scholarly journals Ten questions about intracranial epidural hematoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Carlos Umberto Pereira ◽  
Nicollas Nunes Rabelo ◽  
Gabriela Ferreira Kalkman ◽  
Rodrigo Antonio Rocha da Cruz Adry ◽  
Debora Moura da Paixão Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Epidural Hematoma ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Cranial Sutures ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Appropriate Treatment

Introduction: Intracranial epidural hematoma (EH) is considered a neurosurgical emergency. Its knowledgement has been increasingly prominent in literature. Methods: a literature review was performed on ten questions related to intracranial EH, such as age, sex, causes, location, imaging findings, neurological examination, lucid interval, hematoma size, treatment and prognosis. Conclusion: EH affects more young adult males. It does not cross the lines of cranial sutures. The lucid interval has been commonly described, however, it is not pathognomonic of EH, and may occur in other lesions of expanding mass. The computed tomography (CT) scan of the skull has been the exam of choice. The size influences prognosis and sequelae, when small and asymptomatic the treatment has been conservative and, if bulky, it requires surgical intervention. Early recognition and appropriate treatment for a good prognosis is of great importance.

Imaging findings of spontaneous thymic hemorrhage in infancy: Case report and literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
Chanunporn Leekumnerdthai ◽  
Panruethai Trinavarat ◽  
Darintr Sosothikul ◽  
Nattinee Leelakanok
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Superior Mediastinum ◽  
Vascular Flow ◽  
Congenital Factor

The authors report imaging findings of spontaneous thymic hemorrhage, which is a rare entity in infancy, in a 4-month-old boy with congenital factor VII deficiency presented with acute respiratory distress and anemia. Widening of superior mediastinum and leftpleural effusion were detected on the chest radiograph. Ultrasound and computed tomography of the chest revealed diffusely enlarged thymus with heterogeneous parenchyma from poorly-defined areas of altered echogenicity or attenuation. Vascular flow was depicted within the abnormal thymus in color-mode sonography. Thespontaneous involution of thymic abnormality seen on serial ultrasonography confirmed the diagnosis of thymic hemorrhage, resulting in avoidance of further unnecessary imaging or invasive procedure.

scholarly journals Fournier's Gangrene Complicating Hematologic Malignancies: Literature Review and Treatment Suggestions

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e2013067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni D'Arena ◽  
Giuseppe Pietrantuono ◽  
Emilio Buccino ◽  
Giancarlo Pacifico ◽  
Pellegrino Musto
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Necrotizing Fasciitis ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Fournier’S Gangrene ◽  
Fournier's Gangrene ◽  
Appropriate Treatment

Fournier’s gangrene (FG) is a rare but severe necrotizing fasciitis of the external genitalia that may complicate the clinical course of hematologic malignancies and sometimes may be the first sign of the disease. The clinical course of FG is very aggressive and the mortality is still high despite the improvement in its management. Early recognition of FG and prompt appropriate treatment with surgical debridement and administration of antibiotics are the cornerstone of the management of this very severe disease.

scholarly journals Intestinal Obstruction in Pregnancy: A Case Report

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakina Rauff ◽  
Stephen Kin Yong Chang ◽  
Eng Kien Tan
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Fetal Mortality ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background. Intestinal obstruction in pregnancy is uncommon. The condition is associated with significant maternal and fetal mortality. The delay in diagnosis is due to nonspecific symptoms and a disinclination to carry out radiologic investigations in pregnancy.Case. A 39-year-old lady at 32 weeks of gestation presented with abdominal pain and nausea. Her symptoms worsened during admission. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed dilated small bowel loops suggestive of intestinal obstruction. She eventually underwent a laparotomy as conservative measures failed.Conclusion. A high index of clinical suspicion is required to diagnose intestinal obstruction in pregnancy. Prompt diagnosis should be made and the appropriate treatment instituted. Surgical intervention should be performed if necessary as further delay only results in increased morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals Foix-Alajouanine Syndrome Mimicking Longitudinally Extensive Transverse Myelitis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anirudha S Rathnam ◽  
Anza B Memon
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformation ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Good Prognosis ◽  
Longitudinally Extensive Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Extensive Transverse Myelitis

Foix-Alajouanine syndrome is an arteriovenous malformation causing subacute congestive myelopathy that can lead to progressive paraplegia. It typically affects the lower thoracic and lumbosacral levels. Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) leads to increased venous pressure, decreasing the arteriovenous pressure gradient and leading to a decrease in spinal cord perfusion, oedema and necrosis. Early recognition and surgical intervention can result in a good prognosis.

scholarly journals Extensive long-segment cervicothoracic traumatic spinal epidural hematoma with avulsion of C7, C8, and T1 nerve roots

2014 ◽  
Vol 05 (04) ◽  
pp. 414-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanwaljeet Garg ◽  
Guru Dutta Satyarthee ◽  
Raghav Singla ◽  
Bhawani Shankar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Epidural Hematoma ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Spinal Epidural Hematoma ◽  
Imaging Findings ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Neurologic Recovery ◽  
Neurologic Function ◽  
Spinal Epidural

ABSTRACTTraumatic spinal epidural hematoma (TSEH) is of rare clinical occurrence. We report a case of a young man with posttraumatic long-segment spinal epidural hematoma. Evacuation of the hematoma led to complete neurologic recovery in our patient. Our case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and prompt surgical intervention for the evacuation of hematoma in preservation or maximum recovery of neurologic function. Imaging findings, management options, and the relevant literature are reviewed.

scholarly journals When Mount Fuji Can Erupt after Seven Days: A Case Report of Delayed Posttraumatic Tension Pneumocephalus with Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 187-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. T. T. Rajan ◽  
G. Krrithvi Dharini ◽  
V. S. Sathish Anand ◽  
H. S. Nandish
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Raised Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Tension Pneumocephalus ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea ◽  
Initial Injury ◽  
Cranial Fossa

AbstractTension pneumocephalus (TPC) is a neurosurgical emergency that occurs when there is an expansion of trapped intracranial gas causing raised intracranial pressure. Rarely, posttraumatic TPC can occur even after 72 hours although the initial scans are normal. There are less than 20 cases of delayed TPC in the reported literature. Here, we report a case of delayed TPC that occurred 7 days after the initial injury and presented as sudden neurological deterioration. It was promptly diagnosed with a computed tomography brain and appropriate surgical intervention was performed and the outcome was good. We also did a literature review of reported cases of delayed TPC and looked out for factors that may predict its occurrence. The occurrence of an episode of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, followed by worsening of headache and sensorium in a patient with anterior cranial fossa fracture should alert a neurosurgeon to the possibility of delayed TPC.

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