scholarly journals Black Hole - A Beginning, not the End

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 1524-1525
Author(s):  
Purujit Malik
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Dark Matter ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Hawking Radiation ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Physical Aspect ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity

A black hole is a region of space from which nothing, not even light, can escape. According to the general theory of relativity[2], it starts existing when spacetime gets curved by a huge mass. There is a sphere around the black hole. If something goes inside the sphere, it can not leave. This sphere is called the event horizon. A black hole is black because it absorbs all the light that hits it. It reflects nothing, just like a perfect black body in thermodynamics. Under quantum mechanics, black holes have a temperature and emit Hawking radiation, which makes them slowly get smaller.Because black holes are very hard to see, people trying to see them look for them by the way they affect other things near them. The place where there is a black hole can be found by tracking the movement of stars that orbit somewhere in space. Or people can find it when gas falls into a black hole, because the gas heats up and is very bright[1].However besides all these theories we still do not know what a black hole and dark matter is because all these theories rely on the much physical aspect of things and not on a unified understanding of creation.

scholarly journals New horizons in black hole astrophysics

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-14
Author(s):  
Roger Blandford
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Galactic Evolution ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Luminous Objects ◽  
The Universe

Black holes, a seemingly inevitable consequence of Einstein’s general theory of relativity and stellar and galactic evolution are being observed in many new ways with masses ranging from roughly three to ten billion solar masses. Their masses and spins determine how they power the most luminous objects in the universe and impact their environments.

scholarly journals The simplest origin of the big bounce and inflation

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (14) ◽  
pp. 1847020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikodem Popławski
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Curved Spacetime ◽  
Geometrical Object ◽  
Recent Debate ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Big Bounce

Torsion is a geometrical object, required by quantum mechanics in curved spacetime, which may naturally solve fundamental problems of general theory of relativity and cosmology. The black-hole cosmology, resulting from torsion, could be a scenario uniting the ideas of the big bounce and inflation, which were the subject of a recent debate of renowned cosmologists.

Dualism QM and GR

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaly Kuyukov
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Noncommutative Geometry ◽  
Quantum Tunneling ◽  
Closed Surface ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Surface Integral ◽  
Definition Of

Quantum tunneling of noncommutative geometry gives the definition of time in the form of holography, that is, in the form of a closed surface integral. Ultimately, the holography of time shows the dualism between quantum mechanics and the general theory of relativity.

Frontiers of Quantum Black Holes

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Wontae KIM ◽  
Mu-In PARK
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
General Relativity ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Direct Detection ◽  
Occupation Number ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Quantum Radiation ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Massless Quantum

A black hole is a theoretical prediction of Einstein’s general theory of relativity, differently from Newtonian gravity, which is a non-relativistic gravity. In recent few years, its direct detection via gravitational waves and other multi-messenger observations have made it possible to test the prediction and hence its associated general relativity. From purely theoretical points of view, general relativity cannot be a complete description due to its not being compatible with quantum mechanics, which is a successful description of microscopic objects. In this article, we introduce the conceptional development of quantum-gravity theories and give brief sketches of fundamental problems in quantum black holes. As an interesting model of quantum black holes, we consider a collapsing shell of matter to form a Hayward black hole and investigate semiclassically quantum radiation from the shell. By using the Israel’s formulation and the functional Schrödinger formulation for massless quantum radiation, we find that the Hawking temperature can be deduced from the occupation number of excited states when the shell approaches its own horizon.

scholarly journals Relativistic redshift of the star S0-2 orbiting the Galactic Center supermassive black hole

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 365 (6454) ◽  
pp. 664-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuan Do ◽  
Aurelien Hees ◽  
Andrea Ghez ◽  
Gregory D. Martinez ◽  
Devin S. Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Galactic Center ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Gravitational Redshift ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Supermassive Black Hole ◽  
Newtonian Model

The general theory of relativity predicts that a star passing close to a supermassive black hole should exhibit a relativistic redshift. In this study, we used observations of the Galactic Center star S0-2 to test this prediction. We combined existing spectroscopic and astrometric measurements from 1995–2017, which cover S0-2’s 16-year orbit, with measurements from March to September 2018, which cover three events during S0-2’s closest approach to the black hole. We detected a combination of special relativistic and gravitational redshift, quantified using the redshift parameter ϒ. Our result, ϒ = 0.88 ± 0.17, is consistent with general relativity (ϒ = 1) and excludes a Newtonian model (ϒ = 0) with a statistical significance of 5σ.

scholarly journals Experiments on the symmetry of length and time

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Chunhong
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Piezoelectric Sensor ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Time Coordinate ◽  
Time Position

Abstract The F - t curve obtained from the process of applying and releasing force to the piezoelectric sensor shows that in the atomic scale, the time coordinate is equivalent to the position coordinate. The time-position coordinate relationship calculated by the experimental data is consistent with the geometric unit obtained in the general theory of relativity, thus the experiment verifies the symmetry of length and time,and connection between the microscopic - quantum mechanics and the macroscopic - general theory of relativity, and a new method for calculating the speed of light is obtained.

Black-hole Information Loss Problem: Past, Present, and Future

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Sang-Heon YI ◽  
Dong-han YEOM
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Information ◽  
Hawking Radiation ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Information Loss ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Black Hole Information ◽  
Information Loss Problem

In this article, we discuss the information loss problem of black holes and critically review candidate resolutions of the problem. As a black hole evaporates via Hawking radiation, it seems to lose original quantum information; this indicates that the unitarity of time evolution in quantum mechanics and the fundamental predictability of physics are lost. We categorized candidate resolutions by asking (1) where information is and (2) which principle of physics is changed. We also briefly comment on the recent progress in the string theory community. Finally, we present several remarks for future perspectives.

scholarly journals Redefining Gravity: Field versus Flow

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Mehmet Bora Cilek
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Alternative Theory ◽  
Curvature Effect ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Flow Mechanism ◽  
Spacetime Curvature ◽  
Field Versus ◽  
The Universe

General Theory of Relativity constitutes the framework for our understanding of the universe, with an emphasis on gravity. Many of Einstein’s predictions have been verified experimentally but General and Special Theories of Relativity contain several anomalies and paradoxes, yet to be answered. Also, there are serious conflicts with Quantum Mechanics; gravity being the weakest and least understood force, is a major problem.Supported by clear experimental evidence, it is theorised that gravity is not a field or spacetime curvature effect, but rather has a flow mechanism. This is not an alternative theory of gravity with an alternative metric. Established laws and equations from Newton and Einstein are essentially left unchanged. However, spacetime curvature is replaced with flow, producing a refined and compatible theory.

scholarly journals HAWKING RADIATION: A PARTICLE PHYSICS PERSPECTIVE

1993 ◽  
Vol 08 (18) ◽  
pp. 1661-1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
MATT VISSER
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Decay Rate ◽  
Hawking Radiation ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Naked Singularity ◽  
Black Body ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Radiation Process

It has recently become fashionable to regard black holes as elementary particles. By taking this suggestion reasonably seriously it is possible to cobble together an elementary particle physics based on estimate for the decay rate (black hole) i → (black hole) f+ (massless quantum) . This estimate of the spontaneous emission rate contains two free parameters which may be fixed by demanding that the high energy end of the spectrum of emitted quanta match a black body spectrum at the Hawking temperature. The calculation, though technically trivial, has important conceptual implications: (1) The existence of Hawking radiation from black holes seems ultimately dependent only on the fact that massless quanta (and all other forms of matter) couple to gravity. (2) The essentially thermal nature of the Hawking spectrum seems to depend only on the fact that the number of internal states of a large mass black hole is enormous. (3) Remarkably, the resulting formula for the decay rate gives meaningful answers even when extrapolated to low mass black holes. The analysis seems to support the scenario of complete evaporation as the end point of the Hawking radiation process (no naked singularity, no stable massive remnant).

scholarly journals THE NOBEL COMMITTEE CONTINUES TO PAY ITS DEBTS Some thoughts on the Nobel Prize in Physics for 2020

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Serge L. Parnovsky ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Compact Object ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Hole Formation ◽  
Nobel Committee ◽  
Nobel Prize In Physics ◽  
Robust Prediction

The Nobel Prize in Physics in 2020 was awarded to the famous British physicist, mathematician, philosopher of science Roger Penrose “for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity” as well as German astrophysicist Reinhard Genzel and American astronomer Andrea Ghez “for the discovery of a supermassive compact object at the center of our galaxy.”

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document