Youth Unemployment in Turkey

This book chapter describes the recent trends in youth unemployment in Turkey by taking into account the causes of unemployment, and the job search methods of the unemployed. Analyses reveal interesting insights. First, inactivity among youth remains high despite the steep decline in the NEET rate during the last decade. Across age groups and genders, females aged between 20 and 24 have the highest NEET rates. Second, there is a widening gender unemployment gap which underscores gender differences in access to jobs. Third, unemployment rates increase consistently with the level of education. Fourth, while temporary jobs coming to an end is the most common reason for unemployment reported by males, a substantial share of unemployed females is first-time jobs-seekers. As far as policymaking is concerned, education policies as well as timely and well-designed training and job assistance programs are essential for facilitating the youth's entry into stable employment.

The Outlook of Female Labor in Turkey in the Context of Social Gender Perception from a Global Perspective

Women have been seen as cheap labor and have participated in the economic life less than their male counterparts since the Industrial Revolution, where they joined the waged labor pool. Though the reasons for the women's low participation in the workforce are various; Turkey's current social structure in particular and the social gender perception which acts as the base of this structure emerge as key determinants. For this reason, establishing the general status of female labor in Turkey and comparing the international and national statistical data from a global perspective around the social gender inequality and the distribution of labor based on social gender is the purpose of this study.

The EU's Internal Market and the Free Movement of Labor

Free mobility of labor has been the core element of the European integration process. The aim of this chapter is to analyze the effects and challenges of the labor mobility within the EU. The analysis then focuses on the recent trends in labor mobility. Cross-border labor mobility remains low in the EU. The main reasons behind the low levels of labor mobility in the EU include linguistic and cultural reasons, as well as non-tariff barriers such as pension rules, recognition of professional qualification or social security differences. Removal of impediments to free mobility of labor and improvement of flexibility of the European labor markets will strengthen the EU's labor market integration.

The Role of International Labour Organization in the Fight Against Modern Slavery

Since the date it was founded to the present day, International Labour Organization (ILO) has been working on developing policy proposals about the problematic areas emerging in working life. Though unemployment is regarded across the world as the source of major problematic areas of economies, the thought of the need for taking the new ‘invisible' work types into the spotlight also as problematic areas is considered significant. This chapter acknowledges this need and is about the fight against modern slavery; in this context, the chapter takes the assessments and reports of ILO on forced labor. Thus, the purpose is to put forth the necessity and importance of fighting against the modern forms of slave labor, expanding on the efforts of the Organization which can cause significant pressure on the government/state level.

Redefining the 21st Century Labor Paradigm

At a time when the Indian subcontinent is beset with a burgeoning population, rapid urbanization, and high disposable incomes, the Indian economy is at a precarious stage of balancing demand uncertainties with pressures to minimize bottom line costs. As a consequence, there is great reliance on a dynamic workforce, which comprises of temporary, contract, and casual laborers referred to as the contingent workforce. A talent war is looming on the horizon and employers need to buckle up their workforce armory with an unparalleled employee value proposition, making the business landscape a tricky vehicle to maneuver. A robust strategic framework bolstered by prudent workforce management will aid an organization to fulfill its goals while isolating it from any legal liability. Technology can be used to leverage data analytically for job assessment and aid in seamless project execution. In sum, an approach sensitive to the legal, technological and psychological pillars of managing workers provides a comprehensive mechanism to counter issues associated with contingent workforce management.

Technology Adoption for Addressing Precarious Youth Employment Issue

This study critically analyzes precarious youth employment in Bangladesh having a specific focus on her tourism industry. Traditionally, the tourism economy of Bangladesh is considered as promising. This research arguably identifies the tourism industry of Bangladesh encouraging conceptual precarious youth employment. From theoretical perspective, this chapter addresses the Theory of Scientific Management of Frederick Taylor (1911) and the Systems Theory of Dunlop (1958) in this context. This conceptual study understands precarious youth employment in the Bangladesh tourism and relates relevance of the two theories mentioned. Based on arguments, this study outlines the role of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as a latent option to minimize issues generated from precarious youth employment. An in-depth analysis offers policy suggestions for the betterment of youth employment in the Bangladesh tourism industry.

The Role of Entrepreneurial Spirit in Indonesian Youths and Housewives to Reduce Unemployment and Poverty Rate

Unemployment and poverty are problems experienced especially by developing countries. The higher level of unemployment and poverty will lead the higher level of crime. The unemployment rate in Indonesia in August 2014 is 5.94% or 7,244,905 people, and 4% of Indonesian people living on less than $1.25 a day. One of the things that can reduce the unemployment rate and the percentage of poor people is entrepreneurship. This chapter wants to explain that the level of unemployment and poverty can be minimized by the spirit of entrepreneurship of housewives and youths, who has a micro, small, and medium business. From six women and youth entrepreneurs who start their micro and small business that described in this book chapter, it can be seen that their effort could empower themselves and make themselves and their family exit from poverty. But, they are facing barriers to starting up. The government must push and encourage Indonesian people to become an entrepreneur by designing entrepreneurship development program, which includes government, educational institution, and family.

The Labor Market Regulation

This article aims to provide an analytical and critical reading of the state of knowledge on legislation relating to employment protection (EPL) and its impacts on unemployment, jobs creation, productivity and more generally efficiency of the labor market. We show that the construction of indicators of EPL adopted by the OECD is incomplete and does not take into account local specificities of each labor market. We also show that the dominant idea among liberals that any regulations impeding freedom of the labor market generates unemployment and loss of effectiveness is not so obvious to verify empirically and can even be contradicted. In this analysis, we rely on a critical review of theoretical and empirical studies which have examined the effects of EPL. We also discuss some alternatives such as bonus-malus system or the single contract that have been put forward to address the limitations of a relatively strict EPL.

Effects of Islamic Banking on Employment

Islamic Banking (IB) holds the potential of creating positive impacts upon the economy thanks to its governing principles. An extension of this potential is that the employment should be positively affected by Islamic banks. This study comparatively investigates the relationship between Islamic and private commercial banking loan and sectorial employment in Turkish economy through Granger causality method. The loans offered by IBs affect employment in manufacturing and construction sectors whereas such an impact is not identified for others. Therefore, in sectors with the exception of these two, there is no finding suggesting that IBs have positive impacts in respect to employment on real economy.

The Puzzle on Unemployment Factors and the Welfare State Role in Greece

In an era of major technological, digital and scientific achievement, in the modern post-industrial globalized society of great contradictions, problems and conflicts, the unemployment phenomenon, which affects young people to a greater extent, is exacerbated. Greece is the country that was affected more than any other country in southern Europe by the multiple effects of the economic crisis, which among others catapulted youth unemployment to unprecedented levels. This chapter presents a research on views and attitudes analysis of male and female students of higher education in Greece towards unemployment as a social phenomenon, towards stereotypical attitudes on unemployment, as well as towards the ways and forms of the research phenomenon configuration. Subsequently, this research attempts to record, analyze and interpret the students' views and attitudes towards the Greek welfare state, thoroughly studying the correlations of all the above data.