scholarly journals Pulse Rate and Oxygen Level Measurement Using Arduino

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VII) ◽  
pp. 1518-1524
Author(s):  
Shiv Prakash Singh
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Intensity Change ◽  
Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Level Measurement ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Infrared Wavelengths

Use of technology in healthcare is growing importance as a result of the tendency to acquire chronic disease like heart attack and high blood pressure. Heart rate and blood oxygen saturation is a couple of such biometrics that is monitored in this project to provide information regarding the health of the body. By measuring the intensity change of light transmitted through tissue due to arterial blood, heart rate is measured. Furthermore, oxygenated blood has different light absorption characteristics than deoxygenated blood under red and infrared wavelengths. Comparing the absorptions produce an estimate of the oxygen saturation of blood. The purpose is to examine how heart rate and the oxygen saturation of subject is measured from finger and then processed and displayed. The design, is small in size, easy to use, allows a non- invasive, real time method to provide information regarding health. This enables an efficient and economical means for managing the health care. This document is intended to be used by engineers, medical equipment developers, anyone related to medical practice and interested in understanding the operation of pulse oximeter and heart rate monitoring system.

scholarly journals Anesthetic management of precise radiotherapy under apnea-like condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 030006052199026
Author(s):  
Shilong Zhang ◽  
Bin Zhao ◽  
Dongji Chen ◽  
Ying Qi ◽  
Youguo Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Anesthetic Management ◽  
Lung Tumors ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Pharyngeal Wall ◽  
Oxygen Saturation Level ◽  
Arterial Blood

Objective To study the safety and feasibility of implementation of precise radiotherapy with inducement of an apnea-like condition. Methods Two patients with lung tumors underwent precise radiotherapy under an apnea-like condition. The apnea-like condition was induced 11 times between the two patients for tumor localization and treatment. The changes in the blood oxygen saturation, blood pressure, heart rate, and end-tidal carbon dioxide during the apnea-like periods were observed, and the incidence of adverse reactions was recorded. Results The average apnea-like time was 6.2 minutes (range, 3–9 minutes), and the average radiotherapy time was 4.6 minutes (range, 1–7 minutes). The lowest blood oxygen saturation level was 97%, with a change of <1%. The heart rate and average arterial blood pressure increased during the apnea-like periods. Contact sores appeared on the patients’ posterior pharyngeal wall after the first apnea-like period; no other adverse events occurred. Conclusion Precise radiotherapy under an apnea-like condition is safe and feasible for patients with lung tumors.

scholarly journals Analysis of Cardiopulmonary Stress during Endoscopy: Is Unsedated Transnasal Esophagogastroduodenoscopy Appropriate for Elderly Patients?

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Uchiyama ◽  
Takeshi Ishikawa ◽  
Naoyuki Sakamoto ◽  
Hirokazu Kajikawa ◽  
Tomohisa Takagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Rate Pressure Product ◽  
Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Endoscopic Screening ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Arterial Blood Oxygen

BACKGROUND: Transnasal esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) without sedation has been reported to be safe and tolerable. It has recently been used widely in Japan for the detection of upper gastrointestinal disease. Alternatively, transoral examination using a thin endoscope has also been reported to be highly tolerable.OBJECTIVE: To examine the cardiocirculatory effects of transoral versus transnasal EGD in an attempt to determine the most suitable endoscopic methods for patients ≥75 years of age.METHODS: Subjects who underwent monitoring of respiratory and circulatory dynamics without sedation during endoscopic screening examinations were enrolled at the New Ooe Hospital (Kyoto, Japan) between April 2008 and March 2009. A total of 165 patients (age ≥75 years) provided written informed consent and were investigated in the present study. Patients were randomly divided into three subgroups: UO group – thin endoscope; SO group – standard endoscope; and UT group – transnasal EGD. Percutaneous arterial blood oxygen saturation, heart rate and blood pressure were evaluated just before EGD and at five time points during EGD. After transnasal EGD, patients who had previously been examined using transoral EGD with a standard endoscope were asked about preferences for their next examination.RESULTS: There were no statistical differences in the characteristics among the groups. Percutaneous oxygen saturation in the UT group showed a transient drop compared with the SO and UO groups at the beginning of the endoscopic procedure. Heart rate showed no significant differences among the SO, UO and UT groups; Systolic blood pressure in the UO group was lower immediately after insertion compared with the SO and UT groups. The rate pressure product in the UO group was comparable with that in the UT group during endoscopy, and the SO group showed a continuously higher level than the UO and UT groups. More than one-half (54.4%) of patients were ‘willing to choose transnasal EGD for next examination’.CONCLUSIONS: For elderly patients, unsedated transnasal EGD failed to show an advantage over unsedated standard endoscopy. Transoral thin EGD was estimated to be safe and tolerable.

scholarly journals PSIX-9 Impacts of bunk management on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, hydrogen sulfide concentration and blood oxygen saturation in steers fed 25 or 50% modified distillers grains plus solubles

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 422-422
Author(s):  
Rebecca L Moore ◽  
Cierrah J Kassetas ◽  
Leslie A LeKatz ◽  
Bryan W Neville
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Sulfide Concentration ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Arterial Blood

Abstract One hundred and twenty-six yearling angus steers (initial body weight 445.87 ± 7.13 kg) were utilized in a 2 x 2 factorial design to evaluate the impacts of bunk management and modified distillers grains plus solubles (mDGS) inclusion on feedlot performance, hydrogen sulfide concentrations and blood oxygen saturation. Treatments included bunk management strategy either control bunk management (CON; clean bunks at the time of next day’s feeding) or long bunk management (LONG; feed remaining at time of next day’s feeding), and two inclusion rates of mDGS either 25% or 50% (DM Basis). On d 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 rumen gas samples were collected via rumenocentesis, and arterial blood samples were collected on two steers from each pen. No differences (P ≥ 0.09) were observed for dry matter intake, average daily gain and gain-to-feed ratio for bunk management or mDGS inclusion. Hot carcass weight, ribeye area, marbling score and quality grade were not affected (P ≥ 0.48) by either bunk management or mDGS inclusion. Back fat was greater (P = 0.04) for CON steers compared to LONG (1.30 vs 1.12 ± 0.05cm, respectively), but was not affected (P = 0.59) by mDGS inclusion. Steers on CON had greater (P = 0.03) yield grades compared to LONG (3.21 vs 2.96 ± 0.11, respectively). Bunk management strategy did not impact hydrogen sulfide concentrations or blood oxygen saturation (P = 0.82). Hydrogen sulfide concentrations increased (P &lt; 0.001) with increasing mDGS inclusion. Blood oxygen saturation was influenced by day of sampling (P = 0.01). Blood oxygen saturation was not affected (P = 0.07) by mDGS inclusion. The fact that ruminal hydrogen sulfide concentrations increased while blood oxygen saturation remained similar raises questions about the quantity of hydrogen sulfide and metabolic fate of excess hydrogen sulfide in the blood of ruminant animals.

IN SITU MONITORING OF MEAN BLOOD OXYGEN SATURATION USING EXTENDED MODIFIED LAMBERT BEER MODEL

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 1550004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey K. C. Huong ◽  
Xavier T. I. Ngu
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Optical Monitoring ◽  
Hypertension Status ◽  
Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Fitting Procedure ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Mean

We present the use of Extended Modified Lambert–Beer model for optical monitoring of mean blood oxygen saturation ( S m O 2) via a fitting procedure. This work focuses on the absorption characteristics of hemoglobin derivatives in the wavelength range of 520–600 nm to give the best estimates of S m O 2. The study of the feasibility of applying this analytic method to skin oximetry is via spectroscopy data collected from fingertips of four healthy volunteers both at rest and during arterial blood occlusion condition. The results revealed a decrease in the mean of mean and standard deviation of S m O 2 value of fingertips from 94.5 ± 2.19% when volunteers were at rest to 56.76 ± 5.8% during the arterial blood occlusion measurement. The larger variation in the value estimated for blood occlusion condition could be a result of differences in volunteers' physical fitness and hypertension status. These estimated S m O 2 values agreed reasonably well with the value reported in most of the previous studies. This work concluded that the proposed technique can potentially be used as a complementary technique to clinical assessment of skin grafts and burnt skin.

Use of Pulse Oximetry in Radiotherapy

2015 ◽  
Vol 1084 ◽  
pp. 515-518
Author(s):  
Nina I. Martemyanova ◽  
Natalia D. Turgunova ◽  
Aleksandr N. Aleinik
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Pulse Oximeter ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Good Resolution ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Arterial Blood Oxygen ◽  
The Impact

Reflectance pulse oximeter is designed to determine arterial blood oxygen saturation during a radiation therapy. Proposed solutions promote to reduce the impact of sensor motion on the readings. Experimentally obtained optimal contact pressure of the sensor on the body is 0.7 N. The preliminary results show that the device has good resolution and high reliability.

scholarly journals A Handheld Technology for Optical Monitoring of Transcutaneous Blood Oxygen Saturation

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.20) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey K.C. Huong ◽  
P E. Ong ◽  
V H. Tsen ◽  
Xavier T. I. Ngu
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Handheld Technology ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Rest Condition ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
Palm Of The Hand ◽  
532 Nm

This paper presents the use of a handheld technology for noninvasive prediction of one’s transcutaneous blood oxygen saturation, StO2, via an in-house developed skin oxygenation system. The quantification strategy involved the use of wavelength dependent Modified Lambert Beer law and is based on light signals of wavelengths 532 nm, 560 nm and 650 nm reflected from the selected skin site. This study performed at rest and arterial blood occlusion experiment on left palm of the hand of five healthy Asian volunteers to evaluate the performance of the system and to verify the validity of the predicted results. The preliminary results revealed a considerable decrease in the predicted mean percent StO2 value from 63.7 ± 13.2 % for at rest condition to 52.2 ± 11.4 % after a pressure of 140 mmHg was applied on upper left arm of these recruits for 120 seconds. This work concluded that the developed optical system is able to provide comprehensive information on spatially dependent StO2 and it has unlimited skin access, hence may be potentially used in field applications to assess the skin oxygen level of those in workforce whose job is at risk of exposure to poisonous gases. 

scholarly journals SIMULATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXERCISE AND CARDIOPULMONARY FUNCTION AT HIGH ALTITUDE

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-513
Author(s):  
Rui Li
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Pulmonary Circulation ◽  
Blood Oxygen ◽  
Blood Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Function ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT Introduction: Due to various uncertain and unexpected factors in life such as diseases, natural disasters, traffic accidents, and congenital disabilities, the number and proportion of lower limb amputations are still rising for many reasons, so the research on lower limb prostheses is particularly important. Objective: This work aimed to study the relationship between altitude exercise and cardiopulmonary function. Methods: A model of abnormal changes in cardiopulmonary function was established, and then 40 plateau exercisers were selected, all of whom arrived in Tibet in March 2017. The relationship between pulmonary circulation volume and internal pressure in the chest was observed and compared. The relationship between cardiopulmonary sensory reflex and exercise (high altitude) breathing and heart rate was analyzed. A comparison of the cardiopulmonary function of subjects of different genders was implemented. Moreover, the influence of different altitudes on the subjects’ cardiopulmonary function and the subjects’ cardiopulmonary function changes before departure and during the first, second, and third week after departure were observed and compared. Results: I. As the pressure in the thoracic cavity increased, the subjects’ pulmonary circulation blood volume gradually decreased, and the decrease was most obvious in the stage of thoracic pressure −50 to 0. II. As the cardiorespiratory reflex coefficient increased, the subjects’ breathing and heart rate compensatory acceleration appeared. III. Tracking and monitoring of the subjects’ cardiopulmonary indicators revealed that with the increase in altitude, the subjects’ average arterial pressure, respiratory frequency, and heart rate all showed an upward trend, while the blood oxygen saturation value showed a downward trend. IV. No matter how high the altitude was, the average arterial pressure, respiratory rate, and heart rate monitored of the subjects under exercise were significantly superior to the indicator values under resting state. In contrast, the blood oxygen saturation value showed the opposite trend. V. The subjects’ average arterial pressure, respiration, and heart rate in the first week were higher than other periods, but the blood oxygen saturation was relatively lower. In the second and third weeks, the changes in cardiopulmonary function were relatively smooth (all P<0.05). VI. The changes in the index of the cardiopulmonary function of subjects of different genders were small (p>0.05). Conclusion: Through modeling, the results of the plateau environment on the cardiopulmonary function of the body were made clearer, and these research data provided theoretical references for the training of the sports field in the plateau area. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document