scholarly journals No reserved communication lanes for high energy

2006 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. E
Author(s):  
Nico Pitrelli
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Linear Collider ◽  
International Linear Collider ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Particle Accelerator ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Accelerator Facility ◽  
Superconducting Super Collider ◽  
History Of

The American particle physics community is in jeopardy and may end up drowning in a boundless sea trying to grasp at non-existing funds, dragging US physics and science as a whole to the bottom. This is a price the most powerful and high-tech country of the world cannot afford, as warned by the editors of a report published in late April by the National Academy of Sciences1. Behind so much alarm is the International Linear Collider (ILC) – a large particle accelerator facility which, according to the report, should be built on American territory, if research on the elementary constituents of nature is to survive in the United States. The ILC will probably cost a total of five hundred million dollars in the first five years, whereas billions will have to be invested in the subsequent seven years. Hardly impressive, however, if compared with the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC), the biggest and costliest machine ever conceived in the history of science. Devised to describe the first instants of the universe, as many will recall, the SSC project was severely hampered by political and bureaucratic plots in 1993, when the Clinton administration decided to halt work on the accelerator, after ten years and approximately two billion dollars already spent.

scholarly journals The future of the Large Hadron Collider and CERN

2012 ◽  
Vol 370 (1961) ◽  
pp. 986-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf-Dieter Heuer
Keyword(s):  
Large Hadron Collider ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Linear Collider ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
International Linear Collider ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Scientific Programme ◽  
Electron Positron ◽  
To Come ◽  
Energy Frontier

This paper presents the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and its current scientific programme and outlines options for high-energy colliders at the energy frontier for the years to come. The immediate plans include the exploitation of the LHC at its design luminosity and energy, as well as upgrades to the LHC and its injectors. This may be followed by a linear electron–positron collider, based on the technology being developed by the Compact Linear Collider and the International Linear Collider collaborations, or by a high-energy electron–proton machine. This contribution describes the past, present and future directions, all of which have a unique value to add to experimental particle physics, and concludes by outlining key messages for the way forward.

scholarly journals Sustainability of the Merlin++ particle tracking code

2019 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 05028
Author(s):  
Scott Rowan ◽  
Sam Tygier ◽  
Yuanfang Cai ◽  
Colin C. Venters ◽  
Robert B. Appleby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Tracking ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Linear Collider ◽  
Hadron Collider ◽  
International Linear Collider ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Particle Accelerator ◽  
Code Design ◽  
Scientific Software ◽  
Code Complexity

Merlin++ is a C++ particle accelerator and particle tracking library originally developed at DESY for use in International Linear Collider (ILC) simulations. Merlin++ has more recently been adapted for High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) collimation studies, utilizing advanced scattering physics. However, as is all too common in long-standing high-energy physics software, recent developments have focused on functional additions rather than code design and maintainability. This has resulted in usability issues for users and developers alike. The following presents recent improvements in adhering to modern software sustainability practices to address these issues. Quantifiable improvements in code complexity and maintainability are presented via appropriate test metrics and the evolution of the software architecture is analyzed. Experiences and conclusions of applying modern sustainability methodology to longstanding scientific software are discussed.

scholarly journals Electron-ion collider in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele P. Anderle ◽  
Valerio Bertone ◽  
Xu Cao ◽  
Lei Chang ◽  
Ningbo Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
The United States ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Heavy Flavor ◽  
Accelerator Facility ◽  
Heavy Ion Accelerator ◽  
Ion Accelerator

AbstractLepton scattering is an established ideal tool for studying inner structure of small particles such as nucleons as well as nuclei. As a future high energy nuclear physics project, an Electron-ion collider in China (EicC) has been proposed. It will be constructed based on an upgraded heavy-ion accelerator, High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) which is currently under construction, together with a new electron ring. The proposed collider will provide highly polarized electrons (with a polarization of ∼80%) and protons (with a polarization of ∼70%) with variable center of mass energies from 15 to 20 GeV and the luminosity of (2–3) × 1033 cm−2 · s−1. Polarized deuterons and Helium-3, as well as unpolarized ion beams from Carbon to Uranium, will be also available at the EicC.The main foci of the EicC will be precision measurements of the structure of the nucleon in the sea quark region, including 3D tomography of nucleon; the partonic structure of nuclei and the parton interaction with the nuclear environment; the exotic states, especially those with heavy flavor quark contents. In addition, issues fundamental to understanding the origin of mass could be addressed by measurements of heavy quarkonia near-threshold production at the EicC. In order to achieve the above-mentioned physics goals, a hermetical detector system will be constructed with cutting-edge technologies.This document is the result of collective contributions and valuable inputs from experts across the globe. The EicC physics program complements the ongoing scientific programs at the Jefferson Laboratory and the future EIC project in the United States. The success of this project will also advance both nuclear and particle physics as well as accelerator and detector technology in China.

scholarly journals REVIEW OF THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF NONCOMMUTATIVE GEOMETRY

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (02) ◽  
pp. 179-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. HINCHLIFFE ◽  
N. KERSTING ◽  
Y. L. MA
Keyword(s):  
Electric Dipole ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Extra Dimensions ◽  
Linear Collider ◽  
Dipole Moments ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Electric Dipole Moments ◽  
The Status ◽  
High Energy Scattering

We present a pedagogical review of particle physics models that are based on the noncommutativity of space–time, [Formula: see text], with specific attention to the phenomenology these models predict in particle experiments either in existence or under development. We summarize results obtained for high energy scattering such as would occur, for example, in a future e+e-linear collider with [Formula: see text], as well as low energy experiments such as those pertaining to elementary electric dipole moments and other CP violating observables, and finally comment on the status of phenomenological work in cosmology and extra dimensions.

scholarly journals Luiza: Analysis Framework for GLORIA

10.14311/1718 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksander Filip Żarnecki ◽  
Lech Wiktor Piotrowski ◽  
Lech Mankiewicz ◽  
Sebastian Małek
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
High Energy Physics ◽  
Linear Collider ◽  
International Linear Collider ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Distributed Data ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
Full Analysis ◽  
Distributed Data Analysis ◽  
Energy Physics

The Luiza analysis framework for GLORIA is based on the Marlin package, which was originally developed for data analysis in the new High Energy Physics (HEP) project, International Linear Collider (ILC). The HEP experiments have to deal with enormous amounts of data and distributed data analysis is therefore essential. The Marlin framework concept seems to be well suited for the needs of GLORIA. The idea (and large parts of the code) taken from Marlin is that every computing task is implemented as a processor (module) that analyzes the data stored in an internal data structure, and the additional output is also added to that collection. The advantage of this modular approach is that it keeps things as simple as possible. Each step of the full analysis chain, e.g. from raw images to light curves, can be processed step-by-step, and the output of each step is still self consistent and can be fed in to the next step without any manipulation.

Industrialization of Superconducting RF Accelerator Technology

2012 ◽  
Vol 05 ◽  
pp. 265-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Peiniger ◽  
Michael Pekeler ◽  
Hanspeter Vogel
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Linear Collider ◽  
International Linear Collider ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Superconducting Rf ◽  
Accelerator Technology ◽  
Srf Cavities

Superconducting RF (SRF) accelerator technology has basically existed for 50 years. It took about 20 years to conduct basic R&D and prototyping at universities and international institutes before the first superconducting accelerators were built, with industry supplying complete accelerator cavities. In parallel, the design of large scale accelerators using SRF was done worldwide. In order to build those accelerators, industry has been involved for 30 years in building the required cavities and/or accelerator modules in time and budget. To enable industry to supply these high tech components, technology transfer was made from the laboratories in the following three regions: the Americas, Asia and Europe. As will be shown, the manufacture of the SRF cavities is normally accomplished in industry whereas the cavity testing and module assembly are not performed in industry in most cases, yet. The story of industrialization is so far a story of customized projects. Therefore a real SRF accelerator product is not yet available in this market. License agreements and technology transfer between leading SRF laboratories and industry is a powerful tool for enabling industry to manufacture SRF components or turnkey superconducting accelerator modules for other laboratories and users with few or no capabilities in SRF technology. Despite all this, the SRF accelerator market today is still a small market. The manufacture and preparation of the components require a range of specialized knowledge, as well as complex and expensive manufacturing installations like for high precision machining, electron beam welding, chemical surface preparation and class ISO4 clean room assembly. Today, the involved industry in the US and Europe comprises medium-sized companies. In Japan, some big enterprises are involved. So far, roughly 2500 SRF cavities have been built by or ordered from industry worldwide. Another substantial step might come from the International Linear Collider (ILC) project currently being designed by the international collaboration GDE ('global design effort'). If the ILC will be built, about 18,000 SRF cavities need to be manufactured worldwide within about five years. The industrialization of SRF accelerator technology is analyzed and reviewed in this article in view of the main accelerator projects of the last two to three decades.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of future linear $$\hbox {e}^+\hbox {e}^-$$ colliders to processes of dark matter production with light mediator exchange

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kalinowski ◽  
Wojciech Kotlarski ◽  
Krzysztof Mȩkała ◽  
Paweł Sopicki ◽  
Aleksander Filip Żarnecki
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Linear Collider ◽  
Production Cross ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
International Linear Collider ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Final State ◽  
State Radiation ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractAs any $$e^+e^-$$ e + e - scattering process can be accompanied by a hard photon emission from the initial state radiation, the analysis of the energy spectrum and angular distributions of those photons can be used to search for hard processes with an invisible final state. Thus high energy $$e^+e^-$$ e + e - colliders offer a unique possibility for the most general search of dark matter (DM) based on the mono-photon signature. We consider production of DM particles at the International Linear Collider (ILC) and Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) experiments via a light mediator exchange. Detector effects are taken into account within the Delphes fast simulation framework. Limits on the light DM production in a simplified model are set as a function of the mediator mass and width based on the expected two-dimensional distributions of the reconstructed mono-photon events. The experimental sensitivity is extracted in terms of the DM production cross section. Limits on the mediator couplings are then presented for a wide range of mediator masses and widths. For light mediators, for masses up to the centre-of-mass energy of the collider, coupling limits derived from the mono-photon analysis are more stringent than those expected from direct resonance searches in decay channels to SM particles.

Problems and Prospects of Development of Venture Capital Institutions in Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-103
Author(s):  
S. S. Glaziev
Keyword(s):  
Venture Capital ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Investment Environment ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
National Economies

The relevance of the topic of the article is directly due to the increased interest on the part of government agencies, business circles and the scientific and economic community to the problem of stimulating the processes of creation, replication and economic promotion of innovations, and ultimately-the growing objective need of the national economy in a favorable innovation environment. Venture capital plays a role in maintaining the flow of innovative products in the economies of a number of countries around the world. However, venture capital is still not a well — established phenomenon in most national economies, if we consider this phenomenon as a system that is essential for the search and introduction of new ideas and technologies into socio-economic life, and not as scattered precedents for financing young high-risk, but fast-growing and promising innovative companies. Based on these fundamental provisions, the author of the article, first, describes in detail the subject structure of this system, characterizes the interaction between special funds, start-up companies and their final investors-large high-tech industrial corporations, which in many cases forms the innovative mechanism of venture capital. Secondly, it examines the factors, the history of the formation of venture capital, shows its national specifics, place and functions in specific countries of the modern market-capitalist economy, including the United States, the EU states and Japan. Third, it assesses the Russian innovation and investment environment, the possible role in them and the prospects for the development of venture capital institutions in Russia.

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