Mathematical cartography today

2019 ◽  
Vol 943 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
M.V. Nyrtsov
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Initial Data ◽  
Additional Research ◽  
Triaxial Ellipsoid ◽  
International Astronomical Union ◽  
Small Bodies ◽  
Map Projections ◽  
International Astronomical ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Almost All

For most small bodies of the Solar System shapes the International Astronomical Union recommends to use a triaxial ellipsoid. Today almost all major classes of cartographic projections for the triaxial ellipsoid have been developed. They require systematization, classification and additional research. The archives of libraries accumulated a significant list of paper maps of the Soviet times which are compiled in projections developed in our country. It is necessary to implement those projections in the PROJ.4 library used by GIS. Distortions in map projections can be defined as deformation of a cell. If we imagine that the sphere is covered with a net of regular hexagons then it is possible to estimate distortions in the projection by their deformation on the plane. Now the majority of cartographers use online calculators to define the values required for mathematical cartography. Programs are usually written in JavaScript and require the user to only enter the initial data. These are only some of the problems facing modern mathematical cartography.

Meridian section projections: a new class of the triaxial ellipsoid projections

2021 ◽  
Vol 968 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
M.V. Nyrtsov ◽  
M.E. Fleis ◽  
A.I. Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Triaxial Ellipsoid ◽  
International Astronomical Union ◽  
Small Bodies ◽  
New Class ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Meridian Section ◽  
International Astronomical ◽  
Global Mapping ◽  
Ellipsoid Of Revolution ◽  
Celestial Bodies

Historically the conformal projections have been used for mapping not only the Earth, but other celestial bodies as well. Their application enables preserving the shape of the relief features on the maps, which is extremely important for various analyses of celestial bodies’ surfaces. For many small bodies of the Solar system the International Astronomical Union recommends to apply a triaxial ellipsoid as a reference surface. But if the conformal projections for the reference surfaces of a sphere and an ellipsoid of revolution already exist, obtaining these projections for a triaxial ellipsoid will be significantly complicated, and the task of preserving the shape of relief features still actual. In general, the article deals with cylindrical and azimuthal projections of the meridian section for global mapping the celestial body surface in accordance with the idea formulated by prof. L. M. Bugaevsky. The projections are implemented for mapping of Phobos, moon of Mars.

scholarly journals DIVISION F COMMISSION 15: PHYSICAL STUDY OF COMETS AND MINOR PLANETS

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (T29A) ◽  
pp. 316-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Bockelée-Morvan ◽  
Ricardo Gil-Hutton ◽  
Daniel Hestroffer ◽  
Irina N. Belskaya ◽  
Björn J. R. Davidsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Solar System ◽  
Space Mission ◽  
Laboratory Simulation ◽  
Minor Planets ◽  
International Astronomical Union ◽  
Small Bodies ◽  
International Astronomical ◽  
Physical Study ◽  
Tremendous Progress

AbstractCommission 15 of the International Astronomical Union (IAU), entitled Physical Study of Comets and Minor Planets, was founded in 1935 and dissolved in 2015, following the reorganization of IAU. In 80 years of Commission 15, tremendous progress has been made on the knowledge of these objets, thanks to the combined efforts of ground- and space-based observations, space mission rendezvous and flybys, laboratory simulation and analyses of returned samples, and theoretical and numerical modeling. Together with dynamical studies of the Solar System, this discipline has provided a much deeper understanding of how the Solar System formed and evolved. We present a legacy report of Commission 15, which highlights key milestones in the exploration and knowledge of the small bodies of the Solar System.

scholarly journals Physical and dynamical characteristics of icy “dwarf planets” (plutoids)

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (S263) ◽  
pp. 173-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Tancredi
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
International Astronomical Union ◽  
Dynamical Characteristics ◽  
Dwarf Planets ◽  
International Astronomical ◽  
Solar System Bodies ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThe geophysical and dynamical criteria introduced in the “Definition of a Planet in the Solar System” adopted by the International Astronomical Union are reviewed. The classification scheme approved by the IAU reflects dynamical and geophysical differences among planets, “dwarf planets” and “small Solar System bodies”. We present, in the form of a decision tree, the set of questions to be considered in order to classify an object as an icy “dwarf planet” (a plutoid). We find that there are 15 very probable plutoids; plus possibly 9 more, which require a reliable estimate of their sizes. Finally, the most relevant physical and dynamical characteristics of the set of icy “dwarf planets” have been reviewed; e.g. the albedo, the lightcurve amplitude, the location in the different dynamical populations, the size distributions, and the discovery rate.

scholarly journals Inter-Commission Working Group on the Prevention of Interplanetary Pollution

1997 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-274
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Interplanetary Space ◽  
Planetary Science ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Space Vehicles ◽  
The Moon ◽  
International Astronomical Union ◽  
International Astronomical ◽  
Solar System Bodies ◽  
Interplanetary Mission

At the 1988 Baltimore General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union, members of several Commissions dealing with planetary science expressed deep concern that no work was being undertaken to identify and avoid pollution problems in interplanetary space beyond the Moon. At that time NASA had convened a conference on problems in cislunar space due to the large and growing numbers of orbiting fragments hazardous to space vehicles. In translunar space this is hardly a problem. However an alarming number of future interplanetary mission proposals were considered for other reasons to be potentially harmful to various solar system bodies and interplanetary space itself.

Probing the New Solar System

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Planetary Systems ◽  
Planetary Exploration ◽  
Space Probe ◽  
International Astronomical Union ◽  
Historical Information ◽  
Dwarf Planets ◽  
International Astronomical ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of

Exploration by space probes has revealed many fascinating details about Earth’s planetary neighbours. Today we stand on the threshold of the next phase of planetary exploration and knowledge, with several space probe missions currently underway and others being planned. Probing the New Solar System discusses the latest findings that have contributed to a changed understanding of the solar system – and how the revised definition of a planet in 2006 by the International Astronomical Union affected this understanding. Each chapter includes some historical information, ‘Did you know?’ items of particular interest to readers, and photographs of objects in the solar system showing newly discovered features of the planets, their moons and of dwarf planets. This is an up-to-date record of the many recent discoveries made about our solar system and other planetary systems using ground-based and space probe technology. It has been written for people interested in astronomy, both professional and amateur, as well as for students and educators.

Calculation and visualization of distortions in morphographic projections

2019 ◽  
Vol 945 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
M.V. Nyrtsov ◽  
A.A. Domatieva
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Celestial Body ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Irregular Shape ◽  
Triaxial Ellipsoid ◽  
Reference Surface ◽  
Small Bodies ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Regular Shape

There are different ways of estimating the distortions that help us find the best cartographic projections and recommend them for a specific range of tasks from mapping the Earth to extraterrestrial mapping. Besides the planets and their satellites there are small bodies in the Solar System. For mapping these bodies it is advisable to use morphographic projections to show their non-spherical shape. These projections were developed by Philip Stooke. He also proposed replacement of a regular reference surface with a phoboid and methods for estimating distortions but practically implemented them on the example of a body with a regular shape approximated by test triaxial ellipsoid with a ratio of axes 4:3:2. In this regard we set the task of developing and implementing the method for determining distortions in morphographic projections for a body with an irregular shape. We used the algorithm of comparison cartographic cell on projection and on phoboid in order to estimate distortion. The object of mapping is Phobos, a satellite of Mars. Phobos is a non-spherical celestial body for which morphographic projections were first applied. Comparing our results by the values of distortions with the results obtained by Philip Stooke we can conclude that using morphographic projections makes less distortion at portraying a phoboid than a test triaxial ellipsoid.

scholarly journals Távoli csillagok és bolygóik új elnevezései

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 213-220
Author(s):  
Judit Kozma
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Press Conference ◽  
International Astronomical Union ◽  
International Astronomical ◽  
Autonomous Regions

The International Astronomical Union (IAU) celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2019. To celebrate the occasion, the organisation announced a campaign for countries to name exoplanets, that is planets outside of our solar system and their stars. A total of 113 countries and autonomous regions took part in the campaign, choosing names by way of public votes. The IAU announced the 225 names chosen at a press conference on 17 December 2019 and accepted these as official (alongside the scientific names already in use). Following a brief description of exoplanets, the study categorises the planet names according to onomastic aspects and offers an overview of the names submitted to the Hungarian committee.

scholarly journals COMMISSION 22: METEORS, METEORITES AND INTERPLANETARY DUST

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (T27A) ◽  
pp. 174-178
Author(s):  
Pavel Spurný ◽  
Jun-ichi Watanabe ◽  
Ingrid Mann ◽  
Jiří Borovička ◽  
William J. Baggaley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar System ◽  
Planetary System ◽  
Interplanetary Dust ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
International Astronomical Union ◽  
Division Iii ◽  
Interplanetary Dust Particles ◽  
Meteoroid Streams ◽  
Zodiacal Cloud ◽  
International Astronomical

Commission 22 is part of Division III on Planetary System Sciences of the International Astronomical Union. Members of Commission 22 are professional scientists studying bodies in the Solar System smaller than asteroids and comets, and their interactions with planets. The main subjects of interest are meteors, meteoroids, meteoroid streams, interplanetary dust particles, and also zodiacal cloud, meteor trains, meteorites, tektites, etc.

scholarly journals COMMISSION 46: ASTRONOMY EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (T26B) ◽  
pp. 230-233
Author(s):  
Jay M. Pasachoff ◽  
Barrie W. Jones ◽  
John B. Hearnshaw ◽  
Michèle Gerbaldi ◽  
Lars Lindberg Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Astronomical Union ◽  
Astronomy Education ◽  
International Astronomical ◽  
Education And Development ◽  
Almost All

The International Astronomical Union (IAU) was founded in 1922 to “promote and safeguard astronomy . . . and to develop it through international co-operation”. The IAU is funded through its National Members. Almost all of the funds supplied from the dues are used for the development of astronomy.

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