Lectotypification of Callicarpa integerrima (Lamiaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 234 (3) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Zhonghui Ma ◽  
Rongshao Huang ◽  
Zhiwei Su
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

The genus Callicarpa Linnaeus (1753: 111) with about 140 species is mainly distributed in temperate, subtropical and tropical Asia, America, Australia and the Pacific Islands (Harley et al. 2004; Bramley 2013; Zhang 2014; Ma & Su 2015), with 48 species and 13 varieties occurring in China (Chen & Gilbert 1994). Callicarpa was long thought to be included in Verbenaceae. However, based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies on the Verbenaceae and Lamiaceae, Callicarpa was transferred to Lamiaceae, along with Viticoideae and several other genera (Bramley 2009, 2013; Ma et al. 2015). During a taxonimic study of this genus in China, the name C. integerrima Champion ex Bentham (1853: 135) tourned out not yet typified. C. integerrima is currently accepted as endemic species of China (Chen & Gilbert 1994) and was described based on plants collected in Hongkong (Bentham 1853), but no specimens were cited in the protologue. We traced in K two duplicate specimens (K barcodes K000674744 and K000674745) collected by J.G. Champion in Hongkong that fit the protologue and can be regarded as syntypes (Art. 9.5 of the ICN, McNeill et al. 2012). The specimen K barcode K000674744 is better preserved and complete (flowers and fruits), and is selected here as the lectotype.

scholarly journals TOWARDS A FLORA OF NEW GUINEA: OLEACEAE. PART 1. JASMINUM, LIGUSTRUM, MYXOPYRUM AND OLEA.

REINWARDTIA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Ruth Kiew
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Far North ◽  
Coastal Species ◽  
The Pacific

KIEW, R. 2020. Towards a Flora of New Guinea: Oleaceae. Part 1. Jasminum, Ligustrum, Myxopyrum and Olea. Reinwardtia 19(1): 1‒25. ‒‒ Oleaceae in New Guinea is represented by five genera and about 32 species, namely Chionanthus (about 16 species), Jasminum (10 species), Ligustrum (3 species), Myxopyrum (2 species) and Olea (1 species). A key to genera as well as descriptions of and keys to species of Jasminum, Ligustrum, Myxopyrum and Olea are provided. Of the three Ligustrum species, L. glomeratum is widespread throughout Malesia, L. novoguineense is endemic and L. parvifolium Kiew is a new endemic species. Six species of Jasminum are endemic (J. domatiigerum, J. gilgianum, J. magnificum, J. papuasicum, J. pipolyi and J. rupestre). Jasminum turneri just reaches the northern tip of Australia; of the two species from the Pacific Islands J. simplicifolium subsp. australiense just reaches SE Papua New Guinea and J. didymum, a coastal species, reaches into Malesia as far north as E Java; J. elongatum is widespread from Asia to Australia. Neither Myxopyrum species is endemic: M. nervosum subsp. nervosum extends from Peninsular Malaysia to Indonesian New Guinea, and M. ovatum from the Philippines to the Admiralty Islands. The sole species of Olea, O. paniculata, stretches from Java to Australia and New Caledonia. 

scholarly journals A Review on Two Endemic Species of Genus Premna and their Conservational Importance

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4-s) ◽  
pp. 666-669
Author(s):  
Steffy Francis ◽  
V. Anand Gideon ◽  
S. John Britto ◽  
VJ Dessy
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Medicinal Properties

The genus Premna (Lamiaceae-APG IV) consists of about 200 species that are native mainly to the tropical and subtropical Asia, Africa, Australia and the Pacific islands. The species ofPremna are well known for their medicinal properties and have been used in Indian traditional system of medicine especially for diarrhoea, stomach and hepatic disorders. The aim of this review is to highlight two endemic species Premna rajendranii and Premna paucinervisand their importance of conservation. This review also helps to summarize the recent advances in the studies on genus Premna, its endemic status and their distribution in Western Ghats. Keywords: Endemism, Western Ghats, Premna rajendranii, Premna paucinervis

Eragrostis unioloides (Chinese lovegrass).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Angel Duenas-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Caribbean

Abstract Eragrostis unioloides is an annual grass or sometimes perennial, erect herb, rooting at nodes. Terrestrial, it grows in many dry as well as moist habitats. It is distributed in temperate and tropical Asia from southern Asia to Malesia and northeast Australia. It has been introduced in the southeast USA, Mesoamerica, the Caribbean, the Pacific Islands and in tropical West Africa. It is a common weedy grass mainly in rice crops in its native range and in some crops in the Caribbean region. It is found principally in disturbed sites, such as roadsides and in damp places in its distribution range. It is cited as invasive in Fiji, the Hawaiian Islands and Mexico, but no further information is available about its impacts in natural habitats or on biodiversity in its non-native range.

scholarly journals Eragrostis unioloides (Chinese lovegrass).

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Angel Duenas-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Caribbean

Abstract Eragrostis unioloides is an annual grass or sometimes perennial, erect herb, rooting at nodes. Terrestrial, it grows in many dry as well as moist habitats. It is distributed in temperate and tropical Asia from southern Asia to Malesia and northeast Australia. It has been introduced in the southeast USA, Mesoamerica, the Caribbean, the Pacific Islands and in tropical West Africa. It is a common weedy grass mainly in rice crops in its native range and in some crops in the Caribbean region. It is found principally in disturbed sites, such as roadsides and in damp places in its distribution range. It is cited as invasive in Fiji, the Hawaiian Islands and Mexico, but no further information is available about its impacts in natural habitats or on biodiversity in its non-native range.

Artocarpus altilis (breadfruit).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval ◽  
Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Artocarpus Altilis ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
Baked Goods ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Traditional Cultivars

Abstract A. altilis (breadfruit) is a multipurpose tree that is primarily valued for its highly nutritious, high-carbohydrate fruit. The species is native to the Pacific and tropical Asia and is now widely planted throughout the humid tropics (Rajendran, 1991; Ragone 1997). Breadfruit likely originated and was first domesticated in New Guinea and associated islands, such as the Bismarck Archipelago (Ragone, 1991). Its food qualities and potential for food production in other parts of tropics were quickly appreciated by Europeans when they first ventured into the Pacific in the late 1600s. Trees are long-lived, providing nutritious fruits for human consumption, timber and feed for animals (Sasuke, 1953; Jensen, 1995; Peters and Wills, 1956; Streets, 1962; Gupta, 1993; Hearne, 1975; Ragone, 1997; Whistler, 1992; Whistler, 1996; Yen, 1974). The species is an important component of traditional agroforestry systems in the Pacific Islands and is one of the most important seasonal, staple food crops. A. altilis can be grown under a range of ecological conditions and production requires little input of labour or materials. The ripe syncarps can be boiled, baked, roasted, and eaten plain or combined with other ingredients into a great variety of dishes (Ragone, 1997; Smith, 1981; Wootton and Tumaalii, 1984; Lepofsky, 1992; Little and Skolmen, 1989; Rajendran, 1991; Yen, 1974; Purseglove, 1968; Ragone, 1990). The fruit is commonly harvested and consumed when mature, but still firm, and used as a starchy staple. A. altilis trees provide a range of useful materials: timber for buildings, canoes and carving; fibre for cordage and fabric; latex; and medicines. Different parts of the plant - its roots, leaves and bark - have various medicinal properties (Cambie and Ash, 1994; Jensen, 1995; Purseglove, 1968; Wootton and Tumaalii, 1984). A. altilis is also an important garden ornamental tree and its large, dissected leaves have become a Pacific icon. It is also used as a windbreak or shade tree for coffee (Jensen, 1995). The greatest diversity of seeded and few-seeded cultivars is found in the eastern Solomon Islands and Vanuatu, while the greatest diversity of seedless cultivars occurs in eastern Polynesia (Society Islands and Marquesas) and Pohnpei and Chuuk in Micronesia (Ragone, 1997). Hundreds of traditional cultivars have been selected which are adapted to various climates and soils and accommodate a wide range of horticultural needs. These traditional cultivars need to be conserved and evaluated to maximize their potential use (Ragone, 1997). Generally the produce of A. altilis has not been traded over long distances, but it is now being exported from the Caribbean. Commercial processing is limited to preserving the boiled, cut fruit in brine (Rajendran, 1991). Development of commercial products and research to extend shelf-life have to be focused on the mature fruit stage (Ragone, 1997). Little is known about yield levels, harvesting seasons and others factors which determine whether breadfruit can hold its own against competing staple foods and fruits. Other research needs include developing a framework to first characterize, describe and evaluate existing collections, especially in the Pacific Islands, and identifying future collecting priorities (Ragone, 1997). For South-East Asia, an improved knowledge of the phenology and yields of trees in humid and monsoon climates is needed as a prerequisite to substantiate the claims that the prospects for breadfruit are good (Rajendran, 1991). Little attention has been given to expanding the use of ripe fruits: a much greater proportion of the breadfruit crop could be utilized and marketed if food products incorporating ripe breadfruit, such as baby food, baked goods and desserts, are developed.

scholarly journals Diversity in Pacific Slender-Toed Geckos, Nactus pelagicus Complex (Reptilia: Squamata), of New Guinea and Adjacent Islands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
George R. Zug
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Bisexual Species ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Kei Islands ◽  
Mascarene Islands

The diversity within the genus <i>Nactus</i> is slight in comparison to the other Australasian genus of narrow-toed geckos (<i>Cyrtodactylus</i>). The latter now has more than 290 species, with over half of these species newly described in the twenty-first century. In contrast, prior to this study, 12 <i>Nactus </i>species were recognized formally in the recent herpetological literature: three species in the Mascarene Islands, two in the Pacific Islands, three in Australia, and six in New Guinea and associated island groups. Three of these New Guinea species are miniature (snout–vent length ≤ 40 mm) species, and three are in the <i>pelagicus</i> complex; with the exception of the recently described <i>N. kunan</i>, all other New Guinean populations were labeled <i>N. pelagicus</i> even though they were known to be bisexual species and differed from the unisexual <i>N. pelagicus </i>of Oceania. Considering only bisexual New Guinean “<i>pelagicus</i>,” my morphological analyses recognize 24 distinct populations for which I provide new names or resurrected species names from synonymies. Of these 24, two species are extralimital (Morotai and Kei Islands). The sampling of <i>Nactus</i> in Indonesia Papua is very poor, with only one specimen from the base of the Vogelkop, two from south coast drainages, and more than a dozen from islands from the east coast of Cenderawasih Bay; the remainder derive from Papua New Guinea (PNG). The Indonesia Papua populations represent four species, two of which are shared with PNG. Papua New Guinea thus has a total of 20 species, varying from widespread species (e.g., north coast of main Papua to the Sepik-Ramu area) to a single locality in Madang or single islands in the Louisiade Archipelago. Most distributions of the PNG species match at least one other PNG anuran or reptile species. The greatest diversity of PNG species occurs in Madang Province to Huon Peninsula and the Milne Bay mainland with sympatry in both areas. The “<i>pelagicus</i> complex” of species is herein confirmed to be polyphyletic. In spite of its use in this study, its subsequent use should be restricted to the unisexual species and their parental species, of which only one (<i>N. multicarinatus</i>) is known. The preceding represents a subgroup within the larger clade of Australian and New Guinean bisexual species. For the present, I do not recommend a name for this group because a molecular phylogenetic analysis will be required to identify the cladogenesis of the <i>Nactus</i> species.

scholarly journals A pot-pourri of new species of Trypetheliaceae resulting from molecular phylogenetic studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 639-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert LÜCKING ◽  
Matthew P. NELSEN ◽  
André APTROOT ◽  
Michel N. BENATTI ◽  
Nguyen Quoc BINH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Orange Pigment ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Yellow Orange ◽  
Thallus Surface ◽  
Its Barcoding

AbstractBased on separately obtained and analyzed molecular data and within the framework of a global revision of the family Trypetheliaceae, 21 new species are described, from the Neotropics and tropical Asia, in the genera Architrypethelium (1), Astrothelium (15), Bathelium (1), Nigrovothelium (1), Trypethelium (1), and Viridothelium (2), namely: Architrypethelium lauropaluanum Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Marcelli sp. nov., differing from A. hyalinum in the perithecia immersed between coarse thallus verrucae and in the additional ascospore septa; Astrothelium aurantiacocinereum Lücking, Naksuwankul & Lumbsch sp. nov., differing from A. aeneum in the prominent, well-delimited, trypethelioid pseudostromata and the absence of pigment on the thallus surface, as well as in the barely lichenized thallus; A. carassense Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Marcelli sp. nov., differing from A. purpurascens in orange, K+ red pseudostroma pigment and the slightly larger ascospores; A. cryptolucens Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & N. Salazar sp. nov., differing from A. carrascoense in the inspersed hymenium; A. fijiense Lücking, Naksuwankul & Lumbsch sp. nov., differing from A. cinereorosellum in the presence of lichexanthone on the well-delimited pseudostromata and in the slightly shorter ascospores; A. laevithallinum Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Marcelli sp. nov., differing from A. endochryseum in the smooth thallus; A. leucosessile Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Aptroot sp. nov., differing from A. phlyctaena in the conspicuous, sessile pseudostromata; A. macrostomoides Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Benatti sp. nov., differing from A. macrostomum in the larger ascospores; A. megacrypticum Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & N. Salazar sp. nov., differing from A. longisporum in the single-spored asci and larger ascospores; A. nicaraguense Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & T. Orozco sp. nov., differing from A. gigantosporum in the smaller ascospores; A. norisianum Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Aptroot sp. nov., differing from A. sepultum in the distinct, well-delimited pseudostromata; A. obtectum Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Benatti sp. nov., differing from A. nigrocacuminum in the smaller ascospores; A. sordithecium Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Marcelli sp. nov., differing from A. leucothelium in the inspersed hymenium and the absence of lichexanthone from the thallus surface outside the pseudostromata; A. subendochryseum Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Marcelli sp. nov., differing from A. endochryseum in the absence of pigment in the pseudostromata and the lateral thallus cover of the pseudostromata; A. subinterjectum Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Jungbluth sp. nov., differing from A. obtectum in the smaller pseudostromata and smaller ascospores, and from A. interjectum in the diffuse pseudostromata and smaller ascospores; Bathelium porinosporum Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & Gueidan sp. nov., differing from other Bathelium species in the 3-septate, euseptate ascospores; Nigrovothelium bullatum Lücking, Upreti & Lumbsch sp. nov., differing from N. tropicum in the bullate thallus; Trypethelium tolimense Lücking, Moncada & M. Gut. sp. nov., differing from T. xanthoplatystomum in the absence of a yellow-orange pigment on the pseudostromata and the K+ yellow (not K+ red) medullary pigment; Viridothelium tricolor Lücking, M. P. Nelsen & N. Salazar sp. nov., characterized by black perithecia with a lateral ostiole immersed in white pseudostromata strongly contrasting with the surrounding brown thallus, in combination with 2-spored asci and large, muriform ascospores; and V. vonkonratii Lücking, Naksuwankul & Lumbsch sp. nov., differing from V. virens in larger ascospores and mostly solitary ascomata. All species are illustrated and their taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships are discussed. ITS barcoding sequences are reported for five specimens of Bathelium porinosporum.

scholarly journals Analyses towards determining Madagascar’s place in global biogeography

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şerban Procheş ◽  
Syd Ramdhani
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Tropical Asia ◽  
Taxonomic Level ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract The relationships of Madagascan plant and animal taxa have been the object of much fascination, Madagascar sharing numerous lineages with Africa, others with Asia, Australia, or the Americas, and many others being of uncertain relationships. In commonly accepted global regionalization schemata, Madagascar is treated together with Africa for animals, and with Africa, tropical Asia and the Pacific islands in the case of plants. Here we examine the similarities between the biotic assemblages of (i) tropical Africa, (ii) Madagascar, and (iii) the rest of the world, on a basic taxonomic level, considering the families of vascular plants and vertebrates as analysis units. The percentages of endemic families, families shared pair-wise between regions, or present in all three, are roughly similar between the two broad groups, though plant families with ranges limited to one region are proportionally fewer. In dendrograms and multidimensional scaling plots for different groups, Madagascar clusters together with Africa, Asia or both, and sometimes with smaller Indian Ocean Islands, but quite often (though not in plants) as a convincingly separate cluster. Our results for vertebrates justify the status of full zoogeographic region for Madagascar, though an equally high rank in geobotanical regionalization would mean also treating Africa and Tropical Asia as separate units, which would be debatable given the overall greater uniformity of plant assemblages. Beyond the Madagascan focus of this paper, the differences between plant and vertebrate clusters shown here suggest different levels of ecological plasticity at the same taxonomic level, with plant families being much more environmentally-bound, and thus clustering along biome lines rather than regional lines.

scholarly journals Diversity in Pacific Slender-Toed Geckos, Nactus pelagicus Complex (Reptilia: Squamata), of New Guinea and Adjacent Islands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
George R. Zug
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Bisexual Species ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Kei Islands ◽  
Mascarene Islands

The diversity within the genus <i>Nactus</i> is slight in comparison to the other Australasian genus of narrow-toed geckos (<i>Cyrtodactylus</i>). The latter now has more than 290 species, with over half of these species newly described in the twenty-first century. In contrast, prior to this study, 12 <i>Nactus </i>species were recognized formally in the recent herpetological literature: three species in the Mascarene Islands, two in the Pacific Islands, three in Australia, and six in New Guinea and associated island groups. Three of these New Guinea species are miniature (snout–vent length ≤ 40 mm) species, and three are in the <i>pelagicus</i> complex; with the exception of the recently described <i>N. kunan</i>, all other New Guinean populations were labeled <i>N. pelagicus</i> even though they were known to be bisexual species and differed from the unisexual <i>N. pelagicus </i>of Oceania. Considering only bisexual New Guinean “<i>pelagicus</i>,” my morphological analyses recognize 24 distinct populations for which I provide new names or resurrected species names from synonymies. Of these 24, two species are extralimital (Morotai and Kei Islands). The sampling of <i>Nactus</i> in Indonesia Papua is very poor, with only one specimen from the base of the Vogelkop, two from south coast drainages, and more than a dozen from islands from the east coast of Cenderawasih Bay; the remainder derive from Papua New Guinea (PNG). The Indonesia Papua populations represent four species, two of which are shared with PNG. Papua New Guinea thus has a total of 20 species, varying from widespread species (e.g., north coast of main Papua to the Sepik-Ramu area) to a single locality in Madang or single islands in the Louisiade Archipelago. Most distributions of the PNG species match at least one other PNG anuran or reptile species. The greatest diversity of PNG species occurs in Madang Province to Huon Peninsula and the Milne Bay mainland with sympatry in both areas. The “<i>pelagicus</i> complex” of species is herein confirmed to be polyphyletic. In spite of its use in this study, its subsequent use should be restricted to the unisexual species and their parental species, of which only one (<i>N. multicarinatus</i>) is known. The preceding represents a subgroup within the larger clade of Australian and New Guinean bisexual species. For the present, I do not recommend a name for this group because a molecular phylogenetic analysis will be required to identify the cladogenesis of the <i>Nactus</i> species.

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