scholarly journals Learning to Act Like a Lawyer: A Model Code of Professional Responsibility for Law Students

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
David M. Tanovich

Law students are the future of the legal profession. How well prepared are they when they leave law school to assume the professional and ethical obligations that they owe themselves, the profession and the public? This question has led to a growing interest in Canada in the teaching of legal ethics. It is also led to a greater emphasis on the development of clinical and experiential learning as exemplified in the scholarship and teaching of Professor Rose Voyvodic. Less attention, however, has been placed on identifying the general ethical responsibilities of law students when not working in a clinic or other legal context. This can be seen in the presence of very few Canadian articles exploring the issue, and more significantly, in the paucity of law school discipline policies or codes of conduct that set out the professional obligations owed by law students. This article develops an idea that Professor Voyvodic and I talked about on a number of occasions. It argues that all law schools should have a code of conduct which is separate and distinct from their general University code and which resembles, with appropriate modifications, the relevant set of rules of professional responsibility law students will be bound by when called to the Bar. A student code of conduct which educates law students about their professional obligations is an important step in deterring such conduct while in law school and preparing students for ethical practice. The idea of a law school code of professional responsibility raises a number of questions. Why is it necessary for law schools to have their own student code of conduct? The article provides a threefold response. First, law students are members of the legal profession and a code of conduct should reflect this. Second, it must be relevant and comprehensive in order to ensure that it can inspire students to be ethical lawyers. And, third, as a practical matter, the last few years have witnessed a number of incidents at law schools that raise serious issues about the professionalism of law students. They include, for example, the UofT marks scandal, the Windsor first year blog and the proliferation of blogs like www.lawstudents.ca and www.lawbuzz.ca with gratuitous, defamatory and offensive entries. It is not clear that all of this conduct would be caught by University codes of conduct which often limit their reach to on campus behaviour or University sanctioned events. What should a law school code of professional responsibility look like and what ethical responsibilities should it identify? For example, should there be a mandatory pro bono obligation on students or a duty to report misconduct. The last part of the article addresses this question by setting out a model code of professional responsibility for law students.Les étudiants et étudiantes en droit constituent l’avenir de la profession juridique. Comment bien préparés sont-ils lorsqu’ils quittent la faculté de droit pour assumer leurs obligations professionnelles et éthiques envers eux-mêmes, envers la profession et envers le public? Cette question a mené à un intérêt grandissant au Canada à l’enseignement de l’éthique juridique. Elle a aussi mené à plus d’emphase sur le développement de formation clinique et expérientielle tel que l’exemplifie le savoir et l’enseignement de la professeure Rose Voyvodic. Toutefois, moins d’attention a été consacrée à identifier les responsabilités éthiques générales d’étudiants et étudiantes en droit lorsqu’ils n’oeuvrent pas dans une clinique ou dans un autre contexte légal. Cela se voit dans les faits qu’il y a très peu d’articles canadiens qui portent sur la question, et, de plus grande importance, qu’il y a pénurie, au sein de facultés de droit, de politiques disciplinaires ou de codes déontologiques qui présentent les obligations professionnelles d’étudiants et étudiantes en droit. Cet article développe une idée que j’ai discuté avec la professeure Voyvodic à un nombre d’occasions. Il soutient que toutes les facultés de droit devraient avoir un code déontologique séparé et distinct du code général de leur université et qui ressemble, avec les modifications appropriées, à l’ensemble pertinent de règlements de responsabilité professionnelle que devront respecter les étudiants et étudiantes en droit lorsqu’ils seront reçus au barreau. Un code déontologique étudiant qui renseigne les étudiants et étudiantes au sujet de leurs obligations professionnelles est une étape importante pour dissuader une telle conduite pendant qu’ils sont à la faculté et pour les préparer en vue d’une pratique fondée sur l’éthique. Le concept d’un code de responsabilité professionnelle pour une faculté de droit soulève un nombre de questions. Pourquoi est-ce nécessaire que les facultés de droit aient leur propre code déontologique? L’article répond en trois temps. D’abord, les étudiants et étudiantes en droit font partie de la profession juridique et un code déontologique devrait refléter cela. Deuxièmement, il doit être pertinent et compréhensif afin d’assurer qu’il puisse inspirer les étudiants et étudiantes à être des avocats qui suivent les normes d’éthique. Et troisièmement, d’ordre pratique, au cours des quelques dernières années, on a été témoins d’un nombre d’incidents à des facultés de droit qui soulèvent des questions importantes en rapport avec le professionnalisme d’étudiants et d’étudiantes en droit. Ils incluent, par exemple, le scandale au sujet de notes à l’université de Toronto, les blogues de la première année à Windsor et la prolifération de blogues tels que www.lawstudents.ca et www. lawbuzz.ca contenant des commentaires injustifiés, diffamatoires et offensifs. Il n’est pas clair si tous ces comportements seraient captés par des codes déontologiques universitaires dont la portée se limite souvent au comportement sur campus ou aux événements sanctionnés par l’université. Quel aspect devrait présenter un code de responsabilité professionnelle pour une faculté de droit et quelles responsabilités éthiques devrait-il identifier? Par exemple, devrait-il y avoir une obligation pro bono impérative pour les étudiants et étudiantes ou le devoir de rapporter une mauvaise conduite. La dernière partie de l’article porte sur cette question en présentant un modèle de code de responsabilité professionnelle pour les étudiants et étudiantes en droit.

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Wesley Patton

<p>This article will analyze contemporary educational psychology in an attempt to: (1) determine whether a sandbox can and/or should be added to the law school curriculum; (2) describe a constructivist learning environment with the goal of providing law students self-selected pro bono publico projects that may help internalize a life-long goal of public service; and, provide an interdisciplinary model that is feasible both in the large university law schools and in small and/or free-standing law schools. The second half of the article will describe my attempts to build a sandbox model into my Legal Policy Clinic.</p>


2021 ◽  
pp. 096100062110367
Author(s):  
Siviwe Bangani ◽  
Michiel Moll

The study employed bibliometrics methods to analyse the scattering of 596 journals cited in legal master’s theses and doctoral dissertations in three South African law schools from 2014 to 2018. In addition, the study included an analysis of the extent of citation of different sources and examined the effect of use of non-legal journals by law students. It was found that students used 449.2 documents on average in writing a doctoral dissertation and 110.9 references per master’s thesis. Journals received more citations than any other document formats although 16 master’s theses were completed without citing a single journal. Generally, the journals cited in legal theses and dissertations conform to Bradford’s Law but they differ in their level of conformity by law school. There was a high degree of overlaps between Zone 1 journals in the three law schools. All journals in the core lists were available in all the law schools which was attributed to the strength of collections in these schools. The results support the application of bibliometric analyses to legal master’s theses and doctoral dissertations to make collection development decisions. In making those decisions, however, law librarians would have to look beyond the Zone 1 journals of their own institution for wider access. These results also serve as a caution to law librarians to look beyond the traditional law journals in de/selecting journals, as some of the non-legal journals in this study made it to the core list of cited periodicals. Furthermore, this study points to the strength of library collections in the top law school libraries in the country.


Author(s):  
Sher Campbell ◽  
Katherine Lindsay

In recent years, the Australian legal profession, government policymakers and the nation’s law schools have evinced concern about the future of legal practice beyond metropolitan areas. The issues and suggested responses have been debated in various fora amongst the stakeholders. This paper explores the way in which one regional law schoolwith a distinctive approach to legal education has responded to these issues from an educational and pastoral perspective. Newcastle Law School established its Lawyers of the Future program in 2009. Lawyers of the Future is a multi-faceted initiative, which promotes professional partnerships with the secondary education sector through the Schools’ Visit program, and partnerships with rural and regional professionals through active connections in those areas. The third phase of the Lawyers of the Future program will be the development of rural and regional legal placement sites for senior law students enrolled in Newcastle’s Professional program.Whilst the Lawyers of the Future program has three distinctive and interrelated elements and objectives, it is the placement program that provides the lynchpin. Such a placement program, which is innovative in itself, has a greater educational purpose: the experience of practice in rural and regional areas, together with the process of subsequent engaged and critical reflection, will contribute meaningfully to the development of students’ professional personae in ways which will support an ethos of professional service beyond the narrow confines of practice in the metropolis for the legal conglomerates. 


1985 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-163
Author(s):  
Richard B. Lillich ◽  
Hurst Hannum

While many law schools now offer separate courses or seminars on international human rights law, the number of students exposed to such specialized study remains relatively small. Human rights law is relevant to many other segments of the law school curriculum—in particular, to courses on constitutional law and individual rights—although little scholarly attention has been devoted to date to integrating appropriate human rights issues into the “bread and butter” courses that all law students take. To begin to address this lacuna, the Procedural Aspects of International Law (PAIL) Institute has undertaken to develop a human rights component or module designed to supplement leading constitutional law course books and present methods of teaching constitutional law.


Author(s):  
Naureen Akhtar ◽  
Atia Madni ◽  
Rais Nouman Ahmed

Purpose: This research paper aims to study the standing of learning of Islamic Law in contemporary universities. The present study highlights the significance of Islamic Law learning to the legal practitioners (Bar) and legal academicians in general and to the judges (Bench) in particular. This paper endeavors to conduct a case study of learning of Islamic law in contemporary universities in Muslim and Non-Muslim jurisdictions. Methodology: For the purpose of this research paper, two universities have been selected where departments of Islamic law learning are established, i.e., Faculty of Sharīʻah & Law of International Islamic University, Islamabad and Harvard Islamic Legal Studies Program of Harvard law School. This study explores that how far the above-mentioned institutions in various jurisdictions have been successful in imparting Islamic Law education among their law students. It follows discussion on the relevancy of Islamic law learning and its understanding in the solution of contemporary issues of the modern world. Findings: This paper finds that Islamic law, being based on divine guidance, is the complete code of conduct and therefore, provides guidelines to discover and find out the solutions of all issues of modern world to Bar, academicians and Bench.                                                           


Author(s):  
Trish Karen Mundy

This paper discusses the partial findings from a research study involving a narrative analysis of in-depth interviews with twelve final year law students. The research explored student attitudes to, and perceptions of, legal practice in rural, regional and remote (RRR) communities – that is, their ’imagined experience’. The research findings suggests that, at least in the context of the non-regional law school, the rural/regional is both absent and ‘other’, revealing the ‘urban-centric’ nature of legal education and its failure to adequately expose students to rural and regional practice contexts that can help to positively shape their ‘imagined’ experience. This paper argues that all law schools must take up the challenge of rural inclusiveness by integrating a sense of ‘place-consciousness’ into the law curriculum.


2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-578
Author(s):  
Bruce A. Kimball

Between 1915 and 1925, Harvard University conducted the first national public fund-raising campaign in higher education in the United States. At the same time, Harvard Law School attempted the first such effort in legal education. The law school organized its effort independently, in conjunction with its centennial in 1917. The university campaign succeeded magnificently by all accounts; the law school failed miserably. Though perfectly positioned for this new venture, Harvard Law School raised scarcely a quarter of its goal from merely 2 percent of its alumni. This essay presents the first account of this campaign and argues that its failure was rooted in longstanding cultural and professional objections that many of the school's alumni shared: law students and law schools neither need nor deserve benefactions, and such gifts worsen the overcrowding of the bar. Due to these objections, lethargy, apathy, and pessimism suffused the campaign. These factors weakened the leadership of the alumni association, the dean, and the president, leading to inept management, wasted time, and an unlikely strategy that was pursued ineffectively. All this doomed the campaign, particularly given the tragic interruptions of the dean's suicide and World War I, along with competition from the well-run campaigns for the University and for disaster relief due to the war.


1937 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-273
Author(s):  
William Warren Sweet

Professional Schools in the United States, whether of medicine, law, engineering, or theology, are of relatively recent orgin. It is a matter of interest that the ministry was the first profession in America for which a technical and standardized training was provided. While the first law school in America was founded in the same year as the oldest theological seminary (1784), the courses were loosely organized and there was no definitely prescribed amount of work required of graduation and no academic requirement for the practice of law. In all the institutions where there were law departments or law schools, even as late as the middle of the last century, the law students were considered as distinctly inferior to the regular college students.


2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Paul McKeown

<p>In England and Wales, there is an increasing need for the provision of pro bono legal services.  Law students may be a resource that can help fill the access to justice gap, whilst at university and onwards in their future careers.  Whilst some students are intrinsically motivated towards altruistic behaviour, many are not.  This article will consider what motivates students to undertake pro bono work whilst at law school.</p><p>The article will explore the range of intrinsic and extrinsic motivating factors for student participation in pro bono programmes and consider how students can be encouraged to engage in such activities.  The article will also consider whether exposure to pro bono experience can instil a public service ethos in students.</p>In conclusion, the article will highlight experience as an influential factor in encouraging initial participation in pro bono work but also instilling a willingness to undertake pro bono work in the future.


1979 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald M. Pipkin

Legal ethics has recently become the focus of professional and public concern. One aspect of that concern has to do with the education and socialization of law students in professional responsibility. This study, using data from a sample of law students in diverse school settings, examines the influence of prevailing learning norms in legal education on student responses to courses in professional responsibility. The author also reviews the bases of ambiguous sentiments about the role of education in professional ethics and concludes with a discussion of the difficulties and dilemmas involved in attempts to alter the established mode of instruction.


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