scholarly journals A Review on Two Endemic Species of Genus Premna and their Conservational Importance

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4-s) ◽  
pp. 666-669
Author(s):  
Steffy Francis ◽  
V. Anand Gideon ◽  
S. John Britto ◽  
VJ Dessy
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Medicinal Properties

The genus Premna (Lamiaceae-APG IV) consists of about 200 species that are native mainly to the tropical and subtropical Asia, Africa, Australia and the Pacific islands. The species ofPremna are well known for their medicinal properties and have been used in Indian traditional system of medicine especially for diarrhoea, stomach and hepatic disorders. The aim of this review is to highlight two endemic species Premna rajendranii and Premna paucinervisand their importance of conservation. This review also helps to summarize the recent advances in the studies on genus Premna, its endemic status and their distribution in Western Ghats. Keywords: Endemism, Western Ghats, Premna rajendranii, Premna paucinervis

Lectotypification of Callicarpa integerrima (Lamiaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 234 (3) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Zhonghui Ma ◽  
Rongshao Huang ◽  
Zhiwei Su
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

The genus Callicarpa Linnaeus (1753: 111) with about 140 species is mainly distributed in temperate, subtropical and tropical Asia, America, Australia and the Pacific Islands (Harley et al. 2004; Bramley 2013; Zhang 2014; Ma & Su 2015), with 48 species and 13 varieties occurring in China (Chen & Gilbert 1994). Callicarpa was long thought to be included in Verbenaceae. However, based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies on the Verbenaceae and Lamiaceae, Callicarpa was transferred to Lamiaceae, along with Viticoideae and several other genera (Bramley 2009, 2013; Ma et al. 2015). During a taxonimic study of this genus in China, the name C. integerrima Champion ex Bentham (1853: 135) tourned out not yet typified. C. integerrima is currently accepted as endemic species of China (Chen & Gilbert 1994) and was described based on plants collected in Hongkong (Bentham 1853), but no specimens were cited in the protologue. We traced in K two duplicate specimens (K barcodes K000674744 and K000674745) collected by J.G. Champion in Hongkong that fit the protologue and can be regarded as syntypes (Art. 9.5 of the ICN, McNeill et al. 2012). The specimen K barcode K000674744 is better preserved and complete (flowers and fruits), and is selected here as the lectotype.

scholarly journals TOWARDS A FLORA OF NEW GUINEA: OLEACEAE. PART 1. JASMINUM, LIGUSTRUM, MYXOPYRUM AND OLEA.

REINWARDTIA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Ruth Kiew
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Far North ◽  
Coastal Species ◽  
The Pacific

KIEW, R. 2020. Towards a Flora of New Guinea: Oleaceae. Part 1. Jasminum, Ligustrum, Myxopyrum and Olea. Reinwardtia 19(1): 1‒25. ‒‒ Oleaceae in New Guinea is represented by five genera and about 32 species, namely Chionanthus (about 16 species), Jasminum (10 species), Ligustrum (3 species), Myxopyrum (2 species) and Olea (1 species). A key to genera as well as descriptions of and keys to species of Jasminum, Ligustrum, Myxopyrum and Olea are provided. Of the three Ligustrum species, L. glomeratum is widespread throughout Malesia, L. novoguineense is endemic and L. parvifolium Kiew is a new endemic species. Six species of Jasminum are endemic (J. domatiigerum, J. gilgianum, J. magnificum, J. papuasicum, J. pipolyi and J. rupestre). Jasminum turneri just reaches the northern tip of Australia; of the two species from the Pacific Islands J. simplicifolium subsp. australiense just reaches SE Papua New Guinea and J. didymum, a coastal species, reaches into Malesia as far north as E Java; J. elongatum is widespread from Asia to Australia. Neither Myxopyrum species is endemic: M. nervosum subsp. nervosum extends from Peninsular Malaysia to Indonesian New Guinea, and M. ovatum from the Philippines to the Admiralty Islands. The sole species of Olea, O. paniculata, stretches from Java to Australia and New Caledonia. 

Growing Coconut Palms in the Pacific Islands: Colliding Knowledge and Values

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith A. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Tropical Pacific ◽  
Experiential Knowledge ◽  
The West ◽  
Passive Resistance ◽  
The People ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Tropical Pacific

Coconuts provided commodities for the West in the form of coconut oil and copra. Once colonial governments established control of the tropical Pacific Islands, they needed revenue so urged European settlers to establish coconut plantations. For some decades most copra came from Indigenous growers. Administrations constantly urged the people to thin old groves and plant new ones like plantations, in grid patterns, regularly spaced and weeded. Local growers were instructed to collect all fallen coconuts for copra from their groves. For half a century, the administrations’ requirements met with Indigenous passive resistance. This paper examines the underlying reasons for this, elucidating Indigenous ecological and social values, based on experiential knowledge, knowledge that clashed with Western scientific values.

Systematics, Biogeography, and Morphological Character Evolution of the Hemiepiphytic Subfamily Monsteroideae (Araceae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Zuluaga ◽  
Martin Llano ◽  
Ken Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
R Package ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Seed Shape ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Tropics

The subfamily Monsteroideae (Araceae) is the third richest clade in the family, with ca. 369 described species and ca. 700 estimated. It comprises mostly hemiepiphytic or epiphytic plants restricted to the tropics, with three intercontinental disjunctions. Using a dataset representing all 12 genera in Monsteroideae (126 taxa), and five plastid and two nuclear markers, we studied the systematics and historical biogeography of the group. We found high support for the monophyly of the three major clades (Spathiphylleae sister to Heteropsis Kunth and Rhaphidophora Hassk. clades), and for six of the genera within Monsteroideae. However, we found low rates of variation in the DNA sequences used and a lack of molecular markers suitable for species-level phylogenies in the group. We also performed ancestral state reconstruction of some morphological characters traditionally used for genera delimitation. Only seed shape and size, number of seeds, number of locules, and presence of endosperm showed utility in the classification of genera in Monsteroideae. We estimated ancestral ranges using a dispersal-extinction-cladogenesis model as implemented in the R package BioGeoBEARS and found evidence for a Gondwanan origin of the clade. One tropical disjunction (Monstera Adans. sister to Amydrium Schott–Epipremnum Schott) was found to be the product of a previous Boreotropical distribution. Two other disjunctions are more recent and likely due to long-distance dispersal: Spathiphyllum Schott (with Holochlamys Engl. nested within) represents a dispersal from South America to the Pacific Islands in Southeast Asia, and Rhaphidophora represents a dispersal from Asia to Africa. Future studies based on stronger phylogenetic reconstructions and complete morphological datasets are needed to explore the details of speciation and migration within and among areas in Asia.

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