Social and Ethical Issues in the Use of Familial Searching in Forensic Investigations: Insights from Family and Kinship Studies

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Haimes
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Civil Liberty ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Dna Profiling ◽  
State Security ◽  
The Family ◽  
Social And Ethical Issues ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Mass Disasters

Since its origins in the mid-1980s, DNA profiling has become the most powerful tool for identification in contemporary society. Practitioners have deployed it to determine parentage, verify claims to identity in various civil contexts, identify bodies in wars and mass disasters, and infer the identity of individuals who have left biological traces at crime scenes. Thus DNA profiling can be used to implicate or exonerate individuals from participation in particular social relations and activities; this affords it a growing importance in major social institutions such as the family, the criminal justice system, immigration services, and health services. There are key state, security, civil liberty, personal, and commercial considerations surrounding the reliability and social implications of DNA profiling in establishing the identities of “family members,” “claimants,” “customers,” “suspects,” and “citizens.”Given that DNA profiling is increasingly influential in forensic inquiries, the recently-developed practice in the UK of “familial searching” of DNA databases has the potential to become a significant aspect of investigations.

SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE CYCLICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECONOMY

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-147
Author(s):  
I.R. LYAPINA ◽  
◽  
T.A. ZHURAVLEVA ◽  
I.V. SKOBLIAKOVA ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
The Family ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Optimization Mechanism ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The purpose of the research is to study of the features of the influence of social institutions on the cyclicality and dynamics of economic development in the context of identifying the role of social institutions at individual phases of the cycle of economic development, as well as consideration of the functions and tools of social institutions by phases of economic development. The subject of the research is a set of roles, functions and tools of social institutions related to different phases of the cycle of economic development. The methodological base is formed for the implementation of scientific research tasks. Its tools are methods that allow reflecting the features of the influence of social institutions on the cyclical nature of the economy: the method of theoretical foundations, the method of grouping, the method of analysis, the method of comparison, the method of implication. As a result of the study, it is indicated that the functions of social institutions should be highlighted: the consolidation of emerging social relations, adaptation, regulatory processes, a communication basis and a translational basis. The instruments that influence economic fluctuations are formed in the context of social institutions. Thus, the institution of the family is characterized by the use of an optimization mechanism, the concept of sustainability of social relations, the concept of production and distribution of economic benefits in order to meet the needs of each of the subjects.

scholarly journals Work with the Social Environment of the Family in the Process of Reintegration

2020 ◽  
pp. 175-186
Author(s):  
Nataliia Lytvynova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Parental Care ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Important People ◽  
The Individual

The article reveals the method of working with the child's immediate environment, which helps to ensure optimal conditions for reintegration. Partnership between parents, relatives, other important people, social professionals, practical psychologists, specialists and organizations involved affects the overall well-being of the child at different levels of social interaction. The consequences of the specific conditions of keeping and living of orphans and children deprived of parental care in boarding schools, as well as the conditions necessary to achieve the welfare of the child are described. The reintegration of the child should take place as a gradual and controlled process. Constant changes in the conditions of care, forms of placement are detrimental to the child's development, the formation of attachments, so during this process you need to avoid sudden changes and conflicting decisions. The author analyzes the specifics of the process of reintegration of orphans and children deprived of parental care, identifies three levels of social interaction, characteristic of this category of children: sensory-emotional, emotional-social, social-institutional level. In this context, the process of reintegration is to some extent similar to the process of socialization of the individual, which involves the active entry of the individual into all social institutions. The technologies of compiling a map of the social environment are presented, which provides a more detailed, reasonable answer regarding the quality and functioning of the client's social relations; ecomaps, to identify a number of interactions between the client and people related to the client, relevant social institutions, the environment. Based on the analysis of interpersonal connections and relationships, the specialist identifies important and significant people for the child and together with the child explores the possibility of organizing a meeting within the social network, which can be attended by people listed in the map of the social environment.

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF IGNORANCE IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF AL-FARABI

Al-Farabi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
N. Rushanova ◽  
◽  
A. Syrgakbayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
The World ◽  
Social And Ethical Issues ◽  
Social Project

Al-Farabi devoted a significant part of his work to the development of social and ethical issues. The article attempts to reveal the content of the concept of “ignorance” in the heritage of al-Farabi. The need to raise this question is due to the fact that Farabi’s philosophy is permeated with the understanding of the collisions of knowledge and ignorance, right and wrong in the attitude of people to each other and to the world around them. It can be argued without exaggeration that the concept of ignorance, in its various aspects, occupies a central place in the work of the Arab thinker and sets the scale and specifics of his social project. Ignorance in the interpretation of al-Farabi is primarily the opposite of virtue, that is not only knowledge, education, but also a wrong view of life, of its values and goals. This wrong view gives rise to wrong actions, distorted morality, and with it - social relations that do not correspond to the concept of truly human.

scholarly journals Training Future Teachers for Preschoolers' Socialization in the Interaction of Preschool Educational Establishments and Family

2020 ◽  
pp. 163-183
Author(s):  
Tetiana Rozhko-Pavlyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Educational Technologies ◽  
Educational Standards ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
The Family

The article focuses on the current issues of training future educators of preschool institutions for the preschool children's socialization in the context of interaction between preschool institution and family. The research goal is to highlight the essence of the training future educators for the preschoolers' socialization in the interaction between preschool institutions and families in order to outline the content, key areas, forms and methods of this work. Methods. The research methods used were observation, abstraction, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, systematization, generalization and modeling. The results. The conducted research allowed the author to reveal the probable reasons for scientists’ different interpretations of the concept of «socialization of the preschooler»; differentiate and logically organize the concepts related to the above, in the context of the interaction of preschool education institution and the family on the socialization of preschoolers; the purpose of professional pedagogical education is to train a competent specialist of innovative type, able to implement educational standards, apply new educational technologies, the use of appropriate tools, methods and forms of its implementation. Conclusions. Today the purpose of professional pedagogical education is to train a competent specialist of innovative type, able to implement educational standards, apply new educational technologies. The article reveals the essence of the concepts «socialization of a preschooler», «preschooler's social competence» and «interaction of preschool education institution and family». It is noted that socialization is the gradual entry of the child into the system of social relations, mastering the socio-cultural experience. The author reveals the social significance of this problem, the system of organization of preschoolers' socialization, its features in children of this age, directions, forms and methods of work. The role of the family and preschool education institution as the most important social institutions that determine the specifics of social education, the formation of a minor, the problems and opportunities for socialization of children in the family and educational institution is shown. The article offers pedagogical conditions for optimizing the professional training of students to organize the socialization of preschoolers.

scholarly journals The role of the organizational culture of trust in the formation of regional social capital

2021 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 01003
Author(s):  
Marina Alexandrovna Kolmykova ◽  
Elena Nikolaevna Korneeva
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family

The article discusses the problem of reducing the level of trust in various social institutions, including public authorities. It is shown that this problem is an obstacle to the formation of regional social capital. The research purpose is to determine the role of the organizational culture of trust in the process of formation and accumulation of regional social capital. Based on the study, it was found that the integrated level of trust is most observed in the social institution of the family, and the lowest one – in the social institution of the state, this confirms the tendency of a significant decrease in the level of trust in public authorities and, in turn, this prevents the accumulation of social capital in regions. It has been established that today regions face socio-economic challenges, namely: a pandemic, digitalization of social relations, changes in the labor market, the outflow of talented young people to the capital universities, brain drain, “anti-human factor” in enterprises. It is assumed that the most rational response to the challenges will be the development of regional social capital through the organizational culture of trust in enterprises. Moreover, regional social capital can be considered as a set of social capital of citizens with a pro-active attitude, inspiring political leaders, as well as public figures, and social capital of enterprises which organizational culture is based on trust. The article notes that the formation of the organizational culture of trust can contribute to a decrease in staff turnover, an increase in labor productivity, personnel involvement, an increase in the competitiveness of an enterprise, organizational commitment, an increase in business reputation.

The Traffic in Hierarchy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ward Keeler
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
The World ◽  
Male Head ◽  
Relative Status ◽  
Trans Women

Looking at Buddhist monasteries as social institutions, this book integrates a thorough description of one such monastery with a wide-ranging study of Burmese social relations, both religious and lay, looking particularly at the matter of gender. Hierarchical assumptions inform all such relations, and higher status implies a person’s greater autonomy. A monk is particularly idealized because he exemplifies the Buddhist ideal of “detachment” and so autonomy. A male head of household represents another masculine ideal, if a somewhat less prestigious one. He enjoys greater autonomy than other members of the household yet remains entangled in the world. Women and trans women are thought to be more invested in attachment than autonomy and are expected to subordinate themselves to men and monks as a result. But everyone must concern themselves with the matter of relative status in all of their interactions. This makes face-to-face encounter fraught. Several chapters detail the ways that individuals try to stave off the risks that interaction necessarily entails. One stratagem is to subordinate oneself to nodes of power, but this runs counter to efforts to demonstrate one’s autonomy. Another is to foster detachment, most dramatically in the practice of meditation.

An Intersectional Approach to the “Mobility Trap” That Ensnares Migrant Youth in China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaorong Gu
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Urban China ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
Migrant Youth ◽  
Political Economic

This essay explores the theory of intersectionality in the study of youths’ lives and social inequality in the Global South. It begins with an overview of the concept of intersectionality and its wide applications in social sciences, followed by a proposal for regrounding the concept in the political economic systems in particular contexts (without assuming the universality of capitalist social relations in Northern societies), rather than positional identities. These systems lay material foundations, shaping the multiple forms of deprivation and precarity in which Southern youth are embedded. A case study of rural migrant youths’ ‘mobility trap’ in urban China is used to illustrate how layers of social institutions and structures in the country’s transition to a mixed economy intersect to influence migrant youths’ aspirations and life chances. The essay concludes with ruminations on the theoretical and social implications of the political-economy-grounded intersectionality approach for youth studies.

scholarly journals Marriage stability in a pastoralist society

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1567-1574
Author(s):  
Juan Du ◽  
Ruth Mace
Keyword(s):  
Social Institutions ◽  
Ecological Perspective ◽  
Marriage Duration ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Marriage Stability ◽  
The Family ◽  
Trial Marriage ◽  
Socioeconomic Data ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract We examined how individual investment was associated with the duration of marriage partnerships in a pastoralist society of Amdo Tibetans in China. We collected demographic and socioeconomic data from 420 women and 369 men over five villages to assess which factors predicted partnership length. We found that the payment of dowry and bridewealth from both sides of the family predicted marriage stability. The production of offspring, regardless of their survivorship, also had a positive effect on marriage duration, as did trial marriage, a time period before formal marriage. Finally, we found that if both bride and groom invest resources initially into a partnership—whether wealth or labor—their subsequent partnership is stronger than couples who do not make such investments. This paper adds to our understanding of complex social institutions like marriage from a behavioral ecological perspective.

scholarly journals Capitalising on faith? An intergenerational study of social and religious capital among Baby Boomers and Millennials in Britain

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 862-880
Author(s):  
Stuart Fox ◽  
Esther Muddiman ◽  
Jennifer Hampton ◽  
Ekaterina Kolpinskaya ◽  
Ceryn Evans
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Baby Boomers ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Religious Capital ◽  
Intergenerational Study ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Active Generation ◽  
Effective Source

Intergenerational inequalities in economic security, health and political participation are frequently associated with inequalities in access to social capital. Millennials (those born after 1982) are often regarded as the least civically active generation, suggesting that they have less access to social capital, compared to other generations. Numerous studies have linked the decline of religion with falling social capital, as younger generations are deprived of a valuable source of social interaction; others, however, have claimed the link between the two is spurious because Millennials have developed different ways of interacting with social institutions and each other. Despite various studies exploring links between forms of religious and social capital, the role of religious decline in contributing to the intergenerational inequalities of today remains unclear. This study examines how religious capital is related to social capital for Baby Boomers and Millennials in the UK. Our analysis shows that while lower levels of religious capital are contributing to lower levels of social capital among Millennials, religious activity is also a more effective source of social capital for Millennials than their elders. We discuss possible interpretations of our data, including exploring whether greater religious engagement among Millennials may protect against intergenerational inequality and conflict.

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