scholarly journals CONCEPTS AND BASIS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN ISLAMIC GOVERNMENT PERSPECTIVE

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-256
Author(s):  
Zarul Arifin ◽  
Sri Sudono Saliro
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
International Relations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Territorial Boundaries ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Government Perspective

After the Muslims spread Islam throughout the universe, the contact of the Muslims with the a‘jam nations had entered a new chapter in international relations. Territorial boundaries displayed in plain sight do not make Muslims limit themselves in interactions between countries. The relationship between Muslims and other nations is inspired by the teachings of Islam itself, which requires Muslims always to maintain peace between Muslims and internal and external Muslims. Islam has laid the foundation of peace in international relations with one main stipulation that Muslims are not allowed even to interfere in the internal affairs of other nations. The methodology used in this research is to use a literature review approach, namely reviewing the literature related to this research. The purpose of this study is to reveal how Islam regulates relations with non-Muslims, both in the territory of Islam and with the region of non-Muslims, as exemplified by the Prophet Muhammad how he established links with the Quraish infidels through the Hudaybiyah agreement and with the other unbelievers such as the agreement contained in the Medina Charter. The results of this study revealed that since the time of the Prophet Muhammad, SAW had taught to have good relations with other nations, and it was passed on by the companions of the Prophet, even regarding today how each country should maintain good relations with other countries and of course it can be profitable for both countries.

scholarly journals CONCEPTS AND BASIS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC GOVERNMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-94
Author(s):  
Zarul Arifin Sri Sudono Saliro
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Territorial Boundaries ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Universe ◽  
New Phase

After Islam was spread by the Muslims throughout the universe, the contact of the Muslims with the a'jam nations had entered a new phase in international relations. Territorial boundaries that are displayed in plain sight do not make Muslims limit themselves in interactions between nations. The relationship that occurs between Muslims and other nations is inspired by the teachings of Islam itself which requires Muslims to always maintain peace between Muslims and internal and external Muslims. Islam has laid the foundation for peace in international relations with a basic stipulation that Muslims are not justified even if they interfere with the internal affairs of other nations

scholarly journals Chinese Interests in Pakistan: A Study in Regional Perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol III (I) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amir ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan ◽  
Saira Bano
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Regional Perspective

The present study is an effort to analyze the mode and intensity of Chinese interests in Pakistan. By examining the policy of pursuit in finding another market in the region, the study aims to understand the current warmth of the relationship between China and Pakistan. Although maintaining a perpetually friendly relationship with China has always been a cornerstone of Pakistan’s foreign policy, yet strengthening this relationship into a structured partnership remained a gradual process in the light of their mutual interests. In the politics of international relations, the relationship between countries is a complex interaction of pragmatic national interests, which are multifaceted and could take an alternate course with changing regional and international scenarios. As both Pakistan and China share many common political, economic and strategic interests due to which both are giving their utmost priority to protect their interests related to the other. This paper will investigate the situation where it is commonly believed that China is inevitable by avoiding the vice-versa. No doubt common threats and challenges faced by both the nation is the major cause to unite them in terms of security, political, economic and strategic fronts.

Islam and international law

2005 ◽  
Vol 87 (858) ◽  
pp. 269-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheikh Wahbeh al-Zuhili
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Rules And Principles ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article by an Islamic scholar describes the principles governing international law and international relations from an Islamic viewpoint. After presenting the rules and principles governing international relations in the Islamic system, the author emphasizes the principles of sovereignty and non-interference in the internal affairs of other States and the aspiration of Islam to peace and harmony. He goes on to explain the relationship between Muslims and others in peacetime or in the event of war and the classical jurisprudential division of the world into the abode of Islam (dar al-islam) and that of war (dar al-harb). Lastly he outlines the restrictions imposed upon warfare by Islamic Shari'a law which have attained the status of legal rules.

God′s Body: Epistemic and Ritual Conceptions from Sanskrit Texts of Logic

Paragrana ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
Gérard Colas
Keyword(s):  
Image Of God ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Images ◽  
Natural Laws ◽  
Sacred Texts ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Image Of God ◽  
The Universe

AbstractDiscussions on the nature of the relationship between a god, his body and his material representation are almost non-existent in the Hindu devotional perspective, where such concerns are superfluous. Hindu theological and ritual Sanskrit texts, on the other hand, applied procedures of reasoning with regard to that relationship. This rationalization however accommodated rather than conflicted with the devotional attitude. Their attempt to clarify their stand vis-à-vis god′s body and material image followed from ideological or technical requirements. This was done sometimes systematically, as in the Viśiṣṭādvaita school of philosophy where the ritual image is declared to be “a divine descent (of God) for the purpose of worship”; sometimes incidentally, as in ritual manuals, where the process of changing statues into divine bodies is described.But why should gods have a body at all? While some contend that they do not possess any body, others assert that they possess several at the same time, yet others infer the necessity of a body for God to create the universe, to reveal sacred texts, etc. These are some arguments and counter-arguments found in theological texts. The nature of the hierarchy between divine descents and images (which may or may not be considered as real bodies of gods) is another aspect of the discussion.Another question is the various ways in which ritual texts consider the relation between a god and his image. While immediacy characterizes the relation between the devotee and the image of god, the relation between ritual and image is far from being spontaneous. Rituals insure the presence of a god in an image through a technico-mystical process consisting of successive stages and involving patrons, astrologers, artists, priests and others. The final product, namely a concrete god-cum-image, is fit for devotion, but remains for ever fragile, dependent on the continuity of rites and on the material preservation of the image. Behind the ritual perspective also lies the notion that this process of creating a body for a god is in keeping with “natural” laws. Hindu ritual prescriptions are applicable only to the religious images which, though man-made, are considered as “natural”. Supra-natural divine images, known as “self-manifested” images, must be worshiped, but are beyond the range of these prescriptions.

Empires, systems and states: great transformations in international politics

2001 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Cox ◽  
Tim Dunne ◽  
Ken Booth
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
International Relations ◽  
International Politics ◽  
The Other ◽  
International History ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

‘History is too important to be left to the historians”.The relationship between history, international history and international relations has never been an easy or a particularly amicable one. To talk of a cold war may be something of an exaggeration, but it does capture something about the way in which the various subjects tended to regard the other for the greater part of the post-war period. Thus practising historians and international historians appeared to have little time for each other, and together had even less for those seeking to establish the new discipline of International Relations.

No War Pact

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-116
Author(s):  
Pallavi Raghavan
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
World Views ◽  
The World ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Jawaharlal Nehru ◽  
The Relationship

The No War Pact correspondence between Jawaharlal Nehru and Liaquat Ali Khan is interesting for several reasons: its timing, the personalities, the possibilities it seemed to offer for the relationship ship, and the glimpses it offered into the world views of India and Pakistan during the 1950s. The Evacuee Property Conferences, as well as the refugee crisis in Bengal formed the immediate context in which Liaquat Ali Khan and Nehru opened negotiations on a possible No War Pact. In many ways, moreover, the correspondence also shows how deeply connected the shaping of foreign policy was with domestic politics—India’s and Pakistan’s international relations were shaped out of the domestic concerns of both nation. One reason that the correspondence was taking place at all was that it could offer the possibility of some movement on the questions of water and evacuee property. The correspondence offered an opportunity for India and Pakistan to clarify their positions internationally as mutually exclusive entities: at the same time, it was also for progress in leading to more accommodative outcomes for talks around the agenda of separation. This chapter shows that the business of going about disentangling oneself from the other did not in fact necessarily mandate international stances that had to be hostile to one another: they could also be built upon an attempt at dialogue.

scholarly journals Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları ileGelir Eşitsizliği İlişkisi: Literatür İncelemesi

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-64
Author(s):  
Yeter Kaplan ◽  
Munise Tuba Aktaş
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Relationship

In the literature, it is possible to come across studies examining the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on income inequality. In this study, a literature review has been conducted in order to better consideration the effect of FDI on income inequality. In this context, the main purpose of the study is to reveal the effect of FDI on income inequality within the framework of theoretical approaches based on empirical study findings. In addition, the study aims to contribute to the debates on the effects of foreign direct investment on income inequality. The findings of the studies on the relationship between FDI and income inequality shows differences. In some of the studies examined, there are findings supporting that FDI increases income and wage inequality. On the other hand, some other studies have found evidences that FDI reduces income inequality. Otherwise, there are also studies showing that FDI does not have a significant effect on income inequality.

scholarly journals Os bispos e a Igreja do Brasil em Puebla. Memória de algumas contribuições para a III Conferência Geral do Episcopado Latino-Americano vistos há 40 anos de distância

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (314) ◽  
pp. 713
Author(s):  
Reuberson Ferreira ◽  
Ney De Souza
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Third ◽  
Puebla De Los Angeles ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apontar a relação entre a III Conferência Geral do Episcopado Latino-Americano celebrada no final de janeiro e início de fevereiro de 1979 em Puebla de Los Angeles (México) e os Bispos do Brasil; indicar quem foram os Bispos do Brasil que de Puebla tomaram parte e em quais aspectos eles contribuíram. Tal colaboração será externada em duas vertentes. De um lado, a contribuição dos Bispos do Brasil enquanto Conferência Episcopal Nacional; de outro, a colaboração pessoal de prelados, especialmente Aloísio Lorscheider e Luciano Mendes de Almeida, que, ou por sua liderança natural no episcopado Latino-Americano ou por suas opções e testemunhos eclesiológicos, influíram profundamente em posições assumidas no Documento Final. A metodologia de pesquisa será da revisão de literatura. As fontes serão arquivos do CNBB, CELAM e publicações contemporâneas a conferência de 1979. Abstract: The purpose of this article is to point out the relationship between the Third General Conference of Latin American Episcopate held in late January and early February 1979 in Puebla de Los Angeles (Mexico) and the Bishops of Brazil; pointing out the bishops of Brazil who took part in Puebla and in what aspects they contributed. Such collaboration will be expressed in two parts. On the one hand, the contribution of the bishops of Brazil as National Episcopal Conference; On the other hand, the personal collaboration of prelates especially Aloísio Lorscheider and Luciano Mendes de Almeida who either by their natural leadership in the Latin American episcopate or by their ecclesiological options and testimonies have profoundly influenced positions assumed in the Final Document. The research methodology will be from the literature review. The sources will be archives from CNBB, CELAM and contemporary publications at the 1979 conference.Keywords: Puebla; Bishops of Brazil; Contribution; Final Document; Latin America.

scholarly journals “Non vide mei di me chi vide il vero”: l’arte “verace” nel girone dei superbi come mise en abyme dell’arte dantesca nella Commedia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Maria Maślanka-Soro
Keyword(s):  
Divine Comedy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mise En Abyme ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Divine Comedy ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Universe

“Non vide mei di me chi vide il vero”: L’art “verace” in the circle of proud as a mise en abyme of Dante’s art in the Comedy The purpose of this study is to discuss the problem of meta-poetic themes in the Divine Comedy, focusing in particular on the relationship between God’s art and Dante’s art in the context of the impression caused by the sight of the rock reliefs in the cornice of the proud in the Purgatorio, where the poet, presenting and imitating the art of God, in fact shows the mastery of his own art. The analysis leads to the conclusion that the examples of humility and pride carved on the walls and the rock path – the perfect work of God-the Artist, vibrant with life and called by Dante visibile parlare – are, on the one hand, a mise en abyme of its macroscopic version, which is the Universe created by him, and, on the other hand, a mise en abyme of the universe narrated with the simile perfection by Dante.

Why Comparative International Law Needs International Relations Theory

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Abebe
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
International Relations Theory ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter challenges the conventional wisdom that international relations theory has nothing to offer scholars interested in comparative international law. It argues that comparativists should not underestimate the value of international relations theory in explaining how and why certain states adopt particular interpretations of international law. While international relations theory cannot explain the evolution of specific doctrines, it can be very useful in understanding the general approaches to international law that states embrace. The chapter develops the connection between domestic institutional design and the interpretation of international law on one side, and realism, institutionalism, and liberalism on the other. It argues that greater consideration of the relationship among power, domestic institutional design, and international relations theory paradigms will not only prove fruitful for the comparative international law project but also for those thinking about the aims of international law and the operation of international politics.

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