scholarly journals Development of a cryogenic x-ray detector and an application for kaon mass measurement.

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Phelan ◽  
Daniele Tortorella ◽  
Ken Suzuki ◽  
Johann Zmeskal ◽  
Matthias Buehler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Measurement ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Kaon Mass

A high-resolution x-ray spectrometer for a kaon mass measurement

2017 ◽  
Vol 845 ◽  
pp. 533-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Phelan ◽  
Ken Suzuki ◽  
Johann Zmeskal ◽  
Daniele Tortorella ◽  
Matthias Bühler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Mass Measurement ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Kaon Mass

Microbolometers for high resolution x-ray spectroscopy and neutrino mass measurement

2000 ◽  
Vol 85 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 280-283
Author(s):  
A Monfardini ◽  
A Alessandrello ◽  
J.W Beeman ◽  
C Brofferio ◽  
O Cremonesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Neutrino Mass ◽  
Mass Measurement ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Neutrino Mass Measurement

scholarly journals Broad spectral lines in AGNs and supermassive black hole mass measurements

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luka Č. Popović
Keyword(s):  
Mass Measurement ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Black Hole Mass ◽  
Mass Measurements ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Supermassive Black Hole ◽  
Broad Emission ◽  
Absorbing Material

AbstractThe mass measurement of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) is a very complex task. Between several methods for SMBH mass measurements, some of them use the spectral lines, which indicate the motion of the emitting/absorbing material around an SMBH. Mostly, there is an assumption of virialization of line emitting gas in the region which is close to the central SMBH. In this paper we will give an overview of methods for the SMBH mass measurements using broad emission spectral lines observed in Type 1 AGNs. First we give the basic idea to use the parameters of broad lines to SMBH mass measurements. After that we give an overview of broad lines from X-ray (Fe kα) to the IR (Pashen and Brecket lines) which have been used for SMBH mass estimates. Additionally, we describe and discuss a new method for SMBH mass measurements using the polarization in the broad lines emitted from Type 1 AGNs.

scholarly journals Mass Measurement of Accreting Magnetic White Dwarfs with Hard X-Ray Spectroscopy

1998 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 97-100
Author(s):  
M. Ishida ◽  
R. Fujimoto
Keyword(s):  
White Dwarf ◽  
White Dwarfs ◽  
Mass Measurement ◽  
Cataclysmic Variables ◽  
Magnetic Pole ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Secondary Star ◽  
Magnetic Cataclysmic Variables ◽  
Image Position ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Accreting magnetic white dwarfs are usually found as component stars in Magnetic Cataclysmic Variables (MCVs), in which a white dwarf with B = 105-8 G accepts mass from a late type (secondary) star via Roche Lobe overflow. Matter from the secondary is funneled by the magnetic field and concentrates on the magnetic pole(s) of the white dwarf. Since the accretion flow becomes highly supersonic, a standing shock wave is formed close to the white dwarf. The temperature of the plasma at the shock front reflects the gravitational potential and can be denoted as a function of the mass (M) and the radius (R) of the white dwarf as: Note here that the height of the shock is expected to be within 10% of the white dwarf radius, and hence neglected here.

Regional skeletal muscle measurement: evaluation of new dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry model

1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 1163-1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Zimian Wang ◽  
Myles S. Faith ◽  
Donald Kotler ◽  
Rick Shih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mass Measurement ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
System Level ◽  
Axial Tomography ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Computerized Axial Tomography ◽  
Tissue System ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Although there is growing interest in studying muscle distribution, regional skeletal muscle (SM) mass measurement methods remain limited. The aim of the present study was to develop a new dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) model for estimating regional adipose tissue-free skeletal muscle mass (AT-free SM). Relationships were derived from Reference Man data between tissue-system- level components (i.e., AT-free SM, AT, skeleton, and skin) and molecular-level components including fat-free soft tissue, fat, and bone mineral. The proposed DEXA-SM model was evaluated by multiscan computerized axial tomography (CT). Twenty-seven male subjects [age, 36 ± 12 (SD) yr; body mass, 73.2 ± 12.4 kg; 20 were healthy, and 7 had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome] completed DEXA and CT studies. Identical landmarks for DEXA and CT measurements were selected in three regions, including calves, thighs, and forearms. There was a strong correlation for AT-free SM estimates between the new DEXA and CT methods (e.g., sum of three regions, r= 0.86, P < 0.001). Regional AT-free SM measured in the 27 subjects by DEXA and CT, respectively, were 3.44 ± 0.60 and 3.47 ± 0.55 kg (difference 0.9%, P > 0.05) for calves, 10.49 ± 1.77 and 10.05 ± 1.79 kg (difference 4.4%, P < 0.05) for thighs, 1.36 ± 0.49 and 1.20 ± 0.41 kg (difference 13.3%, P < 0.01) for forearms, and 15.29 ± 2.33 and 14.72 ± 2.33 kg (difference 3.9%, P < 0.05) for the sum all three regions. Although the suggested DEXA-SM model needs minor refinements, this is a promising in vivo approach for measurement of regional SM, because DEXA is widely available, relatively inexpensive, and radiation exposure is low.

Measurement of water content in hydrated cryosections by EELS

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 660-661
Author(s):  
R.D. Leapman ◽  
R.L. Ornberg
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Mass Measurement ◽  
Cell Volume Regulation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Scattering Method ◽  
Direct Estimate ◽  
Electron Dose ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

Determination of cellular organelle water content is important in understanding cell volume regulation and also for converting x-ray microanalytical measurements of diffusible ions and elements from dry mass concentration to the biologically more relevant aqueous concentration. It has been proposed that electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) can be used to measure mass thickness in frozen hydrated and dehydrated cryosections at low electron dose, and that the method should thus provide a direct estimate of water content. Potentially the EELS inelastic scattering method has a number of advantages over alternative approaches. For example use of the x-ray continuum to measure mass requires much higher doses and cannot be applied at resolutions of 100nm to hydrated samples. Moreover, hydrated cryosections are often too thick to utilize dark field STEM imaging for mass measurement.

scholarly journals Skeletal muscle mass and quality: evolution of modern measurement concepts in the context of sarcopenia

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven B. Heymsfield ◽  
M. Cristina Gonzalez ◽  
Jianhua Lu ◽  
Guang Jia ◽  
Jolene Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Mass Measurement ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Performance Indices ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Muscle Composition ◽  
Total Body ◽  
New Research

The first reports of accurate skeletal muscle mass measurement in human subjects appeared at about the same time as introduction of the sarcopenia concept in the late 1980s. Since then these methods, computed tomography and MRI, have been used to gain insights into older (i.e. anthropometry and urinary markers) and more recently developed and refined methods (ultrasound, bioimpedance analysis and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) of quantifying regional and total body skeletal muscle mass. The objective of this review is to describe the evolution of these methods and their continued development in the context of sarcopenia evaluation and treatment. Advances in these technologies are described with a focus on additional quantifiable measures that relate to muscle composition and ‘quality’. The integration of these collective evaluations with strength and physical performance indices is highlighted with linkages to evaluation of sarcopenia and the spectrum of related disorders such as sarcopenic obesity, cachexia and frailty. Our findings show that currently available methods and those in development are capable of non-invasively extending measures from solely ‘mass’ to quality evaluations that promise to close the gaps now recognised between skeletal muscle mass and muscle function, morbidity and mortality. As the largest tissue compartment in most adults, skeletal muscle mass and aspects of muscle composition can now be evaluated by a wide array of technologies that provide important new research and clinical opportunities aligned with the growing interest in the spectrum of conditions associated with sarcopenia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document