors.

The Italian Patients’ Mobility as Hospital Policies Assessment

Background: The analysis of mobility flows (movement of patients to hospital away from the place of residence) involves aspects of services quality (real/perceived), equity of access to healthcare and considerable financial flows. This work has a methodological meaning and summarizes the author’s experience over the years in order to demonstrate the usefulness of Gandy’s Nomogram (Cartesian graphic tool) to evaluate hospital patients’ mobility at MACRO, MESO and MICRO level. Materials and Methods: We analysed data of Hospital Discharge Cards (HDCs) produced by Italian hospital and provided by the HDCs Database of General Directorate for Health Planning of Ministry of Health from 1998 to 2019. We used also data produced by Management Control of Polyclinic of Siena from 1988 to 2007. The subjects of the analysis (catchment areas) were hospital networks of single Italian regions and in particular the Province of Siena. The study of flows was developed through Gandy’s Nomogram. The trend analysis was carried out through STATA 14. Results: Gandy’s Nomogram of inter-regional mobility showed that there was a concentration of critical situations, especially in southern Italy, where only Basilicata seemed to have embarked on a clear path for enhancing hospital supply during the studied period. The regions of Centre-North, in particular Lombardy, Emilia Romagna and Friuli-Venezia Giulia appeared to be in virtuous conditions. Conclusion: Gandy’s Nomogram, used to represent health mobility flows, has proven to be a practical graphical tool that can provide a geographical interpretation of access to health services and it is useful for health policy evaluation and planning

Did the COVID-19 Pandemic Makes Scientists Forget 'Primum Non-Nocere', One of the Most Important Principles Of Bioethics?

The famous Latin phrase, the origin is uncertain ‘’Primum non-nocere (first, no harm)’’ is one of the principal precepts of bioethics that all students are taught in medical schools and is a fundamental principle world.

Covid-19, Health Care in Ghana and the Fundamental Laws of Medical Science

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of available research concerning covid-19 in Ghana. It presents challenges, measures from the health care delivery sector in the public health facilities. The article draws some strength from the fundamental laws of medicine as they aid to prepare the scientists in their combat against the novel Covid-19, its variants such as Delta and Omicron. Though the government has suffered economically from lockdowns and social interventions, its resilience efforts have been acclaimed to be successful and have to be emulated by other countries. The health care workers in Ghana's dissatisfaction with their jobs in these periods have not sidelined government efforts to lead and care for its citizens amid a pandemic.

Achievements in Reducing the Hospitalization Rate of Home Care Patients in a Regional Hospital in Taiwan

This article provides practical experience of cross-field integration and cooperation in hospitals in a certain region of Taiwan from 2018 to 2019 to reduce the hospitalization rate of home care, reduce the care load of caregivers, improve the quality of care and reduce medical expenses.

A Perspective on How Coronavirus Commenced and its Disruptive Impact on Global Economy

This COVID-19 pandemic has a colossal impact on individuals as well as society. The discipline of health economics has grown significantly in recent years and new methodologies and techniques have been developed to evaluate the economic burden of the diseases. Amid the lockdown, scarce resources and increasing medical costs have highlighted the need to quantify the burden of COVID-19 on the healthcare system and thus the present study tried to make accurate economic assessments of the impact of this disease. The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented shock to the economies globally. With the prolonged nation-wide lockdown, global economic downturn, and imbalances of demand and supply sides, the global economy is facing an extended period of slowdown, which is likely to be existing for a while now. The magnitude of the economic impact will depend upon the duration and severity of this global health crisis and the manner in which the situation unfolds once the economy starts to recover

Covid-19, Socio-Economic Impact and the Nigerian Government: An Overview

The outbreak of Covid-19 has both local and global implications with the response at both levels. However, national governments are the major player and device strategy and measures to lessen the negative impact on their populace. This paper carried out an overview of the Nigerian case with emphasis on the social and economic sides vis-à-vis government palliatives response measures. The analytical design was used to critically examine secondary data while the social contract theory was employed as a framework. The findings reveal that the Nigerian government efforts to lessen the adverse effects of the pandemic produced minimal impact due to government unpreparedness, corruption and administrative laxity. It recommends that the Nigerian governments should scale up their level of preparation for emergency situations and ramp up investment in the health sector for better performance amongst others.