scholarly journals Real Time Dynamics and Confinement in the Zn Schwinger-Weyl lattice model for 1+1 QED

Quantum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Magnifico ◽  
Marcello Dalmonte ◽  
Paolo Facchi ◽  
Saverio Pascazio ◽  
Francesco V. Pepe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
System Dynamics ◽  
Pair Production ◽  
External Electric Field ◽  
Lattice Model ◽  
Quantum Electrodynamics ◽  
Time Dynamics ◽  
Schwinger Model ◽  
Breaking Mechanism ◽  
The Stability

We study the out-of-equilibrium properties of 1+1 dimensional quantum electrodynamics (QED), discretized via the staggered-fermion Schwinger model with an Abelian Zn gauge group. We look at two relevant phenomena: first, we analyze the stability of the Dirac vacuum with respect to particle/antiparticle pair production, both spontaneous and induced by an external electric field; then, we examine the string breaking mechanism. We observe a strong effect of confinement, which acts by suppressing both spontaneous pair production and string breaking into quark/antiquark pairs, indicating that the system dynamics displays a number of out-of-equilibrium features.

Directionality and the Role of Polarization in Electric Field Effects on Radical Stability

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganna Gryn'ova ◽  
Michelle L. Coote
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
External Electric Field ◽  
Radical Reactions ◽  
Electric Field Effects ◽  
Dissociation Energies ◽  
Barrier Heights ◽  
Diol Dehydratase ◽  
Group A ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
The Stability

Accurate quantum-chemical calculations are used to analyze the effects of charges on the kinetics and thermodynamics of radical reactions, with specific attention given to the origin and directionality of the effects. Conventionally, large effects of the charges are expected to occur in systems with pronounced charge-separated resonance contributors. The nature (stabilization or destabilization) and magnitude of these effects thus depend on the orientation of the interacting multipoles. However, we show that a significant component of the stabilizing effects of the external electric field is largely independent of the orientation of external electric field (e.g. a charged functional group, a point charge, or an electrode) and occurs even in the absence of any pre-existing charge separation. This effect arises from polarization of the electron density of the molecule induced by the electric field. This polarization effect is greater for highly delocalized species such as resonance-stabilized radicals and transition states of radical reactions. We show that this effect on the stability of such species is preserved in chemical reaction energies, leading to lower bond-dissociation energies and barrier heights. Finally, our simplified modelling of the diol dehydratase-catalyzed 1,2-hydroxyl shift indicates that such stabilizing polarization is likely to contribute to the catalytic activity of enzymes.

THE SEARCH FOR THE SCHWINGER EFFECT: NONPERTURBATIVE VACUUM PAIR PRODUCTION

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2373-2381 ◽  
Author(s):  
GERALD V. DUNNE
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Pair Production ◽  
External Electric Field ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Electron Positron ◽  
Relativistic Regime ◽  
Schwinger Effect ◽  
Intensity Regime

The Schwinger effect is the non-perturbative production of electron-positron pairs when an external electric field is applied to the quantum electrodynamical (QED) vacuum. The inherent instability of the vacuum in an electric field was one of the first non-trivial predictions of QED, but the effect is so weak that it has not yet been directly observed. However, there are exciting new developments in ultra-high intensity lasers, which may bring us to the verge of this extreme ultra-relativistic regime. This necessitates a fresh look at both experimental and theoretical aspects of the Schwinger effect. I describe some new theoretical ideas aimed at making this elusive effect observable, by careful shaping of the laser pulses, much as is done [in a different intensity regime] in the fast-developing field of atto-science.

scholarly journals Holographic Description of Noncommutative Schwinger Effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Udit Narayan Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Pair Production ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
External Electric Field ◽  
Deformation Parameter ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
First Order ◽  
Schwinger Effect ◽  
Holographic Description

We consider the phenomenon of spontaneous pair production in the presence of an external electric field for noncommutative Yang-Mills theories. Using Maldacena’s holographic conjecture, the threshold electric field for pair production is computed from the quark/antiquark potential for noncommutative theories. As an effect of noncommutativity, the threshold electric field is seen to be smaller than its commutative counterpart. We also estimate the correction to the production rate of quark/antiquark pairs to the first order of the noncommutative deformation parameter. Our result bears resemblance with an earlier related work (based on field-theoretic methods).

The stability of two layer dielectric-electrolyte micro-flow subjected to an external electric field

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (9) ◽  
pp. 092003 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Demekhin ◽  
G. S. Ganchenko ◽  
A. Navarkar ◽  
S. Amiroudine
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
External Electric Field ◽  
Micro Flow ◽  
The Stability

scholarly journals Holographic Schwinger Effect in a Confining D3-Brane Background with Chemical Potential

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Zi-qiang Zhang ◽  
De-fu Hou ◽  
Yan Wu ◽  
Gang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Pair Production ◽  
Numerical Method ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
External Electric Field ◽  
Critical Field ◽  
Test Particle ◽  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Particle Pair ◽  
Schwinger Effect

Using the AdS/CFT correspondence, we investigate the Schwinger effect in a confining D3-brane background with chemical potential. The potential between a test particle pair on the D3-brane in an external electric field is obtained. The critical fieldEcin this case is calculated. Also, we apply numerical method to evaluate the production rate for various cases. The results imply that the presence of chemical potential tends to suppress the pair production effect.

scholarly journals Fermion production by a dependent of time electric field in de Sitter universe

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (36) ◽  
pp. 1750208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela-Andreea Băloi ◽  
Cosmin Crucean
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Pair Production ◽  
External Electric Field ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Total Probability ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Expansion Factor ◽  
Gravitational Fields ◽  
De Sitter Universe ◽  
Strong Gravitational Fields

Fermion production in external electric field on de Sitter expanding universe is analyzed. The amplitude and probability of pair production are computed. We obtain from our calculations that the modulus of the momentum is no longer conserved. The rate of pair production in an electric field is found to be important in the early universe when the expansion factor was large comparatively with the particle mass. A computation of the total probability is presented in a particular case and the result proves to be nonvanishing only in strong gravitational fields.

An AlAs/germanene heterostructure with tunable electronic and optical properties via external electric field and strain

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (35) ◽  
pp. 8171-8178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunjian Tan ◽  
Qun Yang ◽  
Ruishen Meng ◽  
Qiuhua Liang ◽  
Junke Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
External Electric Field ◽  
First Principles ◽  
First Principles Calculations ◽  
Electronic And Optical Properties ◽  
The Stability

By means of comprehensive first-principles calculations, we investigate the stability, electronic and optical properties of an AlAs/germanene heterostructure.

scholarly journals Breit-Wheeler pair production from Worldline Instantons

2018 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 02019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Satunin
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Pair Production ◽  
External Electric Field ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Semiclassical Method ◽  
The Cross

We calculate the cross-section of Breit-Wheeler process γγ → e+e- in external electric field below the perturbative threshold by the semiclassical method of worldline instantons.

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