scholarly journals PENGUJIAN EFEKTIVITAS CAPSICUM SEBAGAI SUMBER CAPSAICIN KO-ANESTESI PADA ANESTESI LOKAL

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Aldian Mulyanto Lokaria ◽  
Muhammad Ridwan ◽  
Muhamad Febry ◽  
Fadil Oenzil
Keyword(s):  
Local Anesthesia ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Motor Effects

AbstrakAnestesi lokal bekerja dengan memblok sel saraf sensorik rasa sakit (nosiseptor) dan sel saraf lain, sehingga diperlukan Capsaicin pada cabai sebagai ko-anestesi agar obat anestesi lokal bekerja spesifik pada nosiseptor. Beragam varietas cabai menuntut adanya penelitian untuk mengetahui jenis cabai yang tepat sebagai sumber Capsaicin ko-anestesi, hubungan dengan peningkaan kadar Capsaicin, dan pengaruh terhadap waktu kerja obat anestesi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan desain pre and post test design. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Biota Sumatera Universitas Andalas dan di Laboratorium Hewan Fakultas Kedokteran Unand selama 3 bulan. Sampel penelitian ini adalah tikus (Rattus novergicus) jantan dari galur Sprague Dawley dengan berat 250-350 gram, sebanyak 24 ekor dibagi 8 kelompok. Tiap kelompok mendapatkan perlakuan berupa pemberian Capsaicin dari jenis cabai dengan kadar yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian terdapat perbedaan waktu munculnya efek sensorik (p 0,020) dan motorik (p 0,001) antar kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok C.frutescens 5% tercepat dalam menghentikan bloking saraf motorik (3,33 menit), sedangkan kelompok C.frutescens 10% terbaik dalam mempengaruhi lama bloking saraf sensorik (53,67 menit). Dimana peningkatan kadar berbanding lurus dengan hasil anestesi dan jenis cabai dengan kadar yang berbeda juga mempengaruhi lama waktu kerja obat anestesi.Abstract Local anesthesia works by blocking pain sensory nerve cells (nociceptors) and other nerve cells, it's need capsaicin in chili as co-anesthesia so that local anesthesia specific work on nociceptors only. The diversity of chili, demand more research to determine the most appropriate type of chili as a source of capsaicin co-anesthesia. This is a pre and post test design experimental research. Which each groups is given of Capsaicin from different chili types and concentration. There are difference time in emergence of sensory effects (p 0.020) and motor effects (p 0.001) between groups. Group of C.frutescens 5% is the fastest group in stopping of the motor nerve blocking (3.33 minutes), while group of C.frutescens 10% is best group in influencing long-blocking sensory nerves (53.67 minutes). Thus the increased concentration is linear correlation to the results of anesthesia and the types of chili with different concentration affect the work time of anesthesia.

Very Early Neurophysiological Study in Guillain-Barre Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaoting Jin ◽  
Fangfang Hu ◽  
Xing Qin ◽  
Xuan Liu ◽  
Min Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Conduction ◽  
Nerve Conduction Velocity ◽  
Tibial Nerve ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Motor Nerve Conduction ◽  
Abnormal Rate ◽  
Motor Nerves

Purpose: The diagnosis of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) in the very early stage may be challenging. Our aim was to report the neurophysiological abnormalities in GBS within 4 days of clinical onset. We expected that GBS will be diagnosed by the assistance of neurophysiological study in the very early stage. Methods: We prospectively recruited patients with a diagnosis of GBS discharged from First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University and Xi Jing Hospital. Patients were classified into 3 groups according to the onset of symptoms to electromyography examination interval (OEI). The neurophysiological findings were carried out using standard procedures. All patients were examined by the same experienced neurophysiologist. Results: There were not significant group differences in abnormal rate, distal motor latency (DML), motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), F response (FR), compound muscle action potential (CMAP), conduction block (CB), sensory nerve action potential (SNAP), and sensory nerve conduction velocity among OEI ≤4 days, 4< OEI ≤10 days, and OEI > 10 days groups. Motor nerves were more affected than sensory nerves in neurophysiological presentation in very early stage patients. The difference of motor nerves and sensory nerves was statistically significant in lower limbs, but was not in upper limbs. In motor nerve conduction studies, the abnormal rate of DML, MNCV, FR, CB was more common seen in ulnar and peroneal nerve than median and tibial nerve, the abnormal rate of CMAP was the same in ulnar, median, peroneal and tibial nerve. In sensory nerve conduction studies, the abnormal rate of ulnar nerve and median nerve was higher than the superficial peroneal nerve and sural nerve. The OEI was not correlated with the SNAP decrease rate of median (r = 0.10, p = 0.23) and ulnar (r = 0.26, p = 0.06) but was statistically correlated with sural SNAP decrease rate (r = 0.29, p = 0.04). The sural-sparing pattern phenomenon was the most commonly discovered phenomenon in very early stage patients (OEI ≤4 days), followed by patients with 4< OEI ≤10 days, ultimately found in patients with OEI > 10 days. Conclusions: We suggest performing neurophysiological examination as soon as possible for suspected GBS patients, particularly focusing on multi-spots inspection of ulnar and peroneal nerves, and paying close attention to sural-sparing patterns.

scholarly journals TrkA inhibitor promotes motor functional regeneration of recurrent laryngeal nerve by suppression of sensory nerve regeneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Suzuki ◽  
Koji Araki ◽  
Toshiyasu Matsui ◽  
Yuya Tanaka ◽  
Kosuke Uno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Compound Muscle Action Potential ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Nucleus Ambiguus ◽  
Functional Regeneration

Abstract Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury, in which hoarseness and dysphagia arise as a result of impaired vocal fold movement, is a serious complication. Misdirected regeneration is an issue for functional regeneration. In this study, we demonstrated the effect of TrkA inhibitors, which blocks the NGF-TrkA pathway that acts on the sensory/automatic nerves thus preventing misdirected regeneration among motor and sensory nerves, and thereby promoting the regeneration of motor neurons to achieve functional recovery. RLN axotomy rat models were used in this study, in which cut ends of the nerve were bridged with polyglycolic acid-collagen tube with and without TrkA inhibitor (TrkAi) infiltration. Our study revealed significant improvement in motor nerve fiber regeneration and function, in assessment of vocal fold movement, myelinated nerve regeneration, compound muscle action potential, and prevention of laryngeal muscle atrophy. Retrograde labeling demonstrated fewer labeled neurons in the vagus ganglion, which confirmed reduced misdirected regeneration among motor and sensory fibers, and a change in distribution of the labeled neurons in the nucleus ambiguus. Our study demonstrated that TrkAi have a strong potential for clinical application in the treatment of RLN injury.

scholarly journals Application of Microspectral Imaging in Motor and Sensory Nerve Classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Du Xu
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Correction Algorithm ◽  
Fast Speed ◽  
Motor Nerves ◽  
Better Than

Objective. It aimed to explore the application of the microscopic hyperspectral technique in motor and sensory nerve classification. Methods. The self-developed microscopic hyperspectral acquisition system was applied to collect the data of anterior and posterior spinal cord sections of white rabbits. The joint correction algorithm was employed to preprocess the collected data, such as noise reduction. On the basis of pure linear light source index, a new pixel purification algorithm based on cross contrast was proposed to extract more regions of interest, which was used for feature extraction of motor and sensory nerves. Besides, the ML algorithm was employed to classify motor and sensory nerves based on feature extraction results. Results. The joint correction algorithm was adopted to preprocess the data collected by the microscopic hyperspectral technique, so as to eliminate the influence of the incident light source and the system and improve the classification accuracy. The axon and myelin spectrum curves of the two kinds of nerves in the stained specimens had the same trend, but the values of all kinds of spectrum of sensory nerves were higher than those of motor nerves. However, the myelin sheath spectrum curves of motor nerves in the unstained specimens were greatly different from the curves of sensory nerves. The axon spectrum curves had the same trend, but the axon spectrum values of sensory nerves were higher than those of motor nerves. The ML algorithm had high accuracy and fast speed in motor and sensory nerve classification, and the classification effect of stained specimens was better than that of unstained specimens. Conclusion. The microscopic hyperspectral technique had high feasibility in sensory and motor nerve classification and was worthy of further research and promotion.

Sensory nerve- and neuropeptide-mediated relaxation responses in airways of Sprague-Dawley rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 1679-1687 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Szarek ◽  
N. L. Stewart ◽  
B. Spurlock ◽  
C. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Electrical Field Stimulation ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Adrenergic Blockade ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Relaxation Responses

We examined the role of sensory nerves in mediating nonadrenergic inhibitory responses in airway segments isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats. In the presence of adrenergic blockade, capsaicin (Cap; 1 microM) elicited marked relaxation responses in isolated bronchi precontracted with bethanechol (Beth). Cap-induced inhibitory responses were unaffected by tetrodotoxin (TTX), were attenuated by incubation of the airway with indomethacin (Indo), phosphoramidon, or RP-67580, but were abolished by previous exposure of the airway to Cap and by denuding the epithelium. Substance P (SP; 1 microM), neurokinins A and B (1 microM), and calcitonin gene-related peptide (0.1 microM) relaxed Beth-contracted airway segments to a similar extent. The SP-induced responses were unaffected by adrenergic blockade or by pretreatment with either TTX, phosphoramidon, or Cap, but were attenuated by RP-67580 and abolished by Indo and by denuding the epithelium. In anesthetized mechanically ventilated rats, Cap (50 and 100 micrograms/kg i.v.) elicited a dose-dependent reversal of the increase in lung resistance induced by an infusion of Beth. The Cap-induced bronchodilation was unaffected by pretreatment with propranolol alone or in combination with hexamethonium. SP (44 nmol/kg iv) also evoked bronchodilatory responses in intact animals, which were unaffected by propranolol and hexamethonium but were abolished by treatment of the animals with Indo. Electrical-field stimulation (EFS) evoked nonadrenergic noncholinergic relaxation responses in contracted airway segments. These EFS-induced inhibitory responses were markedly attenuated by treatment of the airway segment with TTX, Cap, or RP-67580. We conclude that neuropeptides released from Cap-sensitive sensory nerves have potent inhibitory effects in rat airways that are mediated, in part, by activation of neurokonin NK1 receptors on epithelium and subsequent release of an inhibitory prostaglandin(s).

scholarly journals Effect of Ranirestat on Sensory and Motor Nerve Function in Japanese Patients with Diabetic Polyneuropathy: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Satoh ◽  
Nobuo Kohara ◽  
Kenji Sekiguchi ◽  
Yasuyuki Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Diabetic Polyneuropathy ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Safety Parameters ◽  
Clinically Significant

We conducted a 26-week oral-administration study of ranirestat (an aldose reductase inhibitor) at a once-daily dose of 20 mg to evaluate its efficacy and safety in Japanese patients with diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN). The primary endpoint was summed change in sensory nerve conduction velocity (NCV) for the bilateral sural and proximal median sensory nerves. The sensory NCV was significantly (P=0.006) improved by ranirestat. On clinical symptoms evaluated with the use of modified Toronto Clinical Neuropathy Score (mTCNS), obvious efficacy was not found in total score. However, improvement in the sensory test domain of the mTCNS was significant (P=0.037) in a subgroup of patients diagnosed with neuropathy according to the TCNS severity classification. No clinically significant effects on safety parameters including hepatic and renal functions were observed. Our results indicate that ranirestat is effective on DPN (JapicCTI-121994).

Comprehensive Glabellar Anatomy for the Cosmetic Surgeon

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cat N. Burkat ◽  
Mark J. Lucarelli ◽  
Bradley N. Lemke
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Motor Nerve ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Vascular Supply ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Small Artery ◽  
Main Trunk ◽  
Corrugator Supercilii ◽  
Fresh Frozen ◽  
Corrugator Supercilii Muscle

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to clarify controversies in motor innervation to the glabellar muscles in order to create a comprehensive guide of anatomic relationships within the glabella for the cosmetic surgeon performing surgery or injections in this aesthetic region. Methods: Microdissection was performed on 28 sides of 14 preserved cadaver heads and 10 sides of 5 fresh-frozen cadaver heads. Dissection proceeded anterograde from the main trunk of the facial nerve to its terminal branches in the glabellar muscles. Measurements were made with calipers to record the locations of the motor nerve entry into the corresponding muscle and the locations of the sensory nerves, vessels, and orbital landmarks. Results: The temporal branch of the facial nerve did not terminate after supplying the posterolateral transverse corrugator muscle but continued medially to innervate the oblique head of the corrugator muscle, entering 4 mm inferior to the superior edge (range 2–6.5 mm). This pattern was identified in 26 of 38 dissections (68.4%). In 74% of specimens, a small artery coursed with the nerve toward the corrugator muscle that should be anticipated to avoid bleeding. In 4 specimens (10.5%), the temporal facial nerve supplied a branch to the depressor supercilii, which continued to enter the posterior surface of the procerus muscle. In the remaining specimens, the small terminal branches were lost after entering the oblique corrugator muscle. The supratrochlear nerve exited between, rather than lateral to, the 2 heads of the corrugator supercilii muscle near the muscle origin before dividing into 2–3 branches and measured 17 mm from midline. A sensory branch entered the procerus muscle 5 mm inferior to the motor nerve entering the muscle. The supraorbital notch and foramen was 26 mm from midline. Prominent angular vessels were located between the heads of the corrugator supercilii muscle and between the heads of the depressor supercilii muscle. Conclusions: With a thorough understanding of the anatomic relationships of the muscles to their associated innervation and vascular supply, complications such as prolonged paresthesia or dysesthesia from sensory nerve injury, eyebrow asymmetry from motor nerve damage, traumatic neuromas, and visual loss from vascular emboli from cosmetic injections may be avoided.

scholarly journals Substance P and capsaicin release prostaglandin E2 from rat intrapulmonary bronchi

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (5) ◽  
pp. L1006-L1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Szarek ◽  
Beverly Spurlock ◽  
Carl A. Gruetter ◽  
Sally Lemke
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Smooth Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Inhibitory System ◽  
Protective System

We hypothesized that substance P and capsaicin would cause the release of prostaglandin E2(PGE2) from intrapulmonary bronchi isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats. Substance P (1 μM) caused the release of PGE2, measured with enzyme immunoassay, from the isolated airway segments; PGE2 release was inhibited by the neurokinin (NK)1-receptor antagonist, RP-67580, by inhibition of cyclooxygenase with meclofenamate, and by removal of the epithelium. The release of PGE2 caused by capsaicin (1 μM) was similar in magnitude to that caused by substance P. The capsaicin-induced release of PGE2was inhibited by desensitization of sensory nerves with capsaicin and by RP-67580, meclofenamate, and epithelial denudation. We conclude that activation of NK1 receptors on epithelium causes release of PGE2, which most likely represents the ultimate mediator of airway smooth muscle relaxation, produced by exogenous neuropeptides and by activation of the sensory nerve inhibitory system. Epithelial damage, such as that seen in asthmatic airways, would disrupt this protective system in the lungs, which could contribute to the development of airway disease.

scholarly journals Pengaruh pemberian jus mangga terhadap profil lipid dan malondialdehyde pada tikus yang diberi minyak jelantah

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
Ibnu Zaki ◽  
Andrew Johan ◽  
Nyoman Suci W
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Post Test

Latar belakang : Pemberian minyak jelantah menyebabkan peningkatan profil lipid (kolesterol total, trigliserida, kolesterol LDL) dan Malondialdehyde(MDA) darah serta menurunkan kolesterol HDL. Jus mangga mengandung serat, vitamin C, E dan betakaroten yang berpotensi memperbaiki profil lipid dan menurunkan MDA.Tujuan :menganalisis pengaruh jus mangga terhadap profil lipid dan MDA tikus yang diberi minyak jelantah.Metode : Penelitian eksperimental dengan randomized controlled pre-post test design. Tikus Sprague Dawley di bagi acak menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu kelompok K diberi Aquades, kelompok P1 diberi minyak jelantah, dan kelompok P2 diberi minyak jelantah, jus mangga). Pemberian jus mangga diberikan 1x/hari peroral selama 14 hari. Kolesterol total, LDL, HDL diukur dengan metoda CHOD-PAP. Kadar Trigliserida diukur dengan metoda GPO-PAP. Analisis kadar MDA darah dengan metoda TBARS.Hasil : Terjadi peningkatan kolesterol total, trigliserida, LDL dan MDA serta penururnan HDLdarah setelah pemberian minyak jelantah. Pemberian jus mangga secara bermakna menurunkan kolesterol total, trigliserida, LDL dan MDA darah serta meningkatkan HDL. Rerata perubahan setelah pemberian jus mangga pada P2 kolesterol total -72,90±9,33 mg/dl,trigliserida -39,29±8,13 mg/dl, LDL -8,71±3,05mg/dldan MDA -4,25±0,52. Rerata Peningkatan HDL 13,70±4,16 mg/dl.Simpulan : Pemberian jus mangga menurunkan kolesterol total, trigliserida, LDL, MDA dan meningkatkan HDL.

Antagonism of cholinergic nerve-mediated contractions by the sensory nerve inhibitory system in rat bronchi

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 260-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Szarek ◽  
B. Spurlock
Keyword(s):  
Substance P ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Electrical Field Stimulation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Inhibitory System ◽  
Tension Development ◽  
Contractile Responses

The purpose of this study was to examine the potential functional significance of the sensory nerve inhibitory system in modulating contraction. Tension development in response to electrical field stimulation (EFS) and exogenous acetylcholine was monitored in segments of intrapulmonary bronchi isolated from male Sprague-Dawley rats. Contractile responses to EFS were enhanced by desensitization of sensory nerves with capsaicin, by antagonizing neurokinin NK1 receptors with RP-67580, and by inhibition of cyclooxygenase with meclofenamate. Except for RP-67580, which had a slight inhibitory effect on acetylcholine-induced contractions, these interventions were without effect on contraction to acetylcholine. Incubation of capsaicin-desensitized airway segments with substance P attenuated contractions evoked by a half-maximal frequency of EFS by approximately 92%, whereas contractions elicited by a half-maximal concentration of acetylcholine were not affected. Contractile responses elicited by a lower concentration of acetylcholine were inhibited by approximately 50% by substance P. The inhibitory effect of substance P was blocked by RP-67580, meclofenamate, and epithelial denudation. We conclude that the sensory nerve inhibitory system modulates cholinergic contractions and thus plays a role in the regulation of airway smooth muscle tone.

PENYULUHAN GIZI, ASUPAN GIZI DAN PEMBERIAN TABLET TAMBAH DARAH TERHADAP KADAR HEMOGLOBIN (Hb) IBU HAMIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Abdullah Tamrin ◽  
Hikmawati Masud ◽  
Indah Suci Ramadani
Keyword(s):  
Test Design ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Post Test

ABSTRAK Berbagai masalah gizi diderita oleh sebagian besar masyarakat Indonesia dan salah satu masalah gizi utama adalah anemia gizi besi. Salah satu upaya untuk memperbaiki pola konsumsi pangan dan pola kebiasaan yang bertujuan untuk menanggulangi anemia dikalangan masyarakat terutama ibu hamil dengan melalui peningkatan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku seseorang dengan penyuluhan gizi dan mengonsumsi tablet tambah darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh penyuluhan gizi, asupan gizi dan pemberian tablet tambah darah terhadap kadar hemoglobin ibu hamil di Puskesmas Paccerakkang Kota Makassar. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan rancangan one-group pre-test and post-test design. Data diperoleh dari hasil Pre test dan Post test menggunakan kuesioner, pengambilan Hb, recall 24 jam dan data tablet tambah darah yang di konsumsi. Kadar hemoglobin ibu hamil pada awalnya anemia (100%) dan pada akhir terdapat sebanyak 8 orang (53,33%). Hasil pre dan post test ibu hamil yang memiliki criteria baik sebelum mendapatkan penyuluhan gizi sebanyak 2 orang (13,33 %) dan setelah mendapatkan penyuluhan gizi sebanyak 4  orang (26,67%). Asupan gizi (energi) ibu hamil yang memiliki criteria asupan baik di awal sebanyak 1  orang (6,67 %) dan di akhir sebanyak 9  orang (60%). Asupan gizi (protein) baik di awal sebanyak 3 orang (20 %) dan di akhir sebanyak 4  orang (26,67%). Pada umumnya asupan Fe di awal dan di akhir dari 15 ibu hamil 100% tergolong kurang. Ibu hamil yang mengkonsumsi tablet tambah darah dengan baik sebanyak 6 orang (40%). Disarankan ibu hamil turut berpartisipasi setiap pemeriksaan rutin yang diadakan oleh Puskesmas guna mencegah terjadinya masalah gizi.

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