scholarly journals Short-term Heart Rate Variability Analysis in Healthy Dogs of Different Ages

2022 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciene Maria Martinello Romão ◽  
Amanda Sarita Cruz Aleixo ◽  
Felipe Gazza Romão ◽  
Mayra De Castro Ferreira Lima ◽  
Miriam Tsunemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Heart Rate Monitor ◽  
Rr Intervals ◽  
Healthy Dogs

Background: The modulation of heart rate by autonomic nervous system may be evaluated by the heart rate variability (HRV), which illustrates the fluctuations between RR intervals. To evaluate this analysis, the intervals between 2 QRS complexes are measured. In general, high HRV values are expected in healthy individuals; otherwise, low values are indicative of organism dysfunction. Studies conducted in healthy humans show that HRV suffers reduction with ageing and that there is autonomic immaturity in neonates. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristic pattern of cardiac autonomic behavior in healthy dogs in different age groups through short-term HRV analysis.Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 87 healthy dogs were studied. HRV was analyzed in time and frequency domain, using Holter and heart rate monitor. It was observed that puppies (below one year old) presented a lower parasympathetic predominance and, consequently, lower HRV values on time domain (SDNN, PNN50% e RMSSD) compared to the other 2 groups and on frequency domain (LF, HF and LF/HF) compared to the adult animals group (between 1 and 7-year-old), which presented higher HRV values when compared to the other groups. Elderly dogs (over 8-year-old) exhibited a natural tendency to decrease cardiac parasympathetic HRV indexes.Discussion: The use of the HRV method as a prognostic index and as an arrhythmogenic marker for various canine heart diseases presents interesting perspectives. However, before it may be employed for these purposes, a better understanding should be established regarding the physiological behavior of autonomic cardiac modulation in different age groups to serve as a basis for future analyses. This study observed that puppies presented higher values for HR and, therefore, shorter RR intervals than the other groups (adult and elderly dogs), what was observed on Holter and heart rate monitor methods (HRM). There were significant differences between puppies and the other 2 groups (adults and elderly) for all time-domain variables using both methods (Holter and HRM methods). SDNN was significantly lower in puppies compared to adults and elderly dogs. In addition, both RMSSD and PNN50%, which were more reliable over shorter periods of time, also presented means and medians that were significantly lower in puppies. Regarding frequency-domain HRV parameters observed on Holter method, these indexes were decreased on the elderly group compared to adult dogs, which is a possible effect of aging. Also, puppies revealed lower frequency-domain HRV parameters on both methods when compared to adult dogs. The influence of age on HRV is possibly related to the stage of development of an individual, starting at conception up to the maturity in relation to the mechanisms that cause variations in HR. There are studies in humans that suggest a gradual increase in parasympathetic activity during childhood, followed by a steady decrease as aging occur. The present study observed the same pattern in dogs. The balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic systems is influenced by age in dogs, which alters HRV values in the short-term. The HRV method´s analysis is relatively simple and non-invasive for assessing cardiac autonomic function; also, it is widely used in human medicine as a risk measure for sudden cardiac death. The 24-hour HRV analysis is highly challenging, as it is time-consuming, expensive, delays diagnosis, and has a large number of artifacts; in this way, standards for its short-term analysis were developed. Keywords: cardiology, autonomic nervous system, heart rate monitor, Holter.

EFFECT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES ON HEART RATE VARIABILITY AND SKIN CONDUCTANCE

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150038
Author(s):  
Ankita Soni ◽  
Kirti Rawal
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Rr Intervals ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Frequency Domain Methods

The sympathetic and parasympathetic function of the Autonomic Nervous System[Formula: see text]ANS[Formula: see text] is the primary cause of the variations in Heart Rate and Skin Conductance[Formula: see text]SC[Formula: see text] during different physical activities. This paper aims to analyze the effect of different physical activities i.e. (a) Supine (b) Standing and (c) Warm-up, on Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and SC. The standard dataset of 18 subjects has been used to analyze the effect of physical activities on the HRV and SC. In the used dataset, the subjects are in supine, standing, and warm-up positions. The linear methods (time domain & frequency domain) of HRV are implemented on the standard dataset for analyzing the effect of physical activities. It has been observed with the analysis of the HRV that the mean value of time domain methods i.e. the NN interval’s standard deviation (SDNN), the successive RR interval’s root mean square (RMSSD), RR intervals with more than 50 ms differences in between them (NN50), percentage of successive RR intervals that have the difference of more than 50 ms (pNN50) are decreased and the value of Heart rate (HR) increased when the activity has been changed from supine to standing and standing to the warm-up positions. The value of frequency domain methods, such as low frequency (LF) and the ratio of low and high frequency (LF/HF) increased, while the value of HF decreases as activity changes from supine to standing and from supine to warm-up position. Further, the increment is also observed in the value of SC when activity is switched from supine to standing and from standing to the warm-up position. It is concluded from the results that there is a significant decrement that is observed in the value of HRV, while the increment is observed in the value of SC and HR. Decrement of HRV reflects that the sympathetic activity is increased as activity changed from supine to standing and further from standing to warm-up positions.

scholarly journals Short-term heart-rate variability in healthy small and medium-sized dogs over a five-minute measuring period

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radu Andrei Baisan ◽  
Eusebiu Ionuț Condurachi ◽  
Vasile Vulpe
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Measuring Period ◽  
Healthy Dogs

AbstractIntroductionFive-minute heart-rate variability (HRV) measurement is a useful tool for assessing the autonomic nervous system (ANS) balance in humans, but there are no studies on healthy dogs. The aim of the study was, therefore, to provide the reference ranges in small and medium-sized breeds for short-term HRV time and frequency domain (TFD) analyses.Material and MethodsA total of 79 healthy dogs were included in the study between 2015 and 2019. Grouping by age with the breakpoint at six years and subgrouping by reproductive status and sex was imposed. All the dogs were included after physical and cardiological examinations and blood analyses. The TFD of HRV were analysed from a five-minute-long digital ECG recording after removal of non-sinus complexes.ResultsThere were no statistically significant differences in any TFD parameters between age, reproductive status or sex groups. A mild increase in all time domain parameters and the high-frequency (HF) band was observed in older dogs, and the low frequency (LF):HF ratio decreased in these dogs. In males, the time domain parameters and HF band increased slightly.ConclusionThe normal ranges for HRV derived from short-term ECG recording in the usual clinical environment now have proposed reference ranges. Our findings suggest that accommodation time, age, sex, or reproductive status do not influence the results derived from these recordings, indicating that this method is reliable for assessing the ANS function in small and medium-sized dog breeds.

Validity of a Smartphone Application and Chest Strap for Recording RR Intervals at Rest in Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 896-899
Author(s):  
Reabias de A. Pereira ◽  
José Luiz de B. Alves ◽  
João Henrique da C. Silva ◽  
Matheus da S. Costa ◽  
Alexandre S. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
Smartphone App ◽  
Heart Rate Variability Analysis ◽  
Rr Intervals

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of the smartphone application (app) HRV Expert (CardioMood) and a chest strap (H10 Polar) for recording R-R intervals compared with electrocardiogram (ECG). Methods: A total of 31 male recreational runners (age 36.1 [6.3] y) volunteered for this study. R-R intervals were recorded simultaneously by the smartphone app and ECG for 5 minutes to analyze heart-rate variability in both the supine and sitting positions. Time-domain indexes (heart rate, mean R-R, SD of RR intervals, count of successive normal R-R intervals differing by more than 50 ms, percentage of successive normal R-R intervals differing by more than 50 ms, and root mean square of successive differences between normal R-R intervals), frequency-domain indexes (low frequency, normalized low frequency, high frequency, normalized high frequency, low-frequency to high-frequency ratio, and very low frequency), and nonlinear indexes (SD of instantaneous beat-to-beat variability and long-term SD of continuous R-R intervals) were compared by unpaired t test, Pearson correlation, simple linear regression, and Bland–Altman plot to evaluate the agreement between the devices. Results: High similarity with P value varying between .97 and 1.0 in both positions was found. The correlation coefficient of the heart-rate-variability indexes was perfect (r = 1.0; P = .00) for all variables. The constant error, standard error of estimation, and limits of agreement between ECG and the smartphone app were considered small. Conclusion: The smartphone app and chest strap provide excellent ECG compliance for all variables in the time domain, frequency domain, and nonlinear indexes, regardless of the assessed position. Therefore, the smartphone app replaces ECG for any heart-rate-variability analysis in runners.

scholarly journals Daily Food Insecurity and Heart Rate Variability Among Healthy Low-Income Adults: A Longitudinal Pilot Study Over Two Seasonal Months

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 118-118
Author(s):  
Nan Dou ◽  
Muzi Na
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Stress Vulnerability

Abstract Objectives Food insecurity (FI) is prevalent among low-income adults and is related to increased stress. Heart rate variability (HRV) is associated with adverse health and a known indicator for stress vulnerability. However, the relationship between FI and HRV is unclear. Our study aims to study the associations between FI and ultra-short-term HRV (5 minutes) at daily basis. Methods A total of 22 healthy low-income adults were recruited in fall 2019 and 18 were followed up in winter 2020. Data on FI and HRV were collected over a 3-week-long wave in each surveyed month (2nd – 4th week). Daily FI was assessed using the adapted USDA adult module on the provided smartphones. Each day, a 5-minute heart rate was recorded using the Polar H7 sensor, yielding a number of HRV metrics in two domains. SDNN, Rmssd, and pNN50 are time-domain metrics quantifying the amount of variability in interbeat interval (the higher the ‘better’). LF/HF Ratio is a frequency-domain metrics estimating the distribution of power into frequency bands (the lower the ‘better’). The Time Varying Effect Models were used to estimate the association between daily FI and ultra-short-term HRV metrics as a function of study day. Results A total of 606 person-days (response rate = 72.1%) of data in FI and HRV was collected. In fall, higher FI score was significantly associated with lower lnRmssd at day 19 (b = −0.13) and 20 (b = −0.12), lower Pnn50 at day 20 (b = −0.13), and higher LF/HF ratio from day 1 to 5 (b ranges 0.29–0.88). In winter, higher FI score was related to lower lnRmssd at day 18 (b = −0.24) and 19 (b = −0.27), lower Pnn50 from day 17 to 19 (b ranges −10.99 to −7.79), and higher LF/HF ratio from day 9 to 11 (b ranges 0.78–1.22) and day 18 to 20 (b ranges 1.17–2.40). Conclusions Across the 2 months spanning two seasons, our pilot study found that daily FI was significantly and consistently associated with suboptimal time-domain HRV metrics in the last few days of the study months. Results for the frequency-domain also support a time-varying impact of FI on HRV. The preliminary results support a potential more profound impact of FI on stress vulnerability, particularly by the end of the months. Funding Sources The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health (UL1TR002014) and the Broadhurst Career Development Professorship for the Study of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention.

scholarly journals The Effects of Passive Simulated Jogging on Short-Term Heart Rate Variability in a Heterogeneous Group of Human Subjects

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A. Adams ◽  
Shivam Patel ◽  
Jose R. Lopez ◽  
Marvin A. Sackner
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Physical Activity Intervention ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Heterogeneous Group ◽  
Upward Movement ◽  
Rr Intervals

Background. Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects neural balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic nervous systems (ANS). Reduced HRV occurs in several chronic diseases and physical inactivity. External addition of pulses to the circulation restores HRV. A new method to add pulses to the circulation can be accomplished with a passive simulated jogging device (JD). We hypothesized that application of JD might increase HRV in seated and supine postures in a heterogeneous group of volunteer subjects. Methods. Twenty ambulatory persons (age range 31-88) were recruited. The physical activity intervention (JD) moved the feet in a repetitive and alternating manner; upward movement of the pedal is followed by a downward movement of the forefoot tapping against a semirigid bumper to simulate tapping of feet against the ground during jogging. Each subject underwent four, 30 min sessions in seated and supine postures with the active JD and same with Sham. HRV was assessed at baseline (BL), and Recovery (REC) from analysis of an electrocardiogram. Time domain variables were computed, namely, standard deviation of all normal RR intervals (SDNN) and square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between adjacent RR intervals (RMSSD). Frequency domain measures were determined using a standard Fast Fourier spectral analysis, as well as parameters of Poincaré plots. Results. Thirty minutes of JD significantly increased time domain measures and Poincaré parameters of HRV in both seated and supine postures. Frequency domain parameters showed no change. The effects of JD on HRV measures were not affected by age, gender, or posture. Conclusion. The passive simulated jogging device increased HRV in both seated and supine postures. This intervention that provided effortless physical activity is a novel method to harness the beneficial effects of increasing HRV.

scholarly journals Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome Reduced Heart Rate Variability and Increased Irregularity and Complexity of Short-Term RR Time Series in Rabbits

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Lozano ◽  
Conrado Calvo ◽  
Oscar Arias-Mutis ◽  
Ana Díaz ◽  
Luis Such-Miquel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Nonlinear Analyses ◽  
Short Term

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been linked to a higher prevalence of sudden cardiac death (SCD), but the mechanisms are not well understood. One possible underlying mechanism may be an abnormal modulation of autonomic activity, which can be quantified by analyzing heart rate variability (HRV). Our aim was to investigate the modifications of short-term HRV in an experimental rabbit model during the time-course of MetS development. NZW rabbits were randomly assigned to a control (n = 10) or a MetS group (n = 13), fed 28 weeks with control or high-fat, high-sucrose diets. After anesthesia, a 15-min ECG recording was acquired before diet administration and at weeks 14 and 28. We analyzed short RR time series using time-domain, frequency-domain and nonlinear analyses. A mixed-model factorial ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Time-domain analysis showed a 52.4% decrease in the standard deviation of heart rate in animals from the MetS group at week 28, but no changes in the rest of parameters. In the frequency domain, we found a 9.7% decrease in the very low frequency and a 380.0% increase of the low frequency bands in MetS animals at week 28, whereas high frequency remained unchanged. Nonlinear analyses showed increased complexity and irregularity of the RR time series in MetS animals.

Algogen-induced vasosensory reflexes modulate short-term heart rate variability parameters in experimental rat models

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindran Revand ◽  
Sanjeev K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rat Models ◽  
Reflex Responses

Abstract Objectives The present work was designed to study the modulatory effects of algogen-induced vasosensory reflex responses on short-term heart rate variability (HRV) parameters in naïve and vagotomized rat models. Methods In this study, vasosensory reflex responses were elicited by instilling algogens (bradykinin/histamine), a component of inflammatory mediators into a local segment of medium-sized peripheral blood vessel (femoral artery) while a continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded. Short-term (5 min) ECG segments obtained from original recordings were examined in detail and relevant data of HRV parameters were pooled. Time domain and frequency domain analyses were performed using dedicated software (LabChart 8, AD Instruments®, Australia) and results were analyzed. Results Bradykinin-induced vasosensory reflexes caused significant alterations in both time domain and frequency domain HRV parameters as compared to the time-matched saline control group. Instillation of bradykinin caused a transient increase in NN interval, RMSSD, TSP, HF power (HFP) along with a decrease in the standard deviation of all normal NN intervals (SDNN), SDNN/RMSSD, LF power (LFP), LFP/HFP. Histamine produced a similar pattern of responses, but HRV alterations were less pronounced compared to those with bradykinin. Further analysis revealed that algogen-induced vasosensory reflex responses caused an increase in the parasympathetic influence on the heart accompanied by a decrease in sympathetic influence. In addition, HRV modulation by algogen-induced vasosensory reflexes was significantly attenuated in vagotomized rats, illustrating the principal role of vagus in the reflex HRV modulation. Conclusions The present study proposes a novel hypothesis regarding the cardio-protective role of inflammatory mediators during acute stress, by potentiating the vagal impact and attenuating the sympathetic impact on the heart.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Time-Domain and Frequency-Domain Heart Rate Variability Measures of Fatigued Drivers

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8499
Author(s):  
Chao Zeng ◽  
Wenjun Wang ◽  
Chaoyang Chen ◽  
Chaofei Zhang ◽  
Bo Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Frequency Domain Methods ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

The effects of fatigue on a driver’s autonomic nervous system (ANS) were investigated through heart rate variability (HRV) measures considering the difference of sex. Electrocardiogram (ECG) data from 18 drivers were recorded during a simulator-based driving experiment. Thirteen short-term HRV measures were extracted through time-domain and frequency-domain methods. First, differences in HRV measures related to mental state (alert or fatigued) were analyzed in all subjects. Then, sex-specific changes between alert and fatigued states were investigated. Finally, sex differences between alert and fatigued states were compared. For all subjects, ten measures showed significant differences (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 0.01) between different mental states. In male and female drivers, eight and four measures, respectively, showed significant differences between different mental states. Six measures showed significant differences between males and females in an alert state, while ten measures showed significant sex differences in a fatigued state. In conclusion, fatigue impacts drivers’ ANS activity, and this impact differs by sex; more differences exist between male and female drivers’ ANS activity in a fatigued state than in an alert state.

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