scholarly journals Mycophenolate Mofetil and Clostridium difficile-associated Colitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
A. I. Dolgushina ◽  
A. A. Selyanina ◽  
E. A. Mezenceva ◽  
A. G. Vasilenko ◽  
L. I. Pozdeeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycophenolate Mofetil ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Graft Versus Host ◽  
Key Points ◽  
History Of ◽  
Related Donor

Aim. A clinical observation of colitis conditioned by mycophenolate mofetil intake and concomitant Clostridium difficile-associated disease.Key points. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is an active immunosuppressant with side effects affecting gastrointestinal tract (GIT). A 37-yo male patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus was admitted at a gastroenterology unit with clinical signs of diarrhoea with haematochezia. A history of diabetic nephropathy and related-donor pre-dialysis kidney transplantation in 2012, since when MMF intake was 2000 mg daily. Catarrhal ulcerative colitis in colonoscopy, C. difficile toxins in pathogen stool panel. Ulcerative, ischaemic colitises and the graft-versus-host disease were ruled out in examination. A positive clinical and endoscopic trend was observed upon MMF withdrawn and start of vancomycin.Conclusion. The case presented illustrates the clinical picture and diagnostic algorithm in MMF-associated colitis. The case-distinctive is association with C. difficile infection.

Equine Colitis X Associated with Infection by Clostridium Difficile NAP1/027

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Glenn Songer ◽  
H. T. Trinh ◽  
Sharon M. Dial ◽  
Jon S. Brazier ◽  
Robert D. Glock
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Binary Toxin ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Mucosal Lamina Propria

A 14-year-old Quarter Horse with a 48-hr history of colic was euthanized after failure to respond to treatment. At necropsy, cecal and colonic mucosae were congested throughout, and there was segmental edema and significant thickening of the intestinal wall. Excessive numbers of mononuclear cells were found in mucosal lamina propria. Submucosal hemorrhage was diffuse and extensive, and Clostridium difficile toxins A and B were detected. Large numbers of C. difficile were isolated, and genetic characterization revealed them to be North American pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type 1, polymerase chain reaction ribotype 027, and toxinotype III. Genes for the binary toxin were present, and toxin negative–regulator tcdC contained an 18-bp deletion. This genotype comprises the current human “epidemic strain,” which is associated with human C. difficile–associated disease of greater than historical severity. The diagnosis was peracute typhlocolitis, with lesions and history typical of those attributed to colitis X.

scholarly journals Canine adenovirus type 1 causing neurological signs in a 5-week-old puppy

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Hornsey ◽  
Hélène Philibert ◽  
Dale L. Godson ◽  
Elisabeth C. R. Snead
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Adenovirus Type ◽  
Intranuclear Inclusion ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Neurological Signs ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Timely Reminder

Abstract Background Infectious canine hepatitis is a rarely encountered disease, that is caused by Canine Adenovirus-1. Clinical signs can vary dramatically, and neurological signs are rarely seen. Neurological manifestation of this disease is rarely reported in the veterinary literature. Case presentation A 5-week-old, male entire Husky cross puppy presented for a one-day history of abnormal neurological behaviour (circling, ataxia, vocalization and obtund mentation). The puppy was euthanized shortly after presentation due to rapid deterioration. Histopathology raised concerns for Canine Adenovirus 1 (CAdV-1) based on vasculitis in the brain and intranuclear inclusion bodies in endothelial cell and hepatocytes; immunohistochemistry on brain tissue confirmed CAdV-1 infection. Conclusions This report discusses possible routes of infection and manifestations of adenovirus infections causing neurologic signs. It also provides a timely reminder that CAdV-1 should be considered a differential in unvaccinated dogs that present with neurological signs. Further studies are required to better understand the neurotrophic tendencies of this virus.

scholarly journals New advances in the diagnosis of von Willebrand disease

Hematology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 596-600
Author(s):  
Ruchika Sharma ◽  
Sandra L. Haberichter
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Von Willebrand Disease ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Platelet Binding ◽  
History Of ◽  
Von Willebrand

Abstract von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common autosomal inherited bleeding disorder, with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 1000 individuals. VWD is classified into quantitative and qualitative forms. Diagnosis of VWD is complex and requires (1) a personal history of bleeding symptoms, (2) family history of bleeding or VWD, and (3) confirmatory laboratory testing. There are certain bleeding assessment tools to objectively measure bleeding symptoms in patients that have been shown to correlate with the diagnosis as well as the severity of VWD. Laboratory diagnosis requires at least initially a measurement of von Willebrand factor (VWF) antigen levels, VWF platelet binding activity (VWF:RCo, VWF:GPIbM, and VWF:GPIbR), and factor VIII (FVIII) activity. Additional testing to confirm the specific subtype may include VWF collagen binding activity, low-dose ristocetin VWF-platelet binding, FVIII-VWF binding, VWF multimer analysis, and VWF propeptide antigen. Recent advances have been made regarding some of these assays. Molecular testing in VWD is not found to be useful in “low VWF” or most type 1 VWD cases but may be informative in patients with severe type 1 VWD, type 1C VWD, type 2 VWD, or type 3 VWD for accurate diagnosis, genetic counseling, and appropriate treatment. The diagnostic algorithm for VWD is complex, but advances continue to be made in improving VWF functional assays and diagnostic pathways.

scholarly journals First confirmed case of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea in foals in Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 498-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Otávio Silveira Silva ◽  
Felipe Moraghi Moreira ◽  
Jackeline Viana Rezende ◽  
Prhiscylla Sadanã Pires ◽  
Renata de Pino Albuquerque Maranhão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Routine Laboratory ◽  
Therapeutic Success ◽  
History Of ◽  
Toxigenic Strains ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Associated Diarrhea ◽  
Veterinary Hospital

Despite of the substantial role of Clostridium difficile in causing diarrhea and colitis in foals, there have been no confirmed diagnoses of disease caused by this bacteria in Brazil. In this paper, we describe confirmed cases of colitis caused by C. difficile in two foals in Brazil. Two five-month-old foals with a five-day history of diarrhea after antibiotic treatment for a respiratory disease were treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. C. difficile A/B toxins were detected, and toxigenic strains of C. difficile were isolated from the foals' feces. The treatment was based on fluid therapy and antibiotics (metronidazole and ceftiofur), and the animals experienced a gradual recovery. The association between the medical history, clinical signs, laboratory exam results and therapeutic success confirmed the diagnosis of C. difficile-associated diarrhea. The present report raises the possibility that C. difficile is also a pathogen in equines in Brazil and highlights the need for up to date routine laboratory protocols for the diagnosis of this disease.

scholarly journals Therapeutic and diagnostic algorithm for colon lipoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 101-103
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Korzheva ◽  
N. E. Chernekhovskaya ◽  
E. V. Galaeva ◽  
N. V. Vychuzhanina ◽  
E. A. Khoreva
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Case History ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
History Of ◽  
Colonic Lipoma

Clinical relevance: Colon lipomas are not rare tumors, but they occur with blurred clinical features and patients arrive with complications- obstructive intestinal obstruction or bleeding. In this regard, the authors presented a clinical case of a 57-yearold patient whose diagnosis was established only by morphological examination of the surgical material.The purpose of the study was to demonstrate clinical observation of colon lipoma.Materials and methods: The case history of a 57-year-old patient diagnosed with colonic lipoma is presented.

scholarly journals Diagnosing MALT Gastric Lymphoma in Gastroenterologist’s Practice, a Clinical Observation

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
E. Ya. Selezneva ◽  
N. A. Shcherbakova ◽  
Yu. V. Embutnieks ◽  
E. V. Bystrovskaya ◽  
S. G. Khomeriki
Keyword(s):  
Multislice Computed Tomography ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Epigastric Pain ◽  
Gastric Lymphoma ◽  
Eradication Therapy ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Gastric Lesions ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Treatment Stage ◽  
History Of

Aim. A clinical case description to highlight challenges in diagnosing MALT lymphoma presented in infiltrative ulcer-ative lesions.Key points. A 60-yo patient was admitted to the Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Centre with epigastric pain and an 18 kg weight loss over past 4 months. A history of repeated outpatient endoscopic examinations revealing subse-quently ulcerative and infiltrative ulcerative gastric lesions of unestablished origin. A complex examination combin-ing oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGDS), endosonography (EUS), multislice computed tomography (MSCT), morphological and immunohistochemical (IHC) assays elicited the MALT gastric lymphoma IIE stage involving para-gastric and intraperitoneal lymph nodes. The first treatment stage included line-1 eradication therapy, rabeprazole 20 mg x 2 times a day, amoxicillin 1000 mg x 2 times a day, clarithromycin 500 mg x 2 times a day, bismuth tripotas-sium dicitrate 240 mg x 2 times a day — for 14 days. Accounting for the process prevalence and stage, six courses of R-CHOP polychemotherapy (PCT) were ordered by haematologist.Conclusion. This observation demonstrates a targeted-biopsy endoscopic examination followed by morphological, IHC, EUS (for invasion depth) and MSCT (for process advancement) assays to be decisive in differential diagnosis of ulcerative and infiltrative ulcerative gastric lesions.

scholarly journals Primary progressive aphasias: clinical and genetic heterogeneity and diagnostic difficulties

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
Igor V. Litvinenko ◽  
Кristina A. Kolmakova ◽  
Аndrey Yu. Emelin ◽  
Vladimir Yu. Lobzin
Keyword(s):  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Primary Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Diagnostic Algorithm ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Primary Progressive ◽  
Diagnostic Difficulties ◽  
History Of ◽  
Disease Variant ◽  
Key Aspects

This systematic review describes primary progressive aphasia (PPA) variants and includes the authors' own clinical observations. Over 20 genes have now been identified, with mutations that are directly involved in the development of the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia, as well as other forms of PPA. Pathomorphological markers of Alzheimer's disease were identified in 76% of cases of logopenic PPA, while signs of frontotemporal dementia associated with TDP-43 were identified in 80% of cases of the semantic variant, and those associated with TDP-43/tau were identified in 64% of cases of agrammatic PPA. The clinical diagnosis of PPA is based on a history of long-term, progressive speech disturbances and identifying a particular variant: agrammatic, semantic or logopenic. The primary variant of the speech disorder cannot be identified in approximately 30% of cases. The focus should be on the main and additional clinical signs (presence of agrammatism, object naming, word comprehension, preserved repetition), as well as neuroimaging (presence of asymmetrical frontal and/or temporal lobe atrophy). The article also provides key aspects of differential diagnosis of the PPA variants, and puts forth a stepwise diagnostic algorithm. It examines features of PPA progression, with possible development of corticobasal syndrome, illustrated by a clinical case. A dissociation between neuroimaging findings and clinical disease variant is also demonstrated to be possible. Different neuropsychological assessments of patients with aphasia and methods of determining the severity of speech dysfunction are presented. Standardized aphasia assessment tools and the adapted PPA severity scale are provided.

Intraocular tuberculosis, a challenge in diagnosis and treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Martina Larroude ◽  
Gustavo Ariel Budmann
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Ocular Tuberculosis ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Choroidal Granuloma ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Ocular Tb

Ocular tuberculosis (TB) is an extrapulmonary tuberculous condition and has variable manifestations. The incidence of TB is still high in developing countries, and a steady increase in new cases has been observed in industrial countries as a result of the growing number of immunodeficient patients and migration from developing countries. Choroidal granuloma is a rare and atypical location of TB. We present a case of a presumptive choroidal granuloma. This case exposes that diagnosis can be remarkably challenging when there is no history of pulmonary TB. The recognition of clinical signs of ocular TB is extremely important since it provides a clinical pathway toward tailored investigations and decision making for initiating anti-TB therapy and to ensure a close follow-up to detect the development of any complication.

Detergent properties as the basis of the dimexide therapeutic effect in AA-amyloidosis infectious nature (clinical case analysis)

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
V. Rameev ◽  
L. Kozlovskaya ◽  
A. Rameeva ◽  
P. Tao
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Case Analysis ◽  
Systemic Amyloidosis ◽  
Aa Amyloidosis ◽  
Functional Amyloid ◽  
History Of

The article discusses the current possibilities of postinfectious AA-amyloidosis treatment with dimexide on the example of clinical observation, discribes in detail the problem of functional amyloid and debates the prospects of the principle of amyloid resorption in the treatment of systemic amyloidosis. The history of the use of dimexide in medical practice is given, thenecessary dataon the pharmacology of dimexide are presented.

Surgical management of choke through oesophagotomy in a buffalo: A case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Devasee Borakhatariya ◽  
A. B. Gadara
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Thoracic Inlet ◽  
Cervical Oesophagus ◽  
Foreign Objects ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oesophageal Obstruction ◽  
Large Animals

Oesophageal disorders are relatively uncommon in large animals. Oesophageal obstruction is the most frequently encountered clinical presentation in bovine and it may be intraluminal or extra luminal (Haven, 1990). Intraluminal obstruction or “choke” is the most common abnormality that usually occurs when foreign objects, large feedstuff, medicated boluses, trichobezoars, or oesophageal granuloma lodge in the lumen of the oesophagus. Oesophageal obstructions in bovine commonly occur at the pharynx, the cranial aspect of the cervical oesophagus, the thoracic inlet, or the base of the heart (Choudhary et al., 2010). Diagnosis of such problem depends on the history of eating particular foodstuff and clinical signs as bloat, tenesmus, retching, and salivation

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