Nobel Committee Honors Two Pioneers in Climate Physics

This year’s Nobel prize in physics is awarded - in part - to two climate scientists, who made fundamental contributions to our understanding of the climate system and its response to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Their research marks a milestone in understanding, simulating, and detecting human-induced climate change.

Borderline: Frontiers of Peace

From Portugal to Bulgaria, from Finland to Greece, photographer Valerio Vincenzo zigzagged along the length of nearly 20,000 kilometers of borders between the countries that are part of the European Union and/or the Schengen Area. Considering Europe’s history over the 19th and 20th centuries, full of scars, walls and trenches, these images document a silent revolution. Barely sixty years ago, the Schengen Area was merely a utopian notion. This photographic work shows a utopia that has become reality. Europe received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2012 for such an achievement. The Nobel Committee stated, ‘The union and its forerunners have for over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe.’ Today, the final words of this statement are being called into question, as indeed are the construction of Europe and the Schengen Area, too. Is Europe caught in a dilemma between its values and the pragmatic difficulty of enforcing them? Will the images included in this project end up relegated to history books, witnesses to a bygone age? Borderline, Frontiers of Peace was awarded the 2013 Louise Weiss Prize for European Journalism, the first time that such an award has been granted to a photo project. The project has been exhibited numerous times, notably at the UNESCO headquarters in Paris in 2015, St. Petersburg (Russia) in 2016, Brest and Orléans (France), Zagreb and Vukovar (Croatia) in 2017, Sarajevo (Bosnia & Herzegovina) and the fortress of Salses (France) in 2018, Amiens (France), Berlin and Bamberg (Germany) in 2019, Tallinn (Estonia) and Lübeck (Germany) in 2020, and Strasbourg (France) and Cuneo (Italy) in 2021. Valerio Vincenzo is currently extending his project to the now peaceful borders of the Balkans.

Rapid increase of SpO2 on room air for 34 severe COVID-19 patients after ivermectin-based combination treatment: 55-62% normalization within 12-24 hours

Background. The emergence of COVID-19 in March 2020 challenged Zimbabwe to mount a response with limited medical facilities and therapeutic options. Ivermectin (IVM) had by then been safely used to treat a variety of human diseases affecting millions, as noted by the Nobel Committee in awarding its 2015 prize for medicine. Based upon early clinical indications of efficacy against COVID-19, IVM-based combination treatments were deployed to treat this infection in Zimbabwe.Methods. Data were retrospectively analyzed for 34 severe COVID-19 patients treated with IVM-based combination therapy between August 2020 and May 2021, for whom pre- and post-treatment SpO2 values were all recorded on room air. Mortality and deterioration outcomes were also analyzed for a larger set of 92 severe COVID-19 patients receiving IVM-based treatment.Results: For the 34-patient SpO2 tracking series, all but two patients had significantly increased SpO2 values after the first IVM dose, and all patients recovered. Mean increases in SpO2 as percentages of full normalization to SpO2=97 were 55.1% at +12 hours and 62.3% at +24 hours post-treatment. These results paralleled similar sharp increases in SpO2, all on room air, for a series of 24 RT-qPCR confirmed, mostly severe COVID-19 patients in the USA (California) who were given IVM combination treatment, all of whom recovered. For 19 of those patients having SpO2 ≤ 90 prior to IVM, the mean SpO2 normalization at +24 hours post-treatment was 65.2% as calculated from the SpO2 values reported. For our larger series of 92 severe COVID-19 patients in Zimbabwe, median age 53, only two died and two more deteriorated prior to recovery, far less than a predicted 7 deaths and 17 deteriorations for the demographics and risk factors of these patients.Conclusions. The rapid, marked increases in SpO2 for both the Zimbabwe and California patients stand in sharp contrast to the decline in SpO2 and associated pulmonary function following onset of moderate or severe COVID-19 symptoms under standard care. These rapid SpO2 increases and low mortality rates support extended deployment of IVM treatment for COVID-19, complementary to immunizations for prevention.

Creating, Managing and Increasing Inequalities and Poverty Around The World - The Goal of the DEEP MAFIA Prof. Momchil Dobrev;S “Theory of Mafiotismus” and "Financially Banking Resource-Based Technological Mafia-Driven Materialism" - The Real Ideology of the DEEP MAFIA Does the Nobel Committee Serve the DEEP MAFIA?!?!

Lord Prof PhD PhD Momtchil Dobrev-Halachev developed 2008 “Theory of generating of crises”, 2010 “Theory and practice of the Mafiotismus” and 2001 “Theory of the mafia”. Based on these two theories this paper explains the principles of creating, governing, controlling, strengthening inequality in a society.

NEOLIBERALISM AND GLOBALIZATION - The Environment for the DEEP MAFIA for Plundering Peoples, Enslaving Peoples and Nations Theory of Mafiotismus and "Financially Banking Resource-Based Technological Mafia-Driven Materialism" - The Real Ideology of the DEEP MAFIA Does the Nobel Committee Serve the DEEP MAFIA in This Direction!?!?

Lord prof PhD PhD Momtchil Dobrev-Halachev developed 2010 “Financially banking resource-based technological mafia-driven materialism” as a based principle materialismus since more than 17 century.08 “Theory of generating of crises “ , 2010 “Theory and praxice of the Mafiotismus” and 2001 “ Theory of the mafia”. Based on these two theories this paper explane the goals, purposes, principles and results of the neolibearalization and the process of globalization all over the world..

Hot to touch: the story of the 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

ABSTRACT The 2021 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Ardem Patapoutian and David Julius for their research on receptor channels responsible for the perception of touch and temperature. Somatosensation, an overarching sense that enables us to safely interface with the physical forces around and within us, is the fourth sensory modality to be recognized by the Nobel Committee. The story of the discovery of TRP and PIEZO channels, and subsequent investigations into their myriad roles in the perception of noxious and mild temperature, touch, pain, pressure and body position, is an archetype for how translational research into human and animal health is built on a foundation of excellence in basic science.

A Hidden Legacy

This biography of Esther Zimmer Lederberg highlights the importance of her research work, which revealed the unique features of bacterial sex, essential for our understanding of molecular biology and evolution. A Hidden Legacy relates how, she and her husband Joshua Lederberg established the new field of bacterial genetics together, in the decade leading up to the discovery of the DNA double helix. Their impressive series of achievements include: the discovery of λ‎ bacteriophage and of the first plasmid, known as the F-factor; the demonstration that viruses carry bacterial genes between bacteria; and the elucidation of fundamental properties of bacterial sex. This successful collaboration earned Joshua the 1958 Nobel Prize, which he shared with two of Esther’s mentors, George Beadle and Edward Tatum. Esther Lederberg’s contributions, however, were overlooked by the Nobel committee, an example of institutional discrimination known as the Matilda Effect. Esther Lederberg should also have been recognized for inventing replica plating, an elegant technique that she originated by re-purposing her compact makeup pad as a kind of ink stamp for conveniently transferring bacterial colonies from one petri dish to another. Instead, the credit for the invention is given to her famous husband, or, at best, to Dr. and Mrs. Lederberg. Within a few years of winning the Nobel Prize, Joshua Lederberg divorced his wife, leaving Esther without a laboratory, cut off from research funding, and facing uncertain employment. In response, she created a new social circle made up of artists and musicians, including a new soulmate. She devoted herself to a close-knit musical ensemble, the Mid-Peninsula Recorder Orchestra, an avocation that flourished for over forty years, until the final days of her life.

Who is who in cardiovascular research? What a review of Nobel Prize nominations reveals about scientific trends

Background Since 1901, at least 15 scholars who contributed to cardiovascular research have reveiced a Nobel prize in physiology or medicine. Methods Using the Nobel nomination database (nobelprize.org), which contains 5950 nominations in the accessible period from 1901 to 1953 in physiology or medicine, we listed all international nominees who contributed to cardiovascular research. We subsequently collected nomination letters and jury reports of the prime candidates from the archive of the Nobel Committee in Sweden to identify shortlisted candidates. Results The five most frequently nominated researchers with cardiovascular connections from 1901 to 1953 were, in descending order, the surgeon René Leriche (1879–1955) (FR) with a total of 79 nominations, the physiologist and 1924 Nobel laureate Willem Einthoven (1860–1927) (NL) (31 nominations), the surgeon Alfred Blalock (1899–1964) (US) (29 nominations), the pharmacologist and 1936 Nobel laureate Otto Loewi (1873–1961) (DE, AT, US) (27 nominations) and the paediatric cardiologist Helen Taussig (1898–1986) (US) (24 nominations). The research of these scholars merely hints at the width of topics brought up by nominators ranging from the physiological and pathological basics to the diagnosis and (surgical) interventions of diseases such as heart malformation or hypertension. Conclusion We argue that an analysis of Nobel Prize nominations can reconstruct important scientific trends within cardiovascular research during the first half of the twentieth century.

Antiviral and Immunomodulation Effects of Artemisia

Background and Objectives: Artemisia is one of the most widely distributed genera of the family Astraceae with more than 500 diverse species growing mainly in the temperate zones of Europe, Asia and North America. The plant is used in Chinese and Ayurvedic systems of medicine for its antiviral, antifungal, antimicrobial, insecticidal, hepatoprotective and neuroprotective properties. Research based studies point to Artemisia’s role in addressing an entire gamut of physiological imbalances through a unique combination of pharmacological actions. Terpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins, caffeoylquinic acids, sterols and acetylenes are some of the major phytochemicals of the genus. Notable among the phytochemicals is artemisinin and its derivatives (ARTs) that represent a new class of recommended drugs due to the emergence of bacteria and parasites that are resistant to quinoline drugs. This manuscript aims to systematically review recent studies that have investigated artemisinin and its derivatives not only for their potent antiviral actions but also their utility against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Materials andMethods: PubMed Central, Scopus and Google scholar databases of published articles were collected and abstracts were reviewed for relevance to the subject matter. Conclusions: The unprecedented impact that artemisinin had on public health and drug discovery research led the Nobel Committee to award the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015 to the discoverers of artemisinin. Thus, it is clear that Artemisia’s importance in indigenous medicinal systems and drug discovery systems holds great potential for further investigation into its biological activities, especially its role in viral infection and inflammation.