AN EMPIRICAL EXAMINATION OF THE INTEGRATION OF CAUSAL ATTRIBUTION AND SOCIAL LEARNING THEORIES IN ACHIEVEMENT SITUATIONS

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Midkiff ◽  
Joy Patricia Burke
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Learning ◽  
Causal Attribution ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
Experimental Task ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Undergraduate University Students ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Attribution Theories

Using path analysis, the present investigation sought to clarify possible operational linkages among constructs from social learning and attribution theories within the context of a self-esteem system. Subjects were 300 undergraduate university students who completed a measure of self-esteem and indicated expectancies for success and minimal goal levels for an experimental task. After completing the task and receiving feedback about their performance, subjects completed causal attribution and self-esteem questionnaires. Results revealed gender differences in the degree and strength of the proposed relations, but not in the mean levels of the variables studied. Results suggested that the integration of social learning and attribution theories within a single conceptual model provides a better understanding of students' behaviors and self-esteem in achievement situations.

CULTURE AND GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE SELF-ESTEEM OF COLLEGE STUDENTS: A FOUR-COUNTRY COMPARISON

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Watkins ◽  
Adebowale Akande ◽  
Christopher Cheng ◽  
Murari Regmi
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
School Students ◽  
Country Comparison ◽  
Undergraduate University Students ◽  
Second Year ◽  
And Gender

The responses of 268 Hong Kong and 399 Nigerian first- or second-year social science undergraduate university students to the Personal and Academic Self-Concept Inventory (PASCI; Fleming & Whalen, 1990) were compared to previously reported findings with similar groups of American and Nepalese students. Country × Gender analyses indicated clear, statistically significant mnain and interaction effects which varied according to the area of self-esteem under investigation. Support was found for the tendency found in research with secondary school students for subjects from non-Western cultures to report higher academic but lower nonacademic self-esteem than their Western peers. However, the gender differences did not generalize across cultures.

scholarly journals Correlation between Family Environment and Self Esteem of Adolescents

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditi Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Achievement Orientation ◽  
Family Environment Scale ◽  
Environment Scale ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

The present investigation attempted to find out the correlation between the family environment and self esteem of adolescents. The study was conducted on 200 adolescents (100 male and 100 female) studying in various educational institutes located in Bathinda.  For data collection Family Environment Scale and Self Esteem Scale were used. For the data analysis various statistical techniques were used. Statistical techniques used were Pearson’s product moment correlation and t-test were used. Pearson’s product moment correlation was used to determine the correlation between different dimensions of family environment scale i.e. Cohesion, Expressiveness, Conflict, Independence, Achievement Orientation, Intellectual Cultural Orientation, Active Recreational Orientation, Moral Religious Emphasis, Organization and control with the self-esteem of adolescents. The results of the investigation shows that their exist no gender differences in the mean scores of all the ten dimensions of family environment and even no gender differences exist in the mean score scores of self esteem of adolescents. Further co-relational analysis revealed that self esteem is positively correlated to Moral Religious Emphasis and negatively correlated to conflict dimension of family environment. The results indicated a clear correlation between family environment and self esteem of adolescents.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Psychosocial Outcomes of Hair Loss Resulting from Childhood Irradiation for Tinea Capitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7825
Author(s):  
Liat Hoffer ◽  
Netta Achdut ◽  
Shifra Shvarts ◽  
Dorit Segal-Engelchin
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Tinea Capitis ◽  
Psychosocial Outcomes ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Psychosocial Needs ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Physical Health Problems ◽  
Physical Bullying

Recent studies have linked hair loss due to childhood irradiation for tinea capitis, a fungal infection of the scalp, to adverse psychosocial and health outcomes in women. However, no study to date has examined gender differences in the outcomes of this type of hair loss. The current study aimed to investigate gender differences in health and psychosocial outcomes of hair loss resulting from childhood irradiation for tinea capitis, and to identify the risk factors associated with depression in both men and women. Medical records held at the archives of the Israel National Center for Compensation of Scalp Ringworm Victims were retrospectively reviewed for 217 women and 105 men who received maximum disability compensation due to severe hair loss resulting from irradiation for tinea capitis. We found that women were at increased risk of developing psychosocial symptoms, including depression. Gender emerged as a significant predictor of depression, distinct from other predictors, such as marital status, age at radiation, exposure to verbal and physical bullying, low self-esteem, social anxiety, and physical health problems. Thus, the psychosocial needs of patients, particularly female patients, who were irradiated for tinea capitis during childhood need to be taken into account by the healthcare professionals treating them.

Effect of Self - Care Program on the Self- Esteem of Multiple Sclerosis Patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
H. Madani ◽  
H. Navipoor ◽  
P. Roozbayani
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Muscular Spasm ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Paired T Test

Aims:According to decreased self- esteem in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, it is necessary to utilize appropriate methods in order to improve self- esteem in MS patients. So this study was conducted on patients with MS supported by the Iranian MS society for determining the effect of self - care program on their self- esteem.Method:In this semi - experimental study 34 patients with MS who were not in the acute phase of disease were selected. The data were collected via personal questionnaires, problem list, Cooper and smith standard questionnaire for self- esteem and self report check lists. Self - care program(self - care for muscular spasm, fatigue, constipation and amnesia and …) was educated, then it was performed for one month period and the data were analyzed using paired t- test, wilcoxon, croscal - wallis and manwithney tests.Results:Application of self - care program improve the self- esteem and reduced some symptoms such as muscular spasm, fatigue, constipation and amnesia in MS patients. The mean valve of self- esteem increased from 54 before performing the program to 68 after the program ( p < 0.05).Conclusion:Using self-care program can be an effective method for improving self- esteem of MS patients.

scholarly journals Self-Concept, Self-Esteem and Psychopathological Symptoms in Persons with Intellectual Disability

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maite Garaigordobil ◽  
José Ignacio Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Symptom Checklist ◽  
Psychopathological Symptoms

The purpose of this study is two-fold: (a) to analyze self-concept, self-esteem, and psychopathological symptoms in individuals with and without intellectual disability; and (b) to explore whether there were gender differences in these same variables in both groups. The sample is made up of 170 participants aged 19 to 40, 128 without disability and 42 with intellectual disability. The methodology is descriptive. To measure the variables, three assessment instruments were applied: the “Listado de adjetivos para la evaluación del autoconcepto en adolescentes y adultos” (LAEA; Garaigordobil, in press), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE; Rosenberg, 1965), and the Revised Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90; Derogatis, 1983). The ANOVA showed that participants with intellectual disability scored significantly lower in self-concept and self-esteem, and higher in all the psychopathological symptoms except for somatization. The ANOVA did not reveal significant gender differences in any variables in either of the two groups.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Aggression in Young People Leaving Care

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Canning ◽  
Elizabeth Andrew ◽  
Rhian Murphy ◽  
Julian S. Walker ◽  
Robert J. Snowden
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Young People ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Women on Boards in Finance and STEM Industries

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 277-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renée B. Adams ◽  
Tom Kirchmaier
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Corporate Boards ◽  
Business Leadership ◽  
Country Characteristics ◽  
Women On Boards ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Industry Sectors

We document that women are less represented on corporate boards in Finance and more traditional STEM industry sectors. Even after controlling for differences in firm and country characteristics, average diversity in these sectors is 24% lower than the mean. Our findings suggest that well-documented gender differences in STEM university enrolments and occupations have long-term consequences for female business leadership. The leadership gap in Finance and STEM may be difficult to eliminate using blanket boardroom diversity policies. Diversity policies are also likely to have a different impact on firms in these sectors than in non-STEM sectors.

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