scholarly journals Putting the Event in its Place: Territories, Bodies, Thresholds

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Rebolledo
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Space ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Euclidian Geometry ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The purpose of our paper is to re-conceive the event and the site of the event as a relational environment of immanence occupied by invention in its processual emergence using the work of Deleuze and Guatarri, Massumi, Simondon and Whitehead. The event is usually understood as an activity “taking place” in a bounded container—a room—explicated in terms of Euclidian geometry and a Newtonian conception of space and time. This place within absolute space expresses potential for activity where naming its purpose conditions its teleological intent and functionally defines the event it can contain. Instead, we propose a conception of the space of the event as the locus of inclusion created by neighbourhoods of relational participation as process. This allows us to understand the event as a dynamic cohesion composed of the inter-penetration of immanent co-arisings of territorialities and bodies which constitute an individuated spacetime. Territorialities are understood as active, conditioned expanses of relation that go beyond the internalism/externalism debate: they are mappings of fuzzy-bounded, gradated zones of relational intensities. Bodies (human and non-human alike) are no longer pre-constituted static entities mechanically interacting with each other; they become dynamic individuations of a reciprocal, recursive relational causality within fields of experience. At the intersection of overlapping territorializations and bodies, thresholds must be crossed for the operative-self-solidarity to take place. Thus, the event becomes an immanent, coherent whole, where the process of coming-to-being requires a spatio-temporal convergence, a contemporaneous coming together of territories and bodies within the associated milieu.

Rainfall estimates from opportunistic sensors in Germany across spatio-temporal scales – Geostatistical interpolation framework

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micha Eisele ◽  
Maximilian Graf ◽  
Abbas El Hachem ◽  
Jochen Seidel ◽  
Christian Chwala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Urban Catchment ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Geostatistical Interpolation ◽  
Primary Network ◽  
Ground Measurement ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Important Input ◽  
Spatio Temporal

<p>Precipitation - highly variable in space and time - is the most important input for many hydrological models. As these models become more and more detailed in space and time, high-resolution input data are required. Especially for modeling and prediction in fast reacting catchments, such as urban catchment areas, a higher space-time resolution is needed than the current ground measurement networks operated by national weather services usually provide. With the increasing number and availability of opportunistic sensors such as commercial microwave links (CMLs) and personal weather stations (PWS) in recent years, new opportunities for measuring meteorological data are emerging.</p><p>We developed a geostatistical interpolation framework which allows a combination of different opportunistic sensors and their specific features and geometric properties, e.g. point and line information. In this framework, a combined kriging approach is introduced, taking into account not only the point information of a reliable primary network, e.g., from national weather services, but also the higher uncertainty of the PWS- and CML-based precipitation. The path-averaged information of the CMLs is included through a block kriging-type approach.</p><p>The methodology was applied for two 7-months periods in Germany using an hourly temporal and a 1x1 km spatial resolution. By incorporating CMLs and PWS, the Pearson correlation could be increased from 0.56 to 0.73 compared to using only primary network for interpolation. The resulting precipitation maps also provided good agreement compared to gauge adjusted radar products.</p>

scholarly journals Seasonal survival and migratory connectivity of the Eurasian Oystercatcher revealed by citizen science

The Auk ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M Allen ◽  
Bruno J Ens ◽  
Martijn Van de Pol ◽  
Henk Van der Jeugd ◽  
Magali Frauendorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Science ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Migratory Connectivity ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Demographic Rates ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Model Structures

Abstract Migratory connectivity describes linkages between breeding and non-breeding areas. An ongoing challenge is tracking avian species between breeding and non-breeding areas and hence estimating migratory connectivity and seasonal survival. Collaborative color-ringing projects between researchers and citizen scientists provide opportunities for tracking the annual movements of avian species. Our study describes seasonal survival and migratory connectivity using data from more than 4,600 individuals with over 51,000 observations, predominantly collected by citizen scientists. Our study focuses on the Eurasian Oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus), a species that has experienced a substantial and ongoing decline in recent decades. Multiple threats have been described, and given that these threats vary in space and time, there is an urgent need to estimate demographic rates at the appropriate spatio-temporal scale. We performed a seasonal multi-state (5 geographical areas within The Netherlands) live- and dead-recoveries analysis under varying model structures to account for biological and data complexity. Coastal breeding populations were largely sedentary, while inland breeding populations were migratory and the direction of migration varied among areas, which has not been described previously. Our results indicated that survival was lower during winter than summer and that survival was lower in inland areas compared with coastal areas. A concerning result was that seasonal survival of individuals over-wintering in the Wadden Sea, an internationally important site for over-wintering shorebirds, appeared to decline during the study period. We discuss the outcomes of our study, and how citizen science was integral for conducting this study. Our findings identify how the demographic rates of the oystercatcher vary in space and time, knowledge that is vital for generating hypotheses and prioritizing future research into the causes of decline.

A spatio-temporal analysis of non-farm enterprise performance in Uganda: 2010-2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-546
Author(s):  
Nkechi Srodah Owoo
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Enterprise Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Knowledge Transfers ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Purpose Recent research into enterprise performance has focussed on the importance of firm proximity to total productivity. Using spatial correlation of firm performance as a proxy for knowledge transfers and diffusion, the purpose of this paper is to examine the evidence for these spatial effects in non-farm enterprise performance in Uganda, across space and time. Design/methodology/approach The author uses data from the geo-referenced Uganda National Panel Survey from 2010 to 2012, and employs explicit spatial techniques in the analysis of rural non-farm enterprise performance. Spatial autocorrelation of firm performance are used as proxies for knowledge transfers and information flows among enterprises across space and over time. Findings The study finds evidence of spatial spillover effects across space and time in Uganda. This implies that, as existing studies of developed countries have found, social infrastructure and firm proximity contribute significantly to the performance of rural economies, through information exchange and knowledge transfers. Practical implications Given the communal nature of rural households in the African setting, knowledge exchange and transfers among neighbouring firms should be encouraged as studies have found they have strong effects on business performance. Additionally, business “leaders” could also be useful in disseminating useful new technologies and applications to neighbouring enterprises in order to boost performance and productivity. Social implications There should be better targeting of policy interventions to clusters of particularly needy enterprises. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first time that spatio-temporal effects of business performance have been explored. While spatial analyses of business performance have been carried out in developed countries, studies using explicit spatial techniques in the developing country setting have been conspicuously absent.

scholarly journals Re-Arranging Space, Time and Scales in GIS: Alternative Models for Multi-Scale Spatio-Temporal Modeling and Analyses

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Qiang ◽  
Nico Van de Weghe
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Temporal Modeling ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Pyramid Model ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The representations of space and time are fundamental issues in GIScience. In prevalent GIS and analytical systems, time is modeled as a linear stream of real numbers and space is represented as flat layers with timestamps. Despite their dominance in GIS and information visualization, these representations are inefficient for visualizing data with complex temporal and spatial extents and the variation of data at multiple temporal and spatial scales. This article presents alternative representations that incorporate the scale dimension into time and space. The article first reviews a series of work about the triangular model (TM), which is a multi-scale temporal model. Then, it introduces the pyramid model (PM), which is the extension of the TM for spatial data, and demonstrates the utility of the PM in visualizing multi-scale spatial patterns of land cover data. Finally, it discusses the potential of integrating the TM and the PM into a unified framework for multi-scale spatio-temporal modeling. This article systematically documents the models with alternative arrangements of space and time and their applications in analyzing different types of data. Additionally, this article aims to inspire the re-thinking of organizations of space, time, and scales in the future development of GIS and analytical tools to handle the increasing quantity and complexity of spatio-temporal data.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal information in an artificial olfactory mucosa

2008 ◽  
Vol 464 (2092) ◽  
pp. 1057-1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel A Sánchez-Montañés ◽  
Julian W Gardner ◽  
Timothy C Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Model ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Stationary Phases ◽  
Formal Analysis ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Olfactory Mucosa ◽  
Temporal Information ◽  
Information Measure ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Deploying chemosensor arrays in close proximity to stationary phases imposes stimulus-dependent spatio-temporal dynamics on their response and leads to improvements in complex odour discrimination. These spatio-temporal dynamics need to be taken into account explicitly when considering the detection performance of this new odour sensing technology, termed an artificial olfactory mucosa. For this purpose, we develop here a new measure of spatio-temporal information that combined with an analytical model of the artificial mucosa, chemosensor and noise dynamics completely characterizes the discrimination capability of the system. This spatio-temporal information measure allows us to quantify the contribution of both space and time to discrimination performance and may be used as part of optimization studies or calculated directly from an artificial mucosa output. Our formal analysis shows that exploiting both space and time in the mucosa response always outperforms the use of space alone and is further demonstrated by comparing the spatial versus spatio-temporal information content of mucosa experimental data. Together, the combination of the spatio-temporal information measure and the analytical model can be applied to extract the general principles of the artificial mucosa design as well as to optimize the physical and operating parameters that determine discrimination performance.

scholarly journals Managing Uncertainty in Spatio-Temporal Series

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yania Souto ◽  
Ana Maria Moura ◽  
Fabio Porto
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Temporal Series ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Probabilistic Database ◽  
Important Research Topic ◽  
New Type ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Uncertain Time

Uncertain time series analysis has recently become an important research topic, particularly when searching for features of natural phenomena using similarity functions. Natural phenomena are often modeled as time series, such as in weather forecast, in which temperature variation is monitored through space and time. In such a context, different models for weather forecast produce variations on predictions that can be interpreted as predictions uncertainty. One important problem is to represent the variations presented in predictions along space and time. In order to address a solution to this problem, this paper defines a new type of series, here named uncertain spatio-temporal series, and proposes a computational strategy to manage uncertainty in probabilistic database. Using this new series some analytical queries can be performed, leading to the discovery of interesting observation patterns.

scholarly journals Drosophila Evolution over Space and Time (DEST) - A New Population Genomics Resource

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kapun ◽  
Joaquin C B Nunez ◽  
María Bogaerts-Márquez ◽  
Jesús Murga-Moreno ◽  
Margot Paris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Population Genomics ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Data Repository ◽  
Bioinformatics Pipeline ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Sequencing Technologies ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Demographic Inference

Abstract Drosophila melanogaster is a leading model in population genetics and genomics, and a growing number of whole-genome datasets from natural populations of this species have been published over the last years. A major challenge is the integration of disparate datasets, often generated using different sequencing technologies and bioinformatic pipelines, which hampers our ability to address questions about the evolution of this species. Here we address these issues by developing a bioinformatics pipeline that maps pooled sequencing (Pool-Seq) reads from D. melanogaster to a hologenome consisting of fly and symbiont genomes and estimates allele frequencies using either a heuristic (PoolSNP) or a probabilistic variant caller (SNAPE-pooled). We use this pipeline to generate the largest data repository of genomic data available for D. melanogaster to date, encompassing 271 previously published and unpublished population samples from over 100 locations in > 20 countries on four continents. Several of these locations have been sampled at different seasons across multiple years. This dataset, which we call Drosophila Evolution over Space and Time (DEST), is coupled with sampling and environmental meta-data. A web-based genome browser and web portal provide easy access to the SNP dataset. We further provide guidelines on how to use Pool-Seq data for model-based demographic inference. Our aim is to provide this scalable platform as a community resource which can be easily extended via future efforts for an even more extensive cosmopolitan dataset. Our resource will enable population geneticists to analyze spatio-temporal genetic patterns and evolutionary dynamics of D. melanogaster populations in unprecedented detail.

scholarly journals R. DESCARTES IR I. NEWTONAS: GAMTOS FILOSOFIJOS SISTEMŲ PANAŠUMAI IR SKIRTUMAI (LAIKO IR ERDVĖS ASPEKTAI)

Problemos ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Čiurlionis
Keyword(s):  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Special Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Absolute Space ◽  
Newtonian Mechanics ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Laws Of Motion ◽  
In The Beginning

Erdvės ir laiko sampratų istorijoje I. Newtonas yra neabejotinai viena svarbiausių figūrų. Absoliučios erdvės ir laiko idėjos ilgą laiką buvo plačiai pripažintos ir realiai paneigtos tik XX a. pradžioje, atsiradus specialiajai reliatyvumo teorijai. Tačiau niutoniškajai mechanikai įsitvirtinti reikėjo nukonkuruoti R. Descartes’o gamtamokslines pažiūras. Kita vertus, ar gali būti, kad abiejų filosofų pažiūros yra ne tiek prieštaraujančios, kiek panašios? Ar gali būti, kad I. Newtonas pasinaudojo R. Descartes’o idėjomis, konstruodamas savo garsiuosius judėjimo dėsnius, kuriais konstatavo laiko ir erdvės absoliutumą? Šie probleminiai klausimai yra nagrinėjami straipsnyje.Reikšminiai žodžiai: erdvė, laikas, judėjimo dėsniai, reliatyvumas. R. DESCARTES AND I. NEWTON: SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THEIR SYSTEMS OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHYJonas Čiurlionis Summary Throughout the history of undertanding space and time, I. Newton is undoubtedly one of the most important figures. His ideas of absolute space and time were widely accepted and refused only in the beginning of the 20th century with the rise of special theory of reliativity. However, in order to be recognized, Newtonian mechanics had to win the competition against Cartesian natural philosophy. On the other hand, can it be that views of both philosophers are more similar than contradictory? Can it be that I. Newton used the ideas of R. Descartes while constructing his famous laws of motion – the foundation for the absolute space and time? These and similar problematic questions are discussed in the article.Keywords: space, time, laws of motion, relativity.

scholarly journals Micro-epidemiological structuring of Plasmodium falciparum parasite populations in regions with varying transmission intensities in Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Omedo ◽  
Polycarp Mogeni ◽  
Teun Bousema ◽  
Kirk Rockett ◽  
Alfred Amambua-Ngwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Homogeneous Population ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Parasite ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Parasite Populations ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The first models of malaria transmission assumed a completely mixed and homogeneous population of parasites.  Recent models include spatial heterogeneity and variably mixed populations. However, there are few empiric estimates of parasite mixing with which to parametize such models. Methods: Here we genotype 276 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 5199 P. falciparum isolates from two Kenyan sites (Kilifi county and Rachuonyo South district) and one Gambian site (Kombo coastal districts) to determine the spatio-temporal extent of parasite mixing, and use Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and linear regression to examine the relationship between genetic relatedness and distance in space and time for parasite pairs. Results: Using 107, 177 and 82 SNPs that were successfully genotyped in 133, 1602, and 1034 parasite isolates from The Gambia, Kilifi and Rachuonyo South district, respectively, we show that there are no discrete geographically restricted parasite sub-populations, but instead we see a diffuse spatio-temporal structure to parasite genotypes.  Genetic relatedness of sample pairs is predicted by relatedness in space and time. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that targeted malaria control will benefit the surrounding community, but unfortunately also that emerging drug resistance will spread rapidly through the population.

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