scholarly journals Faktor Sosiodemografi dan Riwayat Klinis Malaria Terhadap Insidensi Malaria di Manokwari

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Novyan Lusiyana ◽  
Nurlaili Farida Muhajir
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestation ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Plasmodium Infection ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Geographic Factors ◽  
Geographic Factor ◽  
Blood Smear Examination ◽  
West Papua

Malaria is an endemic disease in Manokwari. Malaria transmission was influenced by sociodemographic and geographic factor. However, clinical manifestation of malaria in endemic area was various from asymptomatic, mild to heavy manifestation. The aim of this study was to identify the incidence, sociodemographic, geographic factors, and clinical manifestation of Plasmodium infection in Manokwari. This was a cross sectional study, in August 2019 in two endemic villages, that is Amban and Wosi village, Manokwari district, West Papua. The number of subject involved in this study was 100. 55 subjects came from Amban and 45 from Wosi village. The sociodemographic characteristics of subject such as age, gender, address, education and occupation were recorded. Blood smear examination and Giemsa staining were performed to identify Plasmodium sp on each subject. Results of this study showed that 3% of population were infected by Plasmodium sp. Plasmodium sp. infection. more experienced by men, higher education level and have a job. The demographic and geographic factors were not related with Plasmodium sp. infection (p > 0.05). All of the subjects who infected with Plasmodium sp. show manifestation such as fever, chills, sweating, nausea/vomitus, and diarrhea. The conclusion of this study is highlighted that socio-demographic and geographical factors are not associated with Plasmodium sp. infection, and Plasmodium infection is characterized by clinical symptoms.

CLINICAL SYMPTOMS, BIOCHEMISTRY AND CYTOLOGY OF PLEURAL, PERITONEAL EFFUSIONS

2016 ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Van Mao Nguyen ◽  
Huyen Quynh Trang Pham
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Malignant Cells ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Pleural Effusions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breath Sounds ◽  
Peritoneal Effusion ◽  
Neutrophil Leukocytes

Background: The cytology and the support of clinical symptoms, biochemistry for diagnosis of the cases of effusions are very important. Objectives: - To describe some of clinical symptoms and biochemistry of effusions. - To compare the results between cytology and biochemistry by the causes of pleural, peritoneal fluids. Material & Method: A cross-sectional study to describe all of 47 patients with pleural, peritoneal effusions examinated by cytology in the Hospital of Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy from April 2013 to January 2014. Results: In 47 cases with effusions, pleural effusion accounting for 55.32%, following peritoneal effusions 29.79% and 14.89% with both of them. The most common symptoms in patients with pleural effusions were diminished or absent tactile fremitus, dull percussion, diminished or absent breath sounds (100%), in patients with peritoneal effusions was ascites (95.24%). 100% cases with pleural effusions, 50% cases with peritoneal effusions and 80% cases with pleural and peritoneal effusions were exudates. The percentage of malignant cells in patients with pleural effusions was 26.92%, in peritoneal effusions was 28.57%, in pleural and peritoneal effusions was 42.86%. The percentage of detecting the malignant cells in patients with suspected cancer in the first test was 57.14%, in the second was 9.53% and 33.33% undetectable. Most of cases which had malignant cells and inflammatory were exudates, all of the cases which had a few cells were transudates. Besides, 7.5% cases which had high neutrophil leukocytes were transudates. Conclusion: Cytology should be carry out adding to the clinical examinations and biochemistry tests to have an exact diagnosis, especially for the malignant ones. For the case with suspected cancer, we should repeat cytology test one more time to increase the ability to detect malignant cells. Key words: Effusion, pleural effusion, peritoneal effusion, cytology, biochemistry

Prevalence of COVID-19-like Symptoms among People Living with HIV, and Using Antiretroviral Therapy for Prevention and Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi ◽  
Maryam Ghadimi ◽  
Mahboubeh Hajiabdolbaghi ◽  
Mehrnaz Rasoolinejad ◽  
Ladan Abbasian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background: COVID-19 has spread globally with remarkable speed, and currently, there is limited data available exploring any aspect of the intersection between HIV and SARSCoV- 2 co-infection. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of clinical symptoms associated with COVID-19 among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Tehran, Iran. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: A total of 200 PLWH were recruited through the positive club via sampling, and completed the symptom-based questionnaire for COVID-19, which was delivered by trained peers. Results: Of 200 participants, respiratory symptoms, including cough, sputum, and shortness of breath, were the most prevalent among participants, but only one person developed symptoms collectively suggested COVID-19 and sought treatments. Conclusions: It appears that existing infection with HIV or receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART) might reduce the susceptibility to the infection with SARS-CoV-2 or decrease the severity of the infection acquired. Further research is needed to understand causal mechanisms.

Asymptomatic low-density Plasmodium infection during non-transmission season: a community-based cross-sectional study in two districts of North Eastern Region, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari Shankar ◽  
Sobhan Phookan ◽  
Mrigendra Pal Singh ◽  
Ram Suresh Bharti ◽  
Naseem Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Plasmodium Infection ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections

Abstract Background Malaria elimination requires targeting asymptomatic and low-density Plasmodium infections that largely remain undetected. Therefore we conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate the burden of asymptomatic and low-density Plasmodium infection using conventional and molecular diagnostics. Methods A total of 9118 participants, irrespective of age and sex, were screened for malaria using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), microscopy and polymerase chain reaction. Results Among the participants, 707 presented with symptoms and 8411 without symptoms, of which Plasmodium was present in 15.6% (110/707) and 8.1% (681/8411), respectively. Low-density infection was found in 5.1% (145/2818) of participants and 8327 of 9118 were Plasmodium negative. Endemicity was propotional to asymptomatic infections (high endemicity 11.1% [404/3633] vs low endemicity 5.8% [277/4778]; odds ratio [OR] 2.0 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.7 to 2.4]) but inversely related to low-density infection (high endemicity 3.7% [57/1545] vs low endemicity 6.9% [88/1273]; OR 1.9 [95% CI 1.4 to 2.7]). The spleen rate in children 2–9 y of age was 17.9% (602/3368) and the enlarged spleen index was 1.6. Children between 8 and 14 y showed higher odds for asymptomatic (adjusted OR [aOR] 1.75 [95% CI 1.4 to 2.2]) and low-density infections (aOR 0.63 [95% CI 0.4 to 1.0)] than adults. Conclusions The prevalence of asymptomatic and low-density Plasmodium infection undermines the usefulness of standard diagnostic tools used by health agencies. This necessitates deploying molecular tools in areas where malaria microscopy/RDTs indicate a dearth of infection.

Cervicitis: limited clinical utility for the detection of Mycoplasma genitalium in a cross-sectional study of women attending a New Zealand sexual health clinic

Sexual Health ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannie Oliphant ◽  
Sunita Azariah
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Health ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections

Background Although multiple studies have confirmed Mycoplasma genitalium as a cause of nongonococcal urethritis in men, there is less evidence of its pathogenicity in women. Our aims were to determine the prevalence of M. genitalium in a sample of women attending a sexual health clinic and to assess whether there was any association between the detection of M. genitalium and a diagnosis of cervicitis in this population. Methods: A cross-sectional study recruited women who required screening for sexually transmissible infections. Endocervical swabs to detect the presence of M. genitalium were taken in addition to routine testing for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Trichomonas vaginalis. Data were collected on demographics, sexual behaviour, clinical symptoms and the presence of clinical or microscopic cervicitis. Results: The prevalence of M. genitalium was 8.4% (n = 22, 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.4–12.5%) in the study sample of 261 women. There was an association between the finding of cervical contact bleeding (odds ratio OR): 5.45; 95% CI: 1.93–15.42, P = 0.001) and microscopic cervicitis (OR: 2.64; 95% CI: 0.95–7.34, P = 0.06) and the presence of M. genitalium when compared with women with no diagnosed infection; however, the latter finding was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Although the prevalence of M. genitalium was high at 8.4%, the overall lack of any association between the findings of cervicitis and the detection of M. genitalium support the conclusion that cervicitis has poor clinical utility as an indicator for the presence of M. genitalium infection.

scholarly journals Decreased swallowing function in the sarcopenic elderly without clinical dysphagia: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Chih Chen ◽  
Pei-Yun Chen ◽  
Yu-Chen Wang ◽  
Tyng-Guey Wang ◽  
Der-Sheng Han
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tongue Pressure ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Swallowing Function ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Swallowing Assessment

Abstract Background Sarcopenia and dysphagia are prevalent health issues as the elderly population continues to grow. However, whether sarcopenia, defined by either reduced handgrip strength or gait speed, would lead to pathological effects on swallowing function is still a matter of debate. Studies focusing on subclinical changes in the swallowing function in the sarcopenic elderly are lacking. This study evaluates the swallowing function in the sarcopenic elderly without dysphagia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted including subjects recruited from the community. Ninety-four individuals aged 65 and older without dysphagia were divided into two groups: sarcopenia and nonsarcopenia. The swallowing assessment included tongue pressure measurement, hyoid displacement (HD), hyoid velocity (HV) measurement with submental ultrasonography, 100-ml water-swallowing test, and the 10-item Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10). Results The average tongue pressure was 47.0 ± 13.7 and 48.6 ± 11.5 kPa in the sarcopenia and nonsarcopenia groups, respectively (p = 0.55), whereas the average HD during swallowing was 15.3 ± 4.4 and 13.0 ± 4.2 mm in the sarcopenia and nonsarcopenia groups, respectively (p < 0.05). The median of HV during swallowing was 19.5 (6.41–45.86) and 15.9 (3.7–39.7) mm/s in the sarcopenia and nonsarcopenia group (p < 0.05). The median of time needed for consuming 100 ml water was 12.43 (3.56–49.34) and 5.66 (2.07–19.13) seconds in the sarcopenia and nonsarcopenia groups, respectively (p < 0.05). The median of the EAT-10 score was 0 (0–2) and 0 (0–1) in the sarcopenia and nonsarcopenia groups, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusions In elderly individuals, swallowing function was significantly impaired with sarcopenia before clinical symptoms become clear. However, tongue muscles exhibited resistance to sarcopenia. We observed compensative strategies in patients with sarcopenia, such as reduced swallowing speed and increased hyoid bone movement.

scholarly journals Lower BAFF Levels in Myasthenic Patients Treated with Glucocorticoids

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Sobieszczuk ◽  
Piotr Szczudlik ◽  
Justyna Kubiszewska ◽  
Beata Szyluk ◽  
Marta Lipowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Baff Level

AbstractB-cell activating factor (BAFF), a member of tumor necrosis factor family, activates B cells, promotes their survival and proliferation. BAFF is considered to have an influence on development of autoimmune diseases including myasthenia gravis (MG). We aimed to evaluate BAFF serum levels in MG patients, their potential connection with therapy and course of MG. Cross-sectional study. Two hundred eighteen adult patients with MG (67% women, age: 18–89 years, 82.6% AChR antibody seropositive (AChRAb(+)). Serum BAFF levels, their relationship with severity of clinical symptoms, therapy conducted, clinical and demographic features and other factors were analyzed. Patients with AChRAb(+) MG demonstrated significantly higher BAFF levels than MuSK-MG patients (831.2 ± 285.4 pg/ml vs. 745.6 ± 633.4 pg/ml, respectively; p = 0.030). Serum BAFF levels in women were significantly higher than in men (855.9 ± 302.5 vs. 756.6 ± 289.4, respectively; p = 0.017). Mean serum BAFF level was significantly decreased in patients who were ever treated with corticosteroids (CS) (770.4 ± 327.8 pg/ml vs. 891.3 ± 246.1 pg/ml, respectively; p = 0.001). Thymoma-MG patients demonstrated significantly lower BAFF levels (671.2 ± 244.9 vs. 833.5 ± 302.4, respectively; p = 0.044). Thymectomized patients did not differ in BAFF levels from the MG patients who had not undergone thymectomy. In multiple linear regression model, recent CS therapy and male sex were found to be independent predictors of lower BAFF levels. Serum BAFF level is decreased in patients treated with CS, which may suggest inhibiting influence of CS on BAFF—a potential mechanism contributing to the effectiveness of such therapy.

scholarly journals CLINICAL SYMPTOMS AND CHEST X-RAY FINDINGS FOR EVALUATION OF CHEST X-RAY IN MANAGEMENT AND PREDICTION OF CLINICAL OUTCOME OF CONFIRM CASES OF COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1847-52
Author(s):  
Khawaja Muhammad Baqir Hassan ◽  
Tathir Baqir Hassan ◽  
Shakil Sarwar ◽  
Irfan Najam Sheen ◽  
Farrukh Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Patient Management ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray

Objective: To study clinical symptoms and chest X-ray findings for evaluation of chest X-ray in management ofconfirmed cases of COVID-19 and predicting the clinical outcome. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The departments of Radiology & Medicine of Combined Military Hospital Malir,from Mar to May 2020. Methodology: The sample used in this study consists of 73 patients. All the standard frontal projections of chest X-ray of PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients were studied on computer and findings were noted Results: At the aggregate, the study indicates that there is no Significant Connection in between the clinicalsymptoms, their severity and chest X-ray findings. Conclusion: There is no significant connection found between the severity of clinical symptoms and chest X-rays suggesting that chest X-Ray cannot be a reliable indicator to predict the clinical outcome of the patient and has limited role in management of patient. Clinical assessment is still the main stay of the patient management.

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