scholarly journals CABARAN HIDUP PENGHIDAP HIV DALAM KALANGAN WANITA

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-94
Author(s):  
Mashrom Muda
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Complex Dynamic ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
Changing Trends ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Global Health Issue ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Almost All

The spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been detected for almost 40 years, beginning in the 1980s and still remains a global health issue. HIV-positive infections can now be detected in almost all countries, including Malaysia. The cross-border, complex, dynamic and unpredictable nature of HIV makes the epidemic a global issue and not simply a domestic issue of any particular country. The changing trends of infection are also causing fear to many as more cases are being detected among individuals not involved in risky activities, such as drug abuse and prostitution among women and teenagers. Consequently, the challenges faced by persons with HIV are different for every segment. Specifically, HIV-positive women (PHW) have also been found to face more severe consequences than their male counterparts due to factors such as inequality of power and opportunities and gender differences. This study is conducted to examine the challenges and their effects to understanding what PHWs face. A qualitative study conducted on 20 PHWs found various challenges faced by these women, such as unstable health; being stigmatised and discriminated against; and negatively labelled by family members and members of society in various situations. The challenges faced by the PHWs indirectly affect many aspects of their lives, such as receiving insufficient social support; denied rights and opportunities to seek treatment and employment; barred from community activities; inability to make decisions; and always being in a state of grief, frustration and stress. Therefore, support is desperately needed by the PHW to rebuild their lives.

The Complexity of Work for Women who are HIV Positive: A Case Study in DKI Jakarta

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Andi Nur Faizah
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Categories ◽  
Living With Hiv

<p>The phenomenon of HIV-AIDS transmission places women in a difficult situation. The loss of family members such as husbands due to AIDS leaves women living with HIV positive in a struggle to access sources of livelihood. The condition of themselves as PLWHA, concerns about being stigmatized, caring for family members, and earning a living are the burdens of life they have to face. In this regard, this paper explores the complexity of the work of HIV-positive women. This study uses a qualitative method with a feminist perspective to get a complete picture of the livelihood of HIV-positive women. Based on interviews with five HIV-positive women, the findings found a link between social, identity, and gender categories that affect their livelihoods. HIV-positive women also transform themselves into their “normal” self by pretending to be healthy, able to work, have quality, and be independent. This is done as a form of resistance to the stigma attached to PLWHA.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Identification of Genetic Variants of Human Papillomavirus in a Group of Mexican HIV/AIDS Patients and Their Possible Association with Cervical Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-509
Author(s):  
FELIPE ORTIZ-GUTIÉRREZ ◽  
LILIA SÁNCHEZ-MINUTTI ◽  
JOSÉ F. MARTÍNEZ-HERRERA ◽  
INDIANA D. TORRES-ESCOBAR ◽  
ELIAS B. PEZZAT-SAID ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Regional Population ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Infections caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) cause thousands of deaths worldwide each year. So far, there has been no consensus on whether there is a direct relationship between the incidence of neoplasms and the immunosuppression caused by HIV that could help understand if coinfection increases the likelihood of cervical cancer. The objective of the study was to identify the presence of genetic variants of HPV in a group of HIV-positive women and their possible association with cervical cancer. Cervical samples were taken from HIV-positive patients for cytological analysis to identify the HPV genotype by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. The most preva¬lent L1 capsid protein mutations in the HPV genotype were ana¬lyzed in silico. Various types of HPV were identified, both high-risk (HR) and low-risk (LR). The most prevalent genotype was HPV51. Analysis of the L1 gene sequences of HPV51 isolates showed nucleo¬tide variations. Of the samples analyzed in Puebla, Mexico, HPV51 had the highest incidence (17.5%, 7/40). Different mutations, which could be used as population markers, were detected in this area, and they have not been reported in the L1 databases for HPV51 in Mexico. Genotypes 6, 14, 86, 87, 89, and 91, not detected or reported in samples from patients with HPV in Mexico, were also identified. Data from the population analyzed suggest no direct relationship between HIV immunosuppression and cervical cancer, regardless of the high- or low-risk HPV genotype. Furthermore, it is possible to develop regional population markers for the detection of HPV based on the mutations that occur in the sequence of nucleotides analyzed.

scholarly journals Human papillomavirus type-specific risk of cervical cancer in a population with high human immunodeficiency virus prevalence: case–control study

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 2784-2791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pontus Naucler ◽  
Flora Mabota da Costa ◽  
Joao Leopoldo da Costa ◽  
Otto Ljungberg ◽  
Antonio Bugalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hpv 16 ◽  
Cervical Cancer Risk ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Negative

There are limited data on human papillomavirus (HPV) type-specific cervical cancer risk among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women. Previous studies have suggested that HPV 16 would be relatively less important as a causative agent among HIV-positive compared with HIV-negative women. This study investigates HPV type-specific cervical cancer risk in a population in which HIV is endemic. At the Central Hospital, Maputo, Mozambique, 221 cervical cancer cases and 203 hospital-based controls were consecutively enrolled. HPV typing from cervical samples, HIV testing and recording of socio-demographic factors were performed. Logistic regression modelling was used to assess HPV type-specific risk and effect modification between HIV and HPV infection. Infection with HPV 16, 18 and ‘high-risk non-HPV 16/18 types’ (HPV 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58 and 59) was associated with cervical cancer in both crude and adjusted analyses. HPV 16 and 18 were the most common types detected in cancer biopsies among both HIV-negative and HIV-positive women. There was no significant evidence of effect modification between any HPV type and HIV infection, and there were no significant differences in the HPV type-specific prevalence when cervical cancers among HIV-positive and HIV-negative women were compared. Within the limitations of the study, the relative importance of different HPV types in cervical carcinogenesis appears not to be modified greatly by HIV infection, suggesting that HPV vaccines might not need to be type-specifically modified to be suitable for populations where HIV is endemic.

scholarly journals Socio-Demographic Factors and Epidemiological Characteristics of HIV-Positive Pregnant Women with High Risk of Vertical Transmission of the Immunodeficiency Virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-569
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Vanyarkina ◽  
Alla Petrova ◽  
Lyubov Rychkova ◽  
Ekaterina Moskaleva ◽  
Evgeniya Novikova
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Social History ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

The purpose of this study was to determine the features of the course of pregnancy, delivery, and the postpartum period in HIV-positive women with a high risk of HIV vertical transmission. Methods and Results: A retrospective, longitudinal cohort study of mother-child pairs for the period from 2017 to 2019 was conducted in the Irkutsk City Perinatal Center (level III). The clinical observation group included HIV-positive women (n=213) and their newborn children with a high risk of perinatal immunodeficiency virus transmission (n=214). The findings of the conducted study demonstrated that most HIV-seropositive women with a high risk of HIV vertical transmission had an aggravated social history, a high prevalence of pelvic inflammatory diseases, and a high incidence of opportunistic and AIDS-defining conditions. Evaluation of PMTCT preventive complex showed that the target parameters in women with a high risk of HIV transmission were not reached: the first stage was performed for 49.3% of pregnant women with good ART adherence, the second stage – for 97.1% of obstetric patients, the third stage – in 100% of HIV perinatally exposed children. HIV RNA was detected in 3.7% of children, which evidences their antenatal infection. Conclusion: Development of efficient communication with HIV-positive women aimed at preservation of their health and decrease of logistic barriers to access to medical care.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Genotypes in Cervicovaginal Secretions of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Positive Indian Women and Correlation With Clinico-Virological Parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahima Lall ◽  
Lalit Dar ◽  
Neerja Bhatla ◽  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Aashish Choudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Hpv 16 ◽  
Cd4 Counts ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hpv Genotypes ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Hiv Seropositive

Introduction and Background: Both human papillomavirus (HPV) and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are sexually transmitted. High-risk (HR) HPV types are a causal factor in cervical cancer. Persistent HPV infection in this subset of immunocompromised women results in faster disease progression. The study determined the prevalence of HPV genotypes in cervicovaginal secretions of HIV seropositive women and the correlation with CD4 counts and cytology.Method: One hundred, non-pregnant, HIV-positive women of 18 years of age and above were enrolled in this cross-sectional study following approval by the institutional ethical committee. A written consent, questionnaire, followed by sample collection including a Papanicolaou (Pap) smear for cytology was undertaken. Cervicovaginal secretion samples were collected in the Digene® specimen transport medium (STM) (Qiagen Gaithersburg Inc., MD, USA). HPV genotyping was carried out with PCR amplification of a 65-base pair (bp) fragment in the L1 region of the HPV genome using the short PCR fragment (SPF10) primers followed by reverse hybridization by line probe assay (LPA) using the INNOLiPA HPV Genotyping Extra kit (Fujirebio, Belgium). Quantitation of HPV-16 and−18 viral loads (VLs) was done by real-time PCR. Results of Pap smear cytology were correlated with CD4 counts and HPV-16 and−18 VLs.Results: Mean age of the subjects was 34.9 years ± 7.2 years (median 33.0 years, range 24–60 years). HPV was detected in 62 of 93 (66.6%) samples. Twenty (32.25%) of these 62 samples harbored a single HPV genotype. Multiple genotypes (more than two) were detected in 38 (61.3%) samples. HPV-16 was the commonest genotype detected in 26 (27.9%) of all samples and 41.9% of HPV positive samples. Pap smear cytology was reported for 93 women included in the study. Women who had normal cytology were reported as negative for intraepithelial malignancy or lesion (NILM; n = 62; 71.36%), two women had a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL; n = 11), atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS; n = 12). Those smears with inadequate material were reported as scant (n = 6). The median CD4 count was 363/cu.mm (range 39–787) in HPV-positive women compared to 423/cu.mm (range 141–996) in those HPV-negative women. Quantitation of HPV-16 and−18 VL was done in duplicate for samples positive by PCR reverse hybridization (INNOLiPA). Of these 20 samples (65%), 12 samples were positive by real-time PCR. The normalized HPV-16 VL ranged between 18 and 240,000 copies/cell. The normalized HPV-18 VL in cervical samples ranged between ~24 and 60,000 copies/cell.Conclusion: HIV-positive women may be infected with multiple genotypes other than HPV-16 and−18. This may have implications on the vaccines available currently which target few specific genotypes only. Studies are required to determine the predictive role of HR HPV genotypes, in significant copy numbers especially in HIV seropositive women. It would be clinically relevant if the HPV VLs, cervical cytology, and CD4 counts are considered into cervical cancer screening programs for triage and follow-up of these women.

scholarly journals Human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes and HPV16 variants in human immunodeficiency virus-positive Italian women

2008 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1380-1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Lina Tornesello ◽  
Maria Luisa Duraturo ◽  
Paolo Giorgi-Rossi ◽  
Matilde Sansone ◽  
Roberto Piccoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hpv Genotypes ◽  
Italian Women ◽  
Hiv Negative

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women have high rates of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) and concurrent human papillomavirus (HPV) infections with a variety of genotypes whose oncogenic risk is poorly documented. The prevalence and persistence of HPV genotypes and HPV16 variants were analysed in 112 HIV-positive and 115 HIV-negative Italian women. HIV-positive women were more likely than HIV-negative women to be infected by HPV at the initial examination (39.3 vs 13.9 %, P<0.001) and to have a higher period prevalence of HPV infection over a 3-year follow-up (43.8 % vs 17.4 %, P<0.001), regardless of CD4+ cell counts and anti-retroviral therapy. ‘High-risk’ and ‘probable high-risk’ HPVs (types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 52, 58 and 66), among the 20 different viral genotypes identified, were predominant in HIV-positive (33.9 %) compared with HIV-negative (13.9 %) women. Among HIV-infected women, with normal cytology as well as with SIL of any grade, the most common genotypes were HPV16 followed by HPV81, -58, -72, -33 and -62. HPV16 isolates from 18 HIV-positive and eight HIV-negative women were classified into variant lineages based on sequencing analysis of E6 and E7 genes and the long control region. Whilst the HPV16 G350 European variant was prevalent in both HIV-positive (10.7 %) and -negative women (3.5 %), HPV16 African 2 variant was only detected in HIV-positive women (3.6 %), suggesting different sexual mixing behaviours. The increased prevalence of uncommon viral genotypes and HPV16 variants in HIV-positive Italian women underscores the need to target a wide range of HPV types in cervical screening of high-risk women.

scholarly journals Abnormal cervical cytology amongst women infected with human immunodeficiency virus in Limpopo province, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel T. Ntuli ◽  
Eric Maimela ◽  
Linda Skaal ◽  
Mabina Mogale ◽  
Provia Lekota
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Abnormal Cytology ◽  
Abnormal Cervical Cytology ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Background: Cervical cancer remains the major public problem worldwide and the most common gynaecological malignancy in the developing world, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.Aim: To determine the prevalence of abnormal cervical cytology amongst women with and without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and examine the association between HIV and histological grading.Setting: The study was conducted in Limpopo province, which is the northernmost province of South Africa. The province has five district municipalities with one tertiary, five regional and thirty four district hospitals.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed cervical cancer cases in Limpopo province (LP) of South Africa, using data collected routinely by the National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS). The data on smears submitted for cytology between 2013 and 2015 were extracted from the Central Data Warehouse (CDW) database.Results: A total of 84 466 women were screened for cervical cytology smears. Their mean age was 39.8 ± 13.6 years, with range from 15 to 113 years; 77.2% were in the age group 30 years and older and 19.6% had an abnormal cervical cytology result. Overall, 46.4% of the women screened for cervical cancer were HIV infected. A significantly higher proportion of HIV-positive women had abnormal cytology than HIV-negative women (31.8% vs. 9.2%).Conclusion: The prevalence of abnormal cytology amongst HIV-positive women is relatively high, and the risk appears to be significantly greater in all age groups. This finding highlights the need to ascertain HIV status of all women presenting with cervical cancer.

scholarly journals Management of giant condyloma acuminatum on HIVAIDS patients with limited healthcare facilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-117
Author(s):  
Stanley Ariestia Tanjaya ◽  
Flora Debby Ngolo ◽  
Wahyu Setyo Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Zinc Supplementation ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Condyloma Acuminatum ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Hiv Positive Women ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Conservative And Surgical Treatment

AbstractGiant Condyloma Acuminatum (GCA) or Buschke-Lowenstein Tumour (BLT) is a unique variant of condyloma acuminatum. The incidence of this disease tends to increase due to the increasing prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. Until now, there is no therapeutic guideline for GCA, and many therapeutic options are not available for one in limited healthcare facilities. We present one case of GCA in HIV-positive women treated in health centers with limited facilities in a rural area. We treat the patient by doing a sitz bath with povidone-iodine 1%, simple excision with electrocautery for the tumour, adequate analgetics, regular wound care, and zinc supplementation acts as immunotherapy. Complications of wound infection by candida caused the lengthy hospitalization of the patient. After discharge, the patient came for control every week; no other lump arises again, and the wound was getting better. A combination of conservative and surgical treatment followed by regular wound care can lead to a good result in the GCA case, even with minimal healthcare facilities.

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