scholarly journals International legal, technical and financial challenges for implementing the concept of space traffic management

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 700-713
Author(s):  
Aslan Kh. Abashidze ◽  
Alexander M. Solntsev ◽  
Siavash Mirzaee ◽  
Mahdi Davarzani
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Potential Space ◽  
High Interest ◽  
Agenda Item ◽  
New Space ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Space Activities

Focuses on the concept of Space Traffic Management (STM), the matter which has been of high interest for many space actors in the last three decades. With the emergence of the NewSpace era, and flourishment of commercial and economic incentives for space activities, this topic has gained the attention of many space actors in the preceding decades, thus turning into a separate agenda item in the Legal Subcommittee of the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space. However, establishing and implementing such regulations is a challenging task, especially for new space actors. This article aims to assess the existing challenges of STM and provide solutions to overcome them. Firstly, this article provides the necessity of establishing such a regulation: it is evaluated and discussed while describing the requirements for achieving this goal. Secondly, the paper studies definitions provided by governmental and non-governmental entities regarding this concept and the measures taken towards its realising. Finally, the research discusses the challenges that space actors face regarding implementing this concept, both legal and practical. In conclusion, the authors highlight the importance of promoting endeavours and coordination among all current and potential space actors with due considerations for their relevancy.

The Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects

1973 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 137-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Foster
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Space Objects ◽  
Draft Convention ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
International Liability ◽  
Space Activities

On September 10, 1971, the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space adopted and decided to submit to the General Assembly for consideration and final adoption a draft Convention on International Liability for Damage caused by Space Objects. Approval of the Convention was recommended by the First Committee of the General Assembly on November 11, 1971; and on November 29, 1971 it was endorsed by the General Assembly. The Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects marks the culmination of a decade of debate and negotiation of the problem of liability for damage arising from outer space activities.

scholarly journals The Urgency of Guidelines for the Long-term Sustainability of Outer Space Activities for Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Yunita Permatasari
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
National Security ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
National Importance ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Space Activities ◽  
Space Security

The rapid increase in the use and exploration of outer space raises concerns about its sustainability in a sustainable manner. Countries seek multilateral solutions through the guidelines for the long-term sustainability of outer space activities (LTSOSA) which was adopted in June 2019 in the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UNCOPUOS) forum. Indonesia as a country that organizes the use and exploration of outer space has an interest in ensuring the security of the implementation of outer space in a sustainable manner. Thus, it is necessary for the mapping of Indonesia’s interest in implementing the LTSOSA guidelines. The interest mapping will illustrate the urgency of the LTSOSA guidelines for Indonesia's national security particularly outer space security. The analysis shows that the LTSOSA guidelines contain items related to outer space security which are of vital national importance to Indonesia. This article is expected to become input for Indonesia's attitude and position towards the implementation of the LTSOSA guidelines.Keywords: Indonesia, long term sustainability of outer space activities, outer space security Penggunaan dan eksplorasi antariksa yang semakin pesat menimbulkan kekhawatiran terhadap kelestariannya secara berkelanjutan. Negara-negara mencari solusi secara multilateral melalui pedoman kegiatan antariksa berkelanjutan jangka panjang atau dikenal guidelines for the long-term sustainability of outer outer space activities (LTSOSA) yang disahkan pada Juni 2019 dalam forum United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Outer space (UNCOPUOS). Indonesia sebagai negara yang menyelenggarakan penggunaan dan eksplorasi antariksa berkepentingan untuk menjamin keamanan penyelenggaraan keantariksaannya secara berkelanjutan. Dengan demikian, perlu adanya pemetaan kepentingan Indonesia dalam mengimplementasikan guidelines LTSOSA. Pemetaan kepentingan akan menggambarkan mengenai urgensi guidelines LTSOSA bagi keamanan nasional Indonesia khususnya bidang keantariksaan. Tulisan ini menemukan bahwa guidelines LTSOSA memuat butir-butir terkait keamanan keantariksaan yang menjadi kepentingan nasional vital bagi Indonesia. Artikel ini diharapkan menjadi bahan masukan sikap dan posisi Indonesia terhadap implementasi guidelines LTSOSA. Kata-kata kunci: Indonesia, keamanan keantariksaan, keberlanjutan kegiatan luar angkasa dalam jangka panjang

scholarly journals Space Traffic Management (STM) – Legal Aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Polkowska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Management ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Air Traffic Management ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
International Civil Aviation Organization ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Security Regulations ◽  
Space Activities

Space Traffic Management (STM) is a new concept referring to space activities. The highest priority is the safety and security of outer space and all conducted operations. There is no definition of STM. There is an urgent need to regulate STM providing safety and security regulations at the international, regional, and national levels. Because there is no STM definition, the regulator might use the example of existing regulations of the International Civil Aviation Organization on Air Traffic Management (ATM). European EUSST is a good example of being a “precursor” of STM. However, many questions are still open regarding specific regulations needed to create an STM system, such as at which level they should be made: globally, regionally, or nationally.

Supra-Earth affairs

2011 ◽  
Vol 369 (1936) ◽  
pp. 693-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazlan Othman
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Discussion Paper ◽  
Member States ◽  
Terrestrial Life ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Near Earth Objects

The United Nations briefly considered the issue of extra-terrestrial intelligence at the 32nd session of the General Assembly in 1977. As a result, the Office of Outer Space Affairs was tasked to prepare a document on issues related to ‘messages to extra-terrestrial civilizations’, but this area has not been followed through in more recent times. This discussion paper describes the United Nations’ activities in the field of near-Earth objects in some detail, and suggests that this might be used as a model of how Member States could proceed with dealing with this issue in case the existence of extra-terrestrial life/intelligence is established.

The Outer Space Treaties

1969 ◽  
Vol 73 (705) ◽  
pp. 751-758
Author(s):  
Francis Vallat
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Celestial Bodies ◽  
The United Nations

In this lecture I intend to talk about two treaties adopted under the auspices of the General Assembly of the United Nations. To give them their full titles, they are the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space including the Moon and other Celestial Bodies and the Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space. For convenience, I shall call them the Treaty on Outer Space and the Agreement on Rescue and Return.

Access to space: A new approach by the united nations office for outer space affairs

2018 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayami Kojima ◽  
Daniel García Yárnoz ◽  
Simonetta Di Pippo
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The United Nations

China, Japan, and the Governance of Space: Prospects for Competition and Cooperation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saadia M Pekkanen
Keyword(s):  
Outer Space ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Technical Competence ◽  
Competition And Cooperation ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Space Race ◽  
New Space ◽  
China And Japan ◽  
Space Activities

Abstract China and Japan are among the world’s top space powers, with significant technical competence in both conventional and ‘newspace’ capabilities. Since the early 1990s, each country has also taken a keen interest in shaping the governance of outer space activities. But they have done so in remarkably different ways, calling into question Asian states’ supposed preferences for soft and informal institutions. Japan has led the Asia-Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum, involving both state and nonstate participants, which is guided by a set of principles. China has opted for a high-profile formal intergovernmental design, the Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization, with a Convention and all the trappings of a formal organizational structure. This article assesses the activities of China and Japan in the new space race, discusses how and why the design of their space governance differs, and reflects on prospects for competition and cooperation.

scholarly journals Do we need an ethics of planetary sustainability?

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Beisbart
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Conceptual Change ◽  
Moral Status ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ethical Theories ◽  
The United Nations

Abstract The politics of the United Nations aims at sustainable development (i.e., development that can continue with future generations). Andreas Losch has recently proposed to expand our current notion of sustainability to what he calls ‘planetary sustainability’, and he has urged an ethics of planetary sustainability. This comment article discusses these proposals. The proposed conceptual change is assessed, drawing on desiderata suggested by Carnap. To the extent to which the current notion of sustainability has excluded consideration of outer space, we gain in simplicity. To the extent to which it has been unclear about this issue, we gain in exactness. The proposed concept is fruitful because it points to important considerations, in particular if there are extra-terrestrial beings that share moral status with human beings. But to some extent this fruitfulness requires a clear deviation from the anthropocentric outlook of our current notion of sustainability, and costs regarding similarity arise. As far as an ethics of sustainability is concerned, we certainly need to address ethical issues that arise in relation to outer space. However, the notion of planetary sustainability is not likely to figure prominently in related thoughts because the notion of sustainability is not a key concept in known ethical theories.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document