scholarly journals Compulsive Disorder in Border Collie bitch

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Rodriges Rosado ◽  
Juliana Gonzaga Da Silva ◽  
Dilmas Mendes De Freitas ◽  
Aline Silva Dos Reis ◽  
Julia Perinotto Picelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repetitive Behavior ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Presumptive Diagnosis ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Compulsive Disorders

Background: Compulsive disorders are excessive and repetitive behaviors that jeopardize the quality of life of both animal and tutor. It generally affects dogs between 6 and 36 months of age, and its etiology is associated to stress, anxiety and genetic predisposition. Clinical manifestations are the usual behaviors of the dog, but overly and inappropriately done. Diagnosis is based on a history of repetitive behavior, and on clinical and complementary exams to discard other diseases. The aim of this study is to report a case of compulsive disorder in a female Border Collie dog, including diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.Case: A 5-month-old, female, Border Collie dog was presented to Uberaba’s Veterinary Hospital (HVU) owing to a chasing shadows behavior that started as a playtime activity but intensified to the point of becoming a repetitive and excessive act, followed by self-trauma and excessive barking. Clinical examination showed lesions in nasal planum region. No alterations were observed on neurological examination apart from the chasing of shadows that also happened in the consultation room. Therefore, since there were no other findings on clinical and neurological exams, and since the manifestation occurred as a response to environmental stimuli (presence of shadows), it was established a presumptive diagnosis of compulsive disorder. Treatment with trazodone chlorhydrate was performed, and it was indicated ovariohysterectomy, a follow-up with a professional behaviorist and trainer and environment modifications.  After a fortnight, it was observed a discreet improvement of the clinical signs, hence a second anxiolytic, clomipramine, was added to the treatment. Approximately 3 months after the beggining of therapy, there was improvement of the animal’s clinical picture, being calmer and most days ignoring the shadows.Discussion: Compulsive disorders are described as exaggerated and repetitive behaviors that jeopardize the animal’s interaction with its environment and with its tutor. The animal of this report showed repetitive behavior of chasing shadows, with claw abrasion and self-inflicted nasal lesions caused by leaping and biting on the surfaces where the shadows were projecting. Additionally, during the manifestation of the behavior, the animal barked excessively, which compromised the quality of the tutors’ lives. The patient was a Border Collie female dog, though there are no descriptions of this type of behavior in this breed. The starting age of this patient’s manifestations is consistent with previous reports, which observed it more frequently in animals with 6 to 36 months of age. The absence of alterations on clinical and neurological exams that could indicate maladies in other systems, in addition to a detailed anamnesis and assessment of videos of the animal recorded in his domicile, enabled the diagnosis of compulsive disorder. Ovariohysterectomy was done with the purpose of reducing the previously mentioned behavior. Drug therapy in addition to behavior training were efficient to promote significant improvement, although the duration of treatment is a long-term one, as described by other authors. Further studies are necessary for enlightenment of compulsive disorder’s physiopathology in dogs, and to investigate and identify the causes, such as environmental factors and genetic characteristics, that trigger these behaviors.

scholarly journals Aymé–Gripp syndrome in a Russian patient with a newly detected mutation in the MAF gene

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
E. L. Dadali ◽  
T. V. Markova ◽  
O. P. Ryzhkova
Keyword(s):  
Autosomal Dominant ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Protein Product ◽  
Facial Features ◽  
Heterozygous State ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
The Core ◽  
Arnold Chiari Malformation ◽  
Russian Patient

Aymé–Gripp syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome caused by mutations in the MAF gene and is characterized by a pronounced phenotypic polymorphism. The core of clinical signs consists of congenital cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss, specific dysmorphic facial features and intellectual disabilities. With varying frequency, patients have: radioulnar synostosis, Arnold–Chiari malformation, aseptic pericarditis, dental anomaly and osteoarthritis. The article presents the clinical and genetic characteristics of the first Russian patient with Aymé–Gripp syndrome caused by a newly identified mutation s.173C>A (p.Thr58Asn NM_005360.4) in a heterozygous state in the MAF gene. The influence of the lo  calization and type of amino acid substitutions in the protein product of the gene on the severity and specificity of the clinical manifestations of the syndrome is discussed. 

scholarly journals Central norepinephrine transmission is required for stress-induced repetitive behavior in two rodent models of obsessive-compulsive disorder

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Lustberg ◽  
Alexa Iannitelli ◽  
Rachel P. Tillage ◽  
Molly Pruitt ◽  
L. Cameron Liles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Repetitive Behavior ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Adrenergic Drugs ◽  
Compulsive Behaviors

AbstractRationaleObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by repetitive behaviors exacerbated by stress. Many OCD patients do not respond to available pharmacotherapies, but neurosurgical ablation of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) can provide symptomatic relief. Although the ACC receives noradrenergic innervation and expresses adrenergic receptors (ARs), the involvement of norepinephrine (NE) in OCD has not been investigated.ObjectiveTo determine the effects of genetic or pharmacological disruption of NE neurotransmission on marble burying (MB) and nestlet shredding (NS) in two animal models of OCD.MethodsWe assessed NE-deficient (Dbh -/-) mice and NE-competent (Dbh +/-) controls in MB and NS tasks. We also measured the effects of anti-adrenergic drugs on NS and MB in control mice and the effects of pharmacological restoration of central NE in Dbh -/- mice. Finally, we compared c-fos induction in the locus coeruleus (LC) and ACC of Dbh -/- and control mice following both tasks.ResultsDbh -/- mice virtually lacked MB and NS behaviors seen in control mice but did not differ in the elevated zero maze (EZM) model of general anxiety-like behavior. Pharmacological restoration of central NE synthesis in Dbh -/- mice completely rescued NS behavior, while NS and MB were suppressed in control mice by anti-adrenergic drugs. Expression of c-fos in the ACC was attenuated in Dbh -/- mice after MB and NS.ConclusionThese findings support a role for NE transmission to the ACC in the expression of stress-induced compulsive behaviors and suggest further evaluation of anti-adrenergic drugs for OCD is warranted.

Phenomenology and Epidemiology of Body Dysmorphic Disorder

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan M. Kelly ◽  
Katharine A. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Prevalence Data ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Bodily Appearance ◽  
Excessive Grooming

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is an often severe DSM-IV disorder characterized by distressing or impairing preoccupations with imagined or slight defects in appearance. Individuals with BDD suffer from time-consuming obsessions about their bodily appearance and excessive repetitive behaviors (for example, mirror checking, excessive grooming, and skin picking). Functioning and quality of life are typically very poor, and suicidality rates appear markedly elevated. While prevalence data are still limited, they suggest that BDD affects 0.7% to 2.4% of the population; however, BDD typically goes unrecognized in clinical settings. In this chapter we discuss demographic and clinical features of BDD, prevalence, and morbidity. In addition, we discuss BDD’s relationship to obsessive compulsive disorder, hypochondriasis, and psychotic disorders.

Is There a Distinct OCD Spectrum?

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Hollander ◽  
Stephanie D. Benzaquen
Keyword(s):  
Biological Markers ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Dimensional Classification ◽  
Important Approach ◽  
Wide Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders ◽  
Compulsive Disorders

The obsessive-compulsive disorders spectrum concept has grown in recent years because of the common clinical features, such as obsessive thinking and compulsive rituals, biological markers, presumed etiology, and treatment response, that these disorders may share with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This concept has important implications in regard to diagnosis, nosology, neurobiology, and treatment of a wide group of diverse disorders affecting up to 10% of the population. New insights in central nervous system (CNS) mechanisms that drive the repetitive behaviors of the obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders have heightened interest in the spectrum in researchers, clinicians, and those involved in drug development.An important approach in neuropsychiatry centers on employing a dimensional classification of psychopathology. Psychiatric phenomena often fall on a continuum. A dimensional approach allows for the classification of patients who fall at the border of classical entities or who are otherwise atypical. Diagnostic categories are considered along a spectrum if there is considerable overlap in symptoms and in etiology, as demonstrated by familial linkage biological markers, and pharmacological dissection. Categorical and dimensional approaches to the OCD spectrum could have significant implications for diagnosis, nosology, neurobiology, and treatment of a wide group of disorders affecting a sizable percentage of the population.Recent interest has focused on spectrums in movement disorders, affective disorders, schizophrenia, epileptic and impulsive disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorders (which we will examine here); in addition, there has been interest in the overlap between these spectrums. Viewing disorders in terms of overlapping spectrums provides researchers and clinicians a framework with which to better understand and treat these disorders.

scholarly journals Modified Exposure and Response Prevention to Treat the Repetitive Behaviors of a Child with Autism: A Case Report

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Boyd ◽  
Cooper R. Woodard ◽  
James W. Bodfish
Keyword(s):  
Repetitive Behavior ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Response Prevention ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Exposure Response ◽  
Aged Child ◽  
Exposure Response Prevention ◽  
Therapy Sessions

We report the case study of a school-aged child with autism whose repetitive behaviors were treated with a modified version of a technique routinely used in cognitive behavior therapy (i.e., exposure response prevention) to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder. A trained behavioral therapist administered the modified ERP treatment over the course of an intensive two-week treatment period with two therapy sessions occurring daily. The treatment was successful at decreasing the amount of child distress and cooccurring problem behavior displayed; however, the child's interest in the repetitive behavior eliciting stimulus (i.e., puzzles) remained. The case study demonstrates specific ways that exposure response prevention strategies can be adapted to the unique kinds of repetitive behaviors that present clinically in autism. A larger clinical trial is needed to substantiate these findings.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF GENETIC METHODS OF RESEARCH IN CLINICAL DENTISTRY

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Viktoriya Miroshnichenko ◽  
Mark Varshavchik ◽  
Alena Rudenko
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
The Body ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Genetic Tests ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Financial Investments ◽  
Rehabilitation Period ◽  
Probable Gene ◽  
Dental Diseases

Subject. The prevalence of dental diseases worldwide comes between 67% and 98% at an older age, regardless of gender. Many chronic dental processes take place with intoxication of the body. Thereby they cause significant health problems, disrupting the quality of life. They entail large financial investments both from the person and the state. Doctor’s prognosis and understanding on the possible development of the disease in the patient either completely helps to prevent it or facilitates its course, helping to recover and accelerate the rehabilitation period. Genetic tests are an extremely promising and modern solution to this prognosis. Knowledge of genetic characteristics allows dentists to determine the medical tactics, helps to build a plan of recommendations for the patient's lifestyle and the schedule of preventive examinations. In dentistry genetic tests determine the quality of the innate inflammatory immune response to the introduction of pathogenic flora. Such tests allow to find out the features of the regenerative processes in the body and the quality of the detoxification system. Thus, they help to predict a more aggressive and faster course of the disease. Purpose. The aim of the work is to study the relevance and possibility of using genetic testing in dentistry. It describes the most modern methods. The present study shows the function and interpretation of the effect of the most probable gene polymorphisms on clinical signs of dental diseases. Materials and methods. The analysis of 40 sources of domestic and foreign literature on the possibilities and availability of modern test systems in dentistry has been carried out. The information on possible associations of genetic predisposition to the most common dental diseases and conditions has been highlighted, summarized and analyzed. Conclusion. Having previously obtained the results of the patient's genetic characteristics of the metabolism of mineral and vitamin substances, confirmation of the propensity for excessive bacterial growth and other genetic characteristics, the doctor will be able to build a plan of preventive measures to preserve the patient's health or, if necessary, will prepare the patient for treatment to minimize negative effects.

Tuberculosis Uveitis: Clinical Findings, Diagnosis, and Treatment

2019 ◽  
pp. 290-299
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Ocular Involvement ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion ◽  
Microbiological Confirmation

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic systemic infectious disease that primarily affects lungs but may also affect extrapulmonary organs including the eye. TB uveitis is the most common presentation of ocular involvement and has variable clinical features. Active systemic TB may not always accompany the ocular disease. A high index of suspicion based on typical clinical manifestations is important in diagnosis. In recent years new classification systems including, clinical signs, microbiological confirmation, immunological evidence, and imaging techniques have been suggested for diagnosing intraocular TB. Longer duration of treatment with ATT results in good clinical response.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladan Starcevic, MD, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Close Relationship

As its name implies, the main characteristics of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are obsessions and/or compulsions. Different types of obsessions and compulsions make OCD a heterogeneous condition. Also, OCD exists on a continuum from mild cases to those with extremely severe and incapacitating manifestations generally not seen in other anxiety disorders. Clinical manifestations of OCD are striking and leave few people who observe them unimpressed. This is arguably due to the seriousness with which persons with OCD take their own obsessions and compulsions along with concurrent realization that these same obsessions and compulsions are senseless and should be gotten rid of. Indeed, there are few other examples in psychopathology where insight and deficiency of insight stand together, and where espousing and fighting the absurd are so intertwined. For all these reasons, OCD is often portrayed as a puzzling or intriguing disorder; in addition, it often represents a treatment challenge. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is probably the least controversial condition within the anxiety disorders because its clinical features are well described and relatively easily recognized and because hardly anyone doubts its existence as a psychopathological entity. What is controversial about OCD, however, is where it belongs and how it should be classified. This is a consequence of a number of features of OCD that make it look different from other anxiety disorders and of the close relationship that OCD has with some conditions outside of the realm of anxiety disorders. Listed below are a number of key questions about OCD…. 1. In view of its different clinical features and the vastly different severity of these features, should OCD be considered a unitary condition or divided into subtypes? 2. If OCD is to be divided into subtypes, on the basis of what criteria should it be done? Types of obsessions and compulsions, reasons for performing compulsions, severity of illness, degree of insight, age of onset, or something else? 3. Should neutralizing responses other than compulsions be given a more prominent role in the description and conceptualization of OCD? 4. How does insight contribute to the conceptualization of OCD? 5. What are the core features of OCD? Is OCD primarily an affective disorder, is it characterized by a primary disturbance in thinking, or is it essentially a disorder of repetitive behaviors?

Spontaneously Occurring Animal Models of OCD

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas H. Dodman ◽  
Louis Shuster
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Human Disease ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Repetitive Behavior ◽  
Repetitive Behaviors ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Core Features

This chapter summarizes what we know about compulsive behavioral disorders in several animal species. Animals can develop repetitive behaviors in a range of circumstances, generally associated with anxiety or stress. It is increasingly apparent that these behaviors recapitulate core features of obsessive-compulsive disorder. They are clearly partially genetic; for example, specific breeds of dog are susceptible to specific compulsive behavioral disorders. Understanding such OCD-like behaviors provides a potentially fruitful avenue towards understanding OCD in humans. This chapter reviews this literature, emphasizing the points of parallelism between repetitive behavior syndromes in animals and human disease. Recent advances in our understanding of the biology of these spontaneously occurring animal models, especially in dogs, have great potential to elucidate the pathophysiology of OCD.

Systematic Review of Pharmacologic and Compression Therapies for Treatment of Post-Thrombotic Syndrome

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 4207-4207
Author(s):  
Jacqueline M. Cohen ◽  
Elie A. Akl ◽  
Susan R. Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Venous Insufficiency ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Post Thrombotic Syndrome ◽  
Quality Evidence

Abstract Abstract 4207 Background: Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a chronic complication of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) characterized by chronic pain, swelling and other signs in the affected limb that can severely impact individuals' quality of life. There are no widely accepted treatments for PTS, although varied treatment strategies have been proposed. Objective: To systematically review evidence for the effectiveness and safety of pharmacologic and compression therapies for treatment of PTS. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of PTS treatments were sought in a search of PubMed and by reverse citation searches. Results: A total of 121 titles were reviewed and 12 full-text publications were assessed for inclusion. Seven trials were selected for inclusion in the review. Four trials (3 parallel RCTs, 1 crossover RCT) including 521 patients assessed the effectiveness of various drugs for treatment of PTS. These pharmacotherapies included rutosides, hidrosmin, and defibrotide and treatment durations ranged from 2–12 months. Three trials (1 parallel RCT, 2 crossover RCTs) including 82 patients assessed compression therapies. Two used intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) devices worn for 4–8 weeks, while one used continuous compression in the form of graduated compression stockings (GCS) worn for at least 1 year. Follow-up in these studies ranged from 8 weeks to over 1 year. All studies identified PTS as occurring after DVT in the same leg, often requiring objective diagnosis of DVT. One study used CEAP criteria for venous insufficiency, including patients classified as C2, C3 or C4. Another required participants to have had deep venous insufficiency (not further defined) for at least 12 months. Two studies used the Villalta scale to classify patients as having PTS, while one study only included patients with a score >14, corresponding to severe PTS. Another study defined PTS as the presence of chronic and typical pain and swelling 1 year post-DVT, and another defined it as intractable symptoms causing significant limitations of lifestyle and/or morbidity. In one study, PTS was not defined. Indicators used to assess the success of the interventions varied. Clinical signs and symptoms were often assessed with a quantitative scoring system. Validated scales used included Kakkar & Lawrence, Villalta, and VEINES-Sym. Calf and ankle circumference were often measured, where significant differences in these measures were used to attest to the success of an intervention; however, the clinical significance of these changes may be questionable. The IPC studies defined treatment success based on factors such as perceived benefit, patient preference for the active treatment, and willingness to continue to use the intervention. The GCS study defined treatment failure based on symptom deterioration, work absences, and development of venous ulcer. Only 1 study assessed the effect on quality of life, using the VEINES-QOL questionnaire. Studies of pharmacotherapies demonstrated minimal benefit on symptom scores, reduced calf and ankle circumference, and ulcer healing. In one study that continued to follow-up subjects for 6 months after treatment was terminated, the effect of drug treatment was not sustained (50% of ulcers returned). Studies of compression therapy did not convincingly demonstrate benefits of GCS; but for the IPC devices, treatment success was more likely than on the placebo devices. None of these treatments were associated with any important side effects and hence, compliance was acceptable in all studies that reported it. Studies of pharmacologic and compression therapies for treatment of PTS suffer from study design limitations including lack of blinding and wash-out periods that have the potential to introduce bias. Short duration of treatment in some studies may limit the extent to which the interventions were found to be effective. Sustained effectiveness was not assessed except for one study. Conclusions: There is limited and low quality evidence for the effectiveness of rutosides, hidrosmin, and defibrotide to treat PTS. There is also limited and low quality evidence for the effectiveness of GCS, but IPC devices seem to provide at least short term relief from PTS. More rigorous studies are needed to assess the effectiveness and sustainability of pharmacologic and compression treatments for PTS, and study endpoints should focus on clinically important improvements in patient condition. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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