Ensuring the effects of climate warming; the sensitivity of controlling factors on soil respiration in Sub-Tropical grassland

Prevailing climate change is expected due to carbon dioxide emission to the atmosphere through soil respiration and perhaps the alteration in the terrestrial carbon cycle. The measurements to establish the effect and sensitivity of soil temperature, soil water content and plant biomass on soil respiration was performed in the sub-tropical grassland located in Central Nepal. Field measurements of soil respiration was conducted by using the closed-chamber method, and soil temperature, soil water content and plant biomass were monitored in the years 2015 and 2016. The soil respiration showed positive significant exponential function which accounted for 74.6% (R2=0.746, p<0.05) of its variation with the soil temperature. The temperature sensitivity of soil respiration, Q10 value obtained was 2.68. Similarly, soil respiration showed a positive significant exponential function that accounted for 37.2% (R2=0.372, p<0.05) of its variation with the soil water content. Remarkable seasonal and monthly variations were observed in soil respiration, soil temperature and soil water content, and the plant biomass as well followed the seasonal trend in variation of the soil respiration. Average soil respiration during measurements period was observed 325.51 mg CO2 m-2 h-1 and the annual soil respiration of the grassland in the years 2015 and 2016 was estimated 592.35 g C m-2 y-1. The study confirmed that soil temperature is the most influential primary factor in controlling soil respiration along with the soil water content and plant biomass. This research indicates that through emissions under the increasing temperature and precipitation, in the changing climate, the sub-tropical grassland could be an additional source of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere that might spur risk for further warming.

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Effects of Throughfall Exclusion on Soil Respiration in a Moso Bamboo Forest Soil in Southeast China

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.3762 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 726-731 ◽

pp. 3762-3766

Author(s):

Qian Li ◽

Ben Zhi Zhou ◽

Xiao Ming Wang ◽

Xiao Gai Ge ◽

Yong Hui Cao

Keyword(s):

Soil Respiration ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Bamboo Forest ◽

Monthly Variation ◽

Exclusion Experiment ◽

Throughfall Exclusion ◽

And Control

Both soil temperature and soil water condition are important factors that influence soil respiration at different forest. In this study, a throughfall exclusion experiment was carried out to explore effects of increased soil temperature and decreased soil water content on soil respirations in the bamboo forest in North Zhejiang of China. The results showed that 1) monthly variation in soil respiration ranges from 2.00 to 0.63μmol·m-2·s-1 and 2.20 to 0.66μmolm-2s-1in throughfall exclusion and control plots respectively. The soil respiration monthly variation following the monthly variation of soil temperature and in contrast to the monthly soil water content. 2) Soil temperature can explain 65.5%and 73.9% of the variance of soil respiration in throughfall exclusion and control plots respectively. Multivariate linear model based on temperature and soil water content explained 66.9% and 73.4% of the variance of soil respiration in throughfall exclusion and control plots respectively. Soil water content had no significant relationship with soil respiration. Q10 values of throughfall exclusion and control plots were 5.99 and 4.44.

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Soil Respiration Dynamics in Bromus erectus-Dominated Grasslands under Different Management Intensities

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture10010009 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Matteo Francioni ◽

Laura Trozzo ◽

Marco Toderi ◽

Nora Baldoni ◽

Marina Allegrezza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Soil Respiration ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Short Term ◽

Intensive Use ◽

Main Driver ◽

Bromus Erectus

Reduction of soil greenhouse gas emissions is crucial to control increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Permanent grasslands are of considerable importance in climate change mitigation strategies as they cover about 13% of the global agricultural area. However, uncertainties remain for the effects of management practices on soil respiration, especially over the short term. This study investigated the influence of different mowing intensities on soil respiration over the short term for Bromus erectus-dominated grasslands in the central Apennines. From 2016 to 2018, soil respiration, temperature, and moisture were measured under three different management systems: customary management, intensive use, and abandonment. Both soil water content and temperature changed over time, however mowing did not affect soil water content while occasionally altered soil temperature. The intensive use promoted higher seasonal mean soil respiration compared to the abandonment only during the 2016 growing season. Soil temperature was the main driver of soil respiration above a soil water content threshold that varied little among treatments (18.23–22.71%). Below the thresholds, soil moisture was the main driver of soil respiration. These data suggest that different mowing regimes have little influence on soil respiration over the short term in Bromus erectus-dominated grasslands. Thus, more intensive use would not have significative impacts on soil respiration, at least over the short term. Future studies need to clarify the role of root mycorrhizal and microbial respiration in the light of climate change, considering the seasonal redistribution of the rainfall.

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Effects of soil temperature and soil water content on soil respiration in three forest types in Changbai Mountain

Journal of Forestry Research ◽

10.1007/bf02856744 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 113-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Wang Miao ◽

Li Qiu-rong ◽

Xiao Dong-mei ◽

Dong Bai-li

Keyword(s):

Soil Respiration ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Changbai Mountain ◽

Forest Types

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Seasonal and Interannual Variation of Soil Respiration on the Sanjiang Plain Wentlands in Northeast China

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.692.70 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 692 ◽

pp. 70-73 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jian Bo Wang ◽

Xiao Ling Fu ◽

Hai Xiu Zhong ◽

Ji Feng Wang ◽

Hong Wei Ni

Keyword(s):

Soil Respiration ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Northeast China ◽

Seasonal Pattern ◽

Sanjiang Plain ◽

The Sanjiang Plain ◽

Temperate Wetlands

Response of soil respiration in temperate wetlands in northeast China was studied from June 2009 to September 2011. Li-Cor 6400 infrared gas analyzer connected with a chamber was used to quantify the soil respiration. Results showed that soil respiration displayed a distinct seasonal pattern, with higher values observed in midsummer and lower values in spring and autumn. Furthermore, soil respiration exhibited a significant inter-annual variation. In addition, soil respiration presented significant positive exponential relationships with soil temperature. Whereas, significant exponential decay relationships between soil respiration rate and soil water content was found. In this ecosystem, soil temperature, soil water content and plant phenology together control soil respiration.

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Spatial and temporal variation in soil respiration in a seasonally dry tropical forest, Thailand

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s026646740999006x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 531-539 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Minaco Adachi ◽

Atsushi Ishida ◽

Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin ◽

Toshinori Okuda ◽

Hiroshi Koizumi

Keyword(s):

Soil Respiration ◽

Soil Temperature ◽

Diurnal Variation ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Respiration Rate ◽

Dry Season ◽

Wet Season ◽

Soil Respiration Rate

Abstract:Spatial and seasonal variation in soil respiration rates were investigated in a tropical dry forest in Thailand. The spatial variation was examined at 50 points within a 2-ha plot in the forest floor during the dry and wet seasons. The seasonal and diurnal variations in soil respiration were measured at 16 and 5 points, respectively. The mean soil respiration rate during the wet season was 1041 ± 542 mg CO2 m−2 h−1 (mean ± SD), which is about twice that during the dry season. Soil respiration rate was negatively correlated with soil water content during the wet season. A polynomial equation using seasonal data describes soil respiration and water content: soil respiration rate increased with soil water content, but started to drop when soil water content exceeded 21%. The diurnal variation in soil respiration rate during the wet season was positively correlated with soil temperature, whereas during the wet season it was not correlated with soil temperature. The diurnal variation in soil respiration rate during the dry season showed a midday depression. The estimation of soil carbon flux with polynomial equations should incorporate different functions for the wet and dry seasons in tropical dry forests.

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Effect of inter-row cultivation on soil carbon dioxide emission in a peach plantation

Agrokémia és Talajtan ◽

10.1556/agrokem.59.2010.1.19 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 157-164 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. Tóth ◽

Cs. Farkas

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Soil Disturbance ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Favourable Effect ◽

Volumetric Soil Water Content

Soil biological properties and CO2emission were compared in undisturbed grass and regularly disked rows of a peach plantation. Higher nutrient content and biological activity were found in the undisturbed, grass-covered rows. Significantly higher CO2fluxes were measured in this treatment at almost all the measurement times, in all the soil water content ranges, except the one in which the volumetric soil water content was higher than 45%. The obtained results indicated that in addition to the favourable effect of soil tillage on soil aeration, regular soil disturbance reduces soil microbial activity and soil CO2emission.

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Microbial CO2 production from surface and subsurface soil as affected by temperature, moisture, and nitrogen fertilisation

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr07144 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 46 (3) ◽

pp. 273 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Xiaobin Jin ◽

Shenmin Wang ◽

Yinkang Zhou

Keyword(s):

Soil Temperature ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Sanjiang Plain ◽

Co2 Production ◽

The Sanjiang Plain ◽

Subsurface Soil ◽

C Mineralisation ◽

Q10 Values

The Sanjiang Plain of north-east China is presently the second largest freshwater marsh in China. The drainage and use of marshes for agricultural fields occurred in the past 50 years, resulting in the increase in cultivated land from about 2.9 × 108 m2 in 1893 to 4.57 × 1010 m2 in 1994. Under human disturbance in the past half century, the environment in Sanjiang Plain has had significant change. We hypothesised that environmental factors such as soil moisture, soil temperature, and soil N levels affect the rates of soil organic C mineralisation and the nature of the controls on microbial CO2 production to change with depth through the soil profile in the freshwater marsh in the Sanjiang Plain. In a series of experiments, we measured the influence of soil temperature, soil water content, and nitrogen additions on soil microbial CO2 production rates. The results showed that Q10 values (the factor by which the CO2 production rate increases when the temperature is increased by 10°C) significantly increased with soil depth through the soil profile (P < 0.05). The average Q10 values for the surface soils were 2.7 (0–0.2 m), significantly lower than that (average Q10 values 3.3) for the subsurface samples (0.2–0.6 m) (P < 0.05), indicating that C mineralisation rates were more sensitive to temperature in subsurface soil horizons than in surface horizons. The maximum respiration rate was measured at 60% water hold capacity for each sample. The quadratic equation function adequately describes the relationship between soil respiration and soil water content, and the R2 values were > 0.80. The sensitivity of microbial CO2 production rate response to soil water content for surface soils (0–0.2 m) was slightly lower than for subsurface soils (0.2–0.6 m). The responses of actual soil respiration rates to nitrogen fertilisation were different for surface and subsurface soils. In the surface soils (0–0.2 m), the addition of N caused a slight decreased in respiration rates compared with the control, whereas, in the subsurface soils (0.2–0.6 m), the addition of N tended to increase microbial CO2 production rates, and the addition of 10 µg N/g soil treatment caused twice the increase in C mineralisation rates of the control. Our results suggested that the responses of microbial CO2 production to changes in soil moisture, soil temperature, and soil N levels varied with soil depth through the profile, and subsurface soil organic C was more sensitive to temperature increase and nitrogen inputs in the freshwater marsh of the Sanjiang Plain.

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SURFACE RESIDUES: EFFECTS ON SOIL MOISTURE AND TEMPERATURE1

Revista Caatinga ◽

10.1590/1983-21252021v34n416rc ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 887-894

Author(s):

GUSTAVO HADDAD SOUZA VIEIRA ◽

ARILDO SEBASTIÃO SILVA ◽

ARUN DILIPKUMAR JANI ◽

LUSINERIO PREZOTTI ◽

PAOLA ALFONSA VIEIRA LO MONACO

Keyword(s):

Soil Temperature ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Block Design ◽

Soil Disturbance ◽

Dry Season ◽

Depth Range ◽

Sunn Hemp

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine how crop residue placement and composition would affect soil water content and temperature during the dry season in the central region of Espírito Santo state, Brazil. A 19-week field study was conducted from April to August 2017. A 2 x 4 factorial study with four replications was implemented using a randomized complete block design. Factors were soil management [conventional tillage (CT) and no soil disturbance (ND)] and residue amendment [maize (Zea mays L.), sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), a maize-sunn hemp mixture, and a no amendment control]. Soil water content and temperature were measured weekly at predetermined soil depth intervals. Soil water content was higher in ND plots amended with surface residues than under all other treatments in the 0 to 0.05 m depth range. All residue amendments in this range were equally effective in conserving soil water. Surface residues reduced soil temperature by up to 8.4 °C relative to the control in ND plots. Incorporating residue amendments by CT cancelled all temperature-moderating benefits provided by surface residues. These results indicate that surface residues from cereals, legumes, or cereal/legume mixtures are equally effective in conserving soil water and moderating soil temperature during the dry season. Additional research is needed to determine how improved soil environmental conditions, generated by surface residues, would affect nutrient acquisition and crop performance.

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