scholarly journals Succes eller fiasko? – Et komparativt blik på den danske konkurrencestat

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-75
Author(s):  
Mikkel Dehlholm ◽  
Ove K. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
Market Policy ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Competition State ◽  
State Employment

Artiklen belyser den danske konkurrencestat sammenlignet med andre vestlige lande. I analysen fokuseres på fire dimensioner: 2. Ulighed, fattigdom og skat, 2. Social mobilitet, 3. Økonomisk vækst, konkurrenceevne og økonomisk holdbarhed, og 4. Beskæftigelse, arbejdsløshed og arbejdsmarkedspolitik. Sideløbende analyseres sammenhænge mellem dimensionerne, eksempelvis ligheds betydning for social mobilitet, vækst mv. På baggrund af den komparative analyse argumenterer vi for, at Danmark overordnet set kan karakteriseres som en universalistisk konkurrencestat med en lav grad af ulighed (om end den er steget) og fattigdom kombineret med en konkurrencedygtig og holdbar økonomi, der fastholder den traditionelle velfærdsstats fokus på social sikring og lige adgang til velfærdsservice, om end reformer af dagpenge og kontanthjælp har mindsket graden af sikring i forbindelse med arbejdsløshed. Som den største udfordring for den danske konkurrencestat peger vi på, at Danmark på trods af et stærkt fokus på området stadig er udfordret af, at erhvervsdeltagelsen blandt 25-54 årige mænd er væsentligt lavere, end den var før 1973 og end i de lande, der klarer sig bedst på dette parameter (Schweiz, Japan, Island). På denne baggrund diskuteres, hvad der skal til for at øge beskæftigelsesfrekvensen. ENGELSK ABSTRACT Mikkel Dehlholm and Ove K. Pedersen: Success or failure: a comparative look at the Danish competition state This article analyzes the Danish competition state in comparison with other western states on four dimensions: 1) inequality, poverty and tax, 2) social mobility, 3) economic growth, competitiveness and economic stability and 4) employment, unemployment and labor market policy. It also analyzes relations between these dimensions. Based on the analysis, we argue that Denmark can be characterized as a universalistic competition state. We point out that the greatest challenge for the Danish competition state is the low employment rate for men between the ages of 25-54, which is lower than it was in 1973 and also lower than other countries (such as Switzerland, Japan, Iceland). We discuss ways of increasing this employment . Keywords: Competition state, Welfare state, employment, unemployment, inequality, social mobility.

scholarly journals Introduction: The Russian Welfare State in a Time of Economic Stagnation

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda J. Cook ◽  
Jørn Holm-Hansen ◽  
Markku Kivinen ◽  
Stein Kuhnle
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Economic Stagnation ◽  
Final Article

This Special Issue is devoted to Russia’s welfare state during the years of economic stagnation that began in 2013. Twelve experts assess social conditions and reforms in poverty, labor market, pension, housing and education policies. They show that social mobility has stagnated in conditions of deep inequality and just-above-poverty incomes for many. Innovative labor market and anti-poverty policies are hampered by low productivity and wages, both features of an oligarchic economic model that blocks competition and development. Welfare commitments heavily burden the state budget, producing reforms that transfer costs to users. The authors find that popular protests have forced government to partially mitigate these reforms. Putin’s government appears trapped between oligarchic economic interests and popular expectations for welfare. The final article compares China’s comparatively successful welfare trajectories with those of Russia, and proposes an agenda for further research.

Economic Growth, Labor Market Segmentation, and Labor Productivity

2020 ◽  
pp. 225-249
Author(s):  
Tulus T. H. Tambunan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Market Segmentation ◽  
Asian Financial Crisis ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Market Policy ◽  
Labor Market Segmentation ◽  
Total Labor ◽  
Macroeconomic Management

This chapter examines economic growth, labor market segmentation, informal employment, and labor productivity in Indonesia from 1990-2015. It shows four important facts. First, Indonesia was ever among countries in Southeast Asia with the highest economic growth before the country was severely hit by the Asian financial crisis in 1997/98. In 1999, the country started to recover, and since then, the economy has performed exceptionally well until these days. Second, total employment increased continuously, although as a percentage of total labor force, it tends to decline. Second, total labor productivity also continued to increase. Third, employment is still dominated by the informal sector. This chapter also discusses labor market policy in Indonesia. This chapter concludes that there are many factors that simultaneously determine directly or indirectly the growth of labor productivity, including good macroeconomic management and effective labor market policies.

From a dualized labor market to a dualized welfare state: Employment insecurity and welfare state development in South Korea

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-93
Author(s):  
Hyun Kyoung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Welfare System ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
State Development ◽  
Welfare Benefits ◽  
State Employment ◽  
Welfare State Development

What explains South Korea’s underdeveloped welfare system and recent departure from it? The existing scholarship fails to offer a compelling theory that accounts for the trajectory of the Korean welfare state. Finding dominant theories stressing variables such as regime type or globalization inadequate, this article argues that Korea’s dualized labor market has been a critical factor in shaping institutions of social protection. Its labor markets are characterized by segmentation between insiders who benefit from strong employment protection and outsiders who are exposed to a greater degree of labor market risk. Korea’s welfare system, which is built on the provision of welfare benefits to insiders, has replicated this labor market dualism. The recent expansion of social protection also reflects the insider–outsider division, with the interest of insiders being key variables. The weakening of employment protection, or the prospect of it, led this key group to develop an interest in more broad-based social protection programs. Based on this political logic, this article provides an analysis of Korea’s welfare state development.

scholarly journals Social Mobility in Sweden Before the Welfare State

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thor Berger ◽  
Per Engzell ◽  
Björn Eriksson ◽  
Jakob Molinder
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Census Data ◽  
And Migration ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Welfare State

We use historical census data to show that Sweden exhibited high levels of intergenerational occupational mobility several decades before the rise of the welfare state. Mobility rates were higher than in other 19th- and 20th-century European countries, closer to those observed in the highly mobile 19th-century United States. We leverage mobility variation across Swedish municipalities to shed light on potential determinants: economic growth and migration are positively correlated with mobility, consistent with the patterns observed across countries.

Economic Growth, Labor Market Segmentation, and Labor Productivity

2017 ◽  
pp. 345-370
Author(s):  
Tulus T. H. Tambunan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Market Segmentation ◽  
Asian Financial Crisis ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Market Policy ◽  
Labor Market Segmentation ◽  
Total Labor ◽  
Macroeconomic Management

This chapter examines economic growth, labor market segmentation, informal employment, and labor productivity in Indonesia from 1990-2015. It shows four important facts. First, Indonesia was ever among countries in Southeast Asia with the highest economic growth before the country was severely hit by the Asian financial crisis in 1997/98. In 1999, the country started to recover, and since then, the economy has performed exceptionally well until these days. Second, total employment increased continuously, although as a percentage of total labor force, it tends to decline. Second, total labor productivity also continued to increase. Third, employment is still dominated by the informal sector. This chapter also discusses labor market policy in Indonesia. This chapter concludes that there are many factors that simultaneously determine directly or indirectly the growth of labor productivity, including good macroeconomic management and effective labor market policies.

Implications of higher retirement age for the labor market

2017 ◽  
pp. 22-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ivanova ◽  
A. Balaev ◽  
E. Gurvich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Demographic Projections ◽  
The Impact

The paper considers the impact of the increase in retirement age on labor supply and economic growth. Combining own estimates of labor participation and demographic projections by the Rosstat, the authors predict marked fall in the labor force (by 5.6 million persons over 2016-2030). Labor demand is also going down but to a lesser degree. If vigorous measures are not implemented, the labor force shortage will reach 6% of the labor force by the period end, thus restraining economic growth. Even rapid and ambitious increase in the retirement age (by 1 year each year to 65 years for both men and women) can only partially mitigate the adverse consequences of demographic trends.

Gender Gaps in the Labor Market and Economic Growth

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre-Richard Agenor ◽  
Kamer Karakurum Ozdemir ◽  
Emmanuel Pinto Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Gender Gaps
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