RESOURCEFULNESS AND SOCIAL DESIRABILITY TRAIT ASCRIPTIONS OF MALES: AN EVALUATION OF AGE AND SEX

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 827-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur H. Perlini ◽  
Crystal D. E. Lippe
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Young Male ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Male ◽  
The Social ◽  
Target Male ◽  
Desirability Index ◽  
Age And Sex

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of age and sex on trait ascriptions toward male targets. Young (n = 40) and elderly (n = 40) participants rated young and elderly male targets on a number of traits of social desirability and resourcefulness using the Social Desirability Index (Perlini, Bertolissi, & Lind, 1999). Consistent with previous research on female targets, male targets were considered more socially desirable when they were young; moreover, the social desirability of the target male was considered more favorable when undertaken by an elderly evaluator. Elderly participants rated the young male target as more resourceful than the elderly male target, and more resourceful than the young participants rated the young male target. Results are discussed in terms of evolutionary and role theories of social behavior.

The ketogenic diet affects the social behavior of young male rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 168-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Kasprowska-Liśkiewicz ◽  
Arkadiusz D. Liśkiewicz ◽  
Marta M. Nowacka-Chmielewska ◽  
Joanna Nowicka ◽  
Andrzej Małecki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Ketogenic Diet ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals Trend of specific HIV/AIDS mortality in the elderly in the Distrito Federal, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
R C C S Sacco ◽  
K T Santos ◽  
P M F Escalda
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Federal District ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Distrito Federal ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background In the last decade, the number of individuals over 60 years of age with AIDS has increased in Brazil, with the need to know the trend of the mortality of the disease to subsidize educational and preventive actions for service users and health professionals. The objective was to describe the trend of mortality from HIV/AIDS in the elderly in the Federal District (DF), Brazil, from 2007 to 2016. Methods Descriptive study, ecological type of time series, from secondary data on mortality obtained from the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Linear regression was performed to analyze trends by sex and by age group, using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results Deaths were predominant in men (74.1%) aged 60 to 69 years (70.4%). The sex ratio was 2.85. The married / stable union (43.0%) and white (52%) were the majority. There was a significant increase in males, while in females, it was slightly decreasing in the same period. In the age groups of 60-69 years and 70-79 years, there was a tendency to increase in mortality, decreasing for ≥ 80 years. Conclusions There was a predominance and an increasing tendency in young male elderly, demonstrating that prevention actions need to achieve greater reach in this population, with the breaking of barriers related to prejudice and the stigma of the disease. A better organization of the care network for the elderly is suggested, enabling approaches to suspected cases and providing early diagnosis, to ensure greater quality survival for the elderly. Key messages There was a tendency to increase mortality from HIV / AIDS in elderly men, aged 60-79 years. There is a need to improve educational activities and early diagnosis and timely treatment for this group.

scholarly journals Altruistic investment as a personal networking strategy: The development of scale and testing its constructive validity

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-176
Author(s):  
L.V. Mararitsa ◽  
T.V. Kazantseva ◽  
L.G. Pochebut ◽  
A.L. Sventsitskiy
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Structural Modeling ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
First Order ◽  
Complex Concept ◽  
The Social

The article describes the process of verifying the constructive validity of the “Altruistic Investment Scale”. Altruistic investment is one of the networking strategies that allow scientists to consider the social behavior of an individual in terms of its involvement in the mechanisms of social capital formation and conversion. The results of the empirical research confirm the theoretical model and show that the developed scale corresponds to the components of the strategy, measured in an alternative ways. Testing of this hypothesis was carried out using structural modeling (n = 362). The reliability of the scale was 0.74 (Cronbach’s alpha, n = 670), the grades obtained by the scale do not depend on gender, are not related to social desirability, and correlate in the expected way with other scales of altruism and selfishness. The principal novelty of the construct of altruistic investment was demonstrated. In contrast to the construct of altruism, which is motivational by its essence, altruistic investment is a more complex concept and includes values and behavioral components as well. Moreover, the Altruistic Investment Scale doesn’t measure the ‘first-order’ altruism.

Association between trait anxiety and endothelial function observed in elderly males but not in young males

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 947-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Narita ◽  
Tetsuhito Murata ◽  
Toshihiko Hamada ◽  
Tetsuya Takahashi ◽  
Hirotaka Kosaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Young Male ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Elderly Male ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Young Subjects

Background and objectives: Endothelial function plays a key role in determining the clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis. Recent reports have shown that healthy elderly subjects with higher trait anxiety tend to have heightened risks of atherosclerotic lesions and cardiovascular disease. The present study was intended to examine whether an association exists between trait anxiety and endothelial function in healthy young and elderly subjects.Methods: This study examined 26 young male and 30 elderly male subjects using brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) – a non-invasive ultrasound method – to evaluate endothelial function by measuring the dilation responses of vascular smooth muscle to the nitric oxide produced by endothelial cells following hyperemia.Results: A significant negative correlation was observed between the State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)-trait score as a parameter of anxiety and the percentage change of FMD (%FMD) in the elderly subjects, but not in the young subjects. The elderly subjects showed significantly lower %FMD than the young subjects.Conclusion: These results suggest the possibility that trait anxiety is a predisposing risk factor for cardiovascular damage that might, over a long period, induce atherosclerotic lesions.

Confound It!

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 855-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Kulas ◽  
Rachael Klahr ◽  
Lindsey Knights
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Response Pattern ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Method Effect ◽  
Coding Method ◽  
The Social ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Method Factors ◽  
Psychological Inventory

Abstract. Many investigators have noted “reverse-coding” method factors when exploring response pattern structure with psychological inventory data. The current article probes for the existence of a confound in these investigations, whereby an item’s level of saturation with socially desirable content tends to covary with the item’s substantive scale keying. We first investigate its existence, demonstrating that 15 of 16 measures that have been previously implicated as exhibiting a reverse-scoring method effect can also be reasonably characterized as exhibiting a scoring key/social desirability confound. A second set of analyses targets the extent to which the confounding variable may confuse interpretation of factor analytic results and documents strong social desirability associations. The results suggest that assessment developers perhaps consider the social desirability scale value of indicators when constructing scale aggregates (and possibly scales when investigating inter-construct associations). Future investigations would ideally disentangle the confound via experimental manipulation.

The Impact of Endorsing the Belief in a Just World on Social Judgments

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoît Testé ◽  
Samantha Perrin
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Social Value ◽  
Social Utility ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Social Judgments ◽  
Just World ◽  
The Social ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Impact

The present research examines the social value attributed to endorsing the belief in a just world for self (BJW-S) and for others (BJW-O) in a Western society. We conducted four studies in which we asked participants to assess a target who endorsed BJW-S vs. BJW-O either strongly or weakly. Results showed that endorsement of BJW-S was socially valued and had a greater effect on social utility judgments than it did on social desirability judgments. In contrast, the main effect of endorsement of BJW-O was to reduce the target’s social desirability. The results also showed that the effect of BJW-S on social utility is mediated by the target’s perceived individualism, whereas the effect of BJW-S and BJW-O on social desirability is mediated by the target’s perceived collectivism.

In the eye of the beholder: Considering culture in assessing the social desirability of personality.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Marie Ryan ◽  
Jacob Bradburn ◽  
Sarena Bhatia ◽  
Evan Beals ◽  
Anthony S. Boyce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
The Social
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