Evaluation of Ecological Economics in the Context of Ontology, Epistemology and Methodology

There is no clear consensus on what will be the ontological foundations of ecological economics. A similar situation is valid for the epistemologies related to ecological economics and the methodologies to be constructed afterward. In this study, evaluations have been made on the subject area, which tries to contribute from many fundamentals. As a result of the evaluations, it was concluded that instead of subjective judgments about the foundation that is in the process of being formed, the ecological reality dominated by causation can be beneficial for a more effective scientific activity.

Tüketicilerin Pandemi Sürecindeki Satın Alma Davranışlarının Cinsiyetlere Göre İncelenmesi

The COVID-19 pandemic that emerged in late 2019 significantly affected the whole world. Policies used by governments to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic have also affected the behavior of consumers. It is not easy to predict how the pandemic, which emerged as an unusual situation, will affect the purchasing behavior of consumers. In the study, it is aimed to investigate the effect of COVID-19 on the purchasing behavior of consumers depending on the gender factor. For this purpose, the survey method was applied in the study. The sample of the study consists of 397 people. The study was conducted on Turkey. T-test and variance analysis were used in this survey study. According to the findings obtained as a result of the research, it has been determined that the behavior of consumers changed significantly during the COVID-19 period and these changes were especially aimed at meeting the physiological and safety needs, which are one of their basic needs. A significant difference was observed in the behaviors of women and men. It has been observed that women shop more in case of panic, while men are more interested in online consumption. There have also been cases where men and women exhibit similar behavior. For example, it has been found that the demand for healthy nutrition and hygiene products has increased significantly for both women and men during the epidemic period.

Significant Issues of Nuclear Energy Investment Decisions for Energy Importer Countries

Nuclear energy investments are important for the social and economic development of countries. Thanks to these investments, no carbon gas is released into the atmosphere while providing energy. This situation prevents the environmental pollution problem. On the other hand, nuclear energy contributes to countries to obtain uninterrupted electricity. However, the installation of nuclear power plants is now difficult. A serious technological infrastructure is required to build these facilities. This situation is especially important for countries that do not yet have nuclear power plants. In order to increase the use of nuclear energy in these countries, support from nuclear energy companies is required. However, nuclear energy investors may not want to invest in every country. In this study, the factors that affect the investment decisions of nuclear energy investors are analyzed. In this framework, a detailed literature analysis was performed, and 4 different criteria were determined. An analysis was carried out using the Entropy method to determine the most important factor among these factors. According to the results of the analysis, it is determined that the socio-political factors in the country have the most importance in the decisions of nuclear energy investors. Considering these issues, it is understood that countries should pay attention to public acceptance to attract the attention of nuclear energy investors.

Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatırımları ileGelir Eşitsizliği İlişkisi: Literatür İncelemesi

In the literature, it is possible to come across studies examining the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on income inequality. In this study, a literature review has been conducted in order to better consideration the effect of FDI on income inequality. In this context, the main purpose of the study is to reveal the effect of FDI on income inequality within the framework of theoretical approaches based on empirical study findings. In addition, the study aims to contribute to the debates on the effects of foreign direct investment on income inequality. The findings of the studies on the relationship between FDI and income inequality shows differences. In some of the studies examined, there are findings supporting that FDI increases income and wage inequality. On the other hand, some other studies have found evidences that FDI reduces income inequality. Otherwise, there are also studies showing that FDI does not have a significant effect on income inequality.

The Covid-19’s Impact on Stock Prices among Different Sectors - An Event Study Based on the Istanbul Stock Exchange Market

The Covid-19 pandemic has deeply affected our health and social life as well as the financial markets. Although the global economic effects of the coronavirus are not yet clear, it is observed that there is a reaction in the financial markets to the developments related to the pandemic. Studies show that the pandemic has strong impact on stock markets and increases uncertainty. The purpose of this study is to examine whether the stock prices of companies traded on the Istanbul Stock Exchange Market between 02.14.2019 and 04.01.2020 are affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. In this context, the stock prices of the six major sectors traded and thought to be affected in Istanbul Stock Exchange Market during the period examined were analyzed using the "event study" method of the effects of Corona virus. In the analysis, the event window was taken as (- 15, + 15) trading days. The effects of the Corona virus in the relevant period were examined separately for each company in the selected sectors, and after calculating the abnormal returns, the effect on the average abnormal returns and cumulative abnormal returns were analyzed. According to the research results; when the general picture of selected sectors in Covid-19 is examined, statistically significant negative average cumulative abnormal returns are obtained. According to these results, Istanbul Stock Exchange has affected by Covid-19 pandemic during the period under examination.

Türkiye Ekonomisinde Finansallaşma veFiyat İstikrarı İlişkisi

Ekonomide finans sektörünün payının diğer sektörlere nazaran giderek arttığını ifade etmek üzere kullanılan finansallaşma kavramı, 1970’li yılların ortasında başlayan bir süreç olsa da 1980’li yıllarda sermayenin uluslararası nitelik kazanmasıyla birlikte daha da hız kazanmıştır. 1980 sonrası dünya ekonomisinde neo-liberalizmin egemen hale gelmesi ile ekonomiler giderek küreselleşmiş ve finansal piyasalar öne çıkmaya başlamıştır. 20. yüzyılın sonlarından itibaren teknolojik gelişmeler sonucu finansal ürünlerin çeşitliliğinin artması, finansal yatırım ve gelirlerdeki artış, dış ticaret hacminde görülen genişleme ve uluslararası sermayenin dolaşımının hızlanması, finansallaşma sürecinin hız kazanmasında etkili olmuştur. Türkiye ekonomisinde de yaşanan liberalizasyon ile finansallaşma yaşanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye ekonomisinin dışa açılma süreci sonrasında yaşadığı finansallaşma süreci ve bu sürecin fiyat istikrarı ile ilişkisi ele alınmıştır.

Does Monetary Policy and Foreign Direct Investment Have an Influence on the Performance of Stock Market: Further Empirical Evidence from Ghana

Monetary policy, foreign direct investment, and the stock market continue to dominate in discussions in developing countries. However, the linkage between the three variables in empirical literature remains unclear. This study aims to test two separate hypotheses: Firstly, the study examines the effects of monetary policy on stock market performance in Ghana. Secondly, the study also empirically investigates the effect of foreign direct investment on stock market performance in Ghana. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was employed as an estimation strategy to examine the short and long-run effects using annual time series data from 1990 to 2019. The study revealed that monetary policy rate and money supply exerts a statistically significant negative and a positive effect on stock market performance in both the long and short-run in Ghana, respectively. It was also found that foreign direct investment has significant and a positive effect on stock market performance in Ghana in both the long and short run. Total capital stock and volume traded were also found to exert significant positive and negative impacts on stock market performance both in the short and long run respectively. Based on our findings, we recommend that expansionary monetary policy will be a better option to be carried out to improve the stock market performance in Ghana. Furthermore, government and private partnership may ensure the effective management of the macroeconomic variables to attract foreign direct investment into Ghana to boost stock market performance.

Türkiye Ekonomisinde Krizler, Ekonomik Kırılganlık ve Yapısal Reformlar

Today, globalization has gained a different dimension, and with the increase of financial liberalization, internal economic turmoil has become to affect all economies regardless of geographical boundaries. This situation causes economies to remain vulnerable to external shocks and to be dragged into crises. The fact that economies were dragged into crisis due to internal and external shocks and could not recover in a short time brought the concept of fragility to the agenda. This study highlights the relationship between the crisis and the fragility, examines the Turkish economy's crisis and its fragile structure that led to the crisis, then assesses the structural reforms needed to improve its resilience.

Dürtme Bireysel Tasarrufları Etkileyebilir mi?

The policies created by targeting individuals whose decisions are considered to have unlimited rationality are insufficient to solve the problems that have arisen today and in the past. However, being able to influence behavior is very important for public policy, also understanding the impact of people's behavior on the needs of the government and policy choices have recently been made aware of these effects. Individuals exhibiting irrational behavior cause behavioral economics to go a little further every day. The nudging, one of the applications of behavioral economics, aims to prevent irrational behaviors in simple and cost-effective ways and thus to guide individuals to good and right. So much so that the nudge is rapidly becoming an alternative public policy tool in many areas. With nudging, designing and implementing evidence-based, tested policies rather than traditional policy-making processes increases the chances of success of policies. From this point of view, it is only one of these areas to increase individual savings by guiding (nudging) the financial decisions of individuals. Is it really possible to increase individual savings by nudging? The aim of this study is to provide suggestions on whether the individual savings can be increased by nudging in view of how the nudging mechanism works and considering the empirical findings of nudging financial decisions.

The Factors Affecting the Investors’ Decisions: A Study on Nuclear Energy Investments

The aim of this study is to evaluate the indicators affecting the decision of investors in nuclear energy sector within the scope of behavioral economics. There are two different stages in the analysis process in this paper. First, after a detailed literature review, six different behavioral economics biases are selected as the criteria. Secondly, these factors are weighted for the nuclear energy investors. For this purpose, fuzzy DEMATEL methodology is used. The findings indicate that uncertainty avoidance and overconfidence bias are the most essential factors affecting the decision of investors. Similarly, the mental accounting bias and regret avoidance also have important impacts for this situation. However, loss aversion bias and lack of self-control have the lowest weights for the nuclear energy investors. Additionally, with respect to the impact relation map, it is concluded that uncertainty avoidance is the most influencing issue whereas overconfidence bias is identified as the most influenced factor. Our results suggest that that strategies should be implemented to decrease the anxiety of the nuclear energy investments. For this purpose, governments should take some actions to minimize the uncertainty in the market. For instance, providing loans with low interest rate can minimize interest rate risk. This will probably decrease the anxiety of the nuclear energy investors.