Two anniversaries of 2017: SNELLIUS' BOOK, STRUVE ARC

2017 ◽  
Vol 921 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
V.B. Kaptüg
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Round Number ◽  
The Russian Empire

First use of triangulation in "measurements of degrees" by Willebrord Snel in the Netherlands and Karl F. Tenner in the Russian empire are briefly described in connection with their "round-number" anniversaries in 2017 (quadricentennial and bicentennial respectively). A special emphasis is placed on significance of the Tenner triangulation chains which made up the largest segment of the "Russian arc" ("Struve arc").

scholarly journals Multilingualism in Enlightenment Europe

Slovene ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 543-553
Author(s):  
Gleb Pilipenko
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
English Language ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Language Choice ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Alphabetical Index ◽  
The Russian Empire

[Rev. of: Rjéoutski V., Frijhoff W., eds., Language Choice in Enlightenment Europe: Education, Sociability, and Governance, Amsterdam, 2018, 233 pp.] The book under review is an English-language collective monograph called “Language Choice in Enlightenment Europe: Education, Sociability, and Governance”, written by authors from the Netherlands, Italy, Russia, Estonia, and Croatia (edited by Vladislav Rjéoutski and Willem Frijhoff). The subject of the monograph is the language choice in the European countries of the 18th century. This is the sixth book in the Languages and Cultures in History series, and it includes an introduction, eight articles by the international team of authors, and an alphabetical index of names and places mentioned. The Enlightenment was marked in Europe by the gradual abandonment of Latin in education and public administration and its replacement by vernaculars. At the same time, there are peculiarities in every country, particularly in the Russian Empire and Croatia. Archival materials (private letters, memoirs, official questionnaires, statistics) make this book extremely valuable. The authors analyse the linguistic situation in France, the Netherlands, Central Germany, the Estonian Governorate, Croatia, the Hungarian Kingdom, and the Russian Empire. Language choice is discussed at the micro-level (e.g. within one family) as well as at the macro-level (e.g., in education, public administration, among the nobility or clergy). The book will be of great interest to historians, linguists, sociologists, anthropologists, as well as to specialists in international relations.

1. The Mean Pressure of the Atmosphere over the Globe for the Months and for the Year. Part I.—January, July, and the Year

1869 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Buchan
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
South America ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Antarctic Ocean ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Mean Pressure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Russian Empire

The three charts which were exhibited, showing, by isobarometric lines, the mean atmospheric pressure over the globe, during January, July, and the year, were constructed from observations made at 358 places thus distributed over the earth,—167 in Europe; 51 in Asia; 22 in Africa and adjoining islands; 35 in South America, West Indian Islands, and Atlantic; 63 in North America; and 20 in Australasia and Antarctic Ocean. Of the European stations, 12 are in Scotland, 14 in England, 27 in Austria, 12 in Italy, 10 in France, 10 in the Netherlands, 9 in Norway, and 57 in the Russian empire, &c. The list might have been largely increased; thus a larger number might have been given from the 80 Scottish stations; but the 12 given were judged sufficient to represent the mean atmospheric pressure of this country.

scholarly journals Sweden and the Jacobite movement (1715-1718)

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-152
Author(s):  
Costel Coroban
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Glorious Revolution ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Imperial Power ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Glorious Revolution

During the second decade of the century of the Enlightenment, a short interesting episode occurred between the Kingdoms of Britain, Sweden and the Russian Empire. In the context of Sweden’s downfall as an imperial power, Charles XII, after the return from his stay in the Ottoman Empire, instructed his minister, Görtz, to surreptitiously journey to the Netherlands in search of finances. The purpose was to revitalize what was left of Sweden’s maritime power. The only ones interested in funding Charles XII’s fleet were the Jacobites. They were those English, Scots, Irish and Welsh who were still loyal to the dynasty of James II Stuart of England, exiled during the Glorious Revolution of 1688-1689. James II having died in 1701, they now gathered around his son, Francis Edward Stuart (the Old Pretender). In 1715-1716, the Pretender attempted to invade Britain in order to prevent the succession of George I of Hanover, but failed. Through the Swedish envoys in London and Paris (Gyllenborg and Sparre, respectively), Görtz tried to obtain an agreement from the Jacobites that money would be secretly loaned to Charles XII in exchange for Sweden helping a new Jacobite invasion. British counterintelligence was well aware of these negotiations. Eventually the government of George I arrested Gyllenborg, furthermore publishing his documents. This was done in the hope of internationally isolating Sweden, as the British Hanoverian monarch feared a Russian-Swedish-Jacobite alliance. The topic cannot be fully understood without taking in consideration the position of the Russian Empire, so a section of the article is also dedicated to the role played by Russia in this affair.

D. I. Mendeleev’s “cherished thoughts” on foreign trade and “proper protectionism”

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-139
Author(s):  
T. N. Belova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Foreign Trade Policy ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Industrial Economy ◽  
The North ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
American Scholar ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Competition Growth

Foreign trade policy and its role in the economic growth of the national economy are considered through the prism of history and comparison of the formation of the industrial economy in the Russian Empire and the North American United States. The author compares the protectionism of D. I. Mendeleev, described in his economic works, and the free trade thinking of the American scholar W. Sumner, who formulated the “misconceptions” of protectionism. Mendeleev’s proper protectionism is grounded on the basic principles (incentivizing internal competition, growth of consumption, bringing up of new industries ), which are relevant for contemporary Russia. The author gives a typical example of the formation and decline of the factory industry using the case of mirror factories in the Ryazan province. These historical analogies, the paper argues, are necessary for the correct assessment of the current situation and for coming up with valid solutions aimed at the development of the Russian economy.

The Germans and their Jewish Neighbors on the Ukrainian Areas at the Second Half of the 19th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
D. Meshkov
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
South West ◽  
Multiethnic Population ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents some of the author’s research results that has got while elaboration of the theme “Everyday life in the mirror of conflicts: Germans and their neighbors on the Southern and South-West periphery of the Russian Empire 1861–1914”. The relationship between Germans and Jews is studied in the context of the growing confrontation in Southern cities that resulted in a wave of pogroms. Sources are information provided by the police and court archival funds. The German colonists Ludwig Koenig and Alexandra Kirchner (the resident of Odessa) were involved into Odessa pogrom (1871), in particular. While Koenig with other rioters was arrested by the police, Kirchner led a crowd of rioters to the shop of her Jewish neighbor, whom she had a conflict with. The second part of the article is devoted to the analyses of unty-Jewish violence causes and history in Ak-Kerman at the second half of the 19th and early years of 20th centuries. Akkerman was one of the southern Bessarabia cities, where multiethnic population, including the Jews, grew rapidly. It was one of the reasons of the pogroms in 1865 and 1905. The author uses criminal cases` papers to analyze the reasons of the Germans participation in the civilian squads that had been organized to protect the population and their property in Ackerman and Shabo in 1905.

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