scholarly journals R. DESCARTES IR I. NEWTONAS: GAMTOS FILOSOFIJOS SISTEMŲ PANAŠUMAI IR SKIRTUMAI (LAIKO IR ERDVĖS ASPEKTAI)

Problemos ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Čiurlionis
Keyword(s):  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Special Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
Absolute Space ◽  
Newtonian Mechanics ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Laws Of Motion ◽  
In The Beginning

Erdvės ir laiko sampratų istorijoje I. Newtonas yra neabejotinai viena svarbiausių figūrų. Absoliučios erdvės ir laiko idėjos ilgą laiką buvo plačiai pripažintos ir realiai paneigtos tik XX a. pradžioje, atsiradus specialiajai reliatyvumo teorijai. Tačiau niutoniškajai mechanikai įsitvirtinti reikėjo nukonkuruoti R. Descartes’o gamtamokslines pažiūras. Kita vertus, ar gali būti, kad abiejų filosofų pažiūros yra ne tiek prieštaraujančios, kiek panašios? Ar gali būti, kad I. Newtonas pasinaudojo R. Descartes’o idėjomis, konstruodamas savo garsiuosius judėjimo dėsnius, kuriais konstatavo laiko ir erdvės absoliutumą? Šie probleminiai klausimai yra nagrinėjami straipsnyje.Reikšminiai žodžiai: erdvė, laikas, judėjimo dėsniai, reliatyvumas. R. DESCARTES AND I. NEWTON: SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THEIR SYSTEMS OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHYJonas Čiurlionis Summary Throughout the history of undertanding space and time, I. Newton is undoubtedly one of the most important figures. His ideas of absolute space and time were widely accepted and refused only in the beginning of the 20th century with the rise of special theory of reliativity. However, in order to be recognized, Newtonian mechanics had to win the competition against Cartesian natural philosophy. On the other hand, can it be that views of both philosophers are more similar than contradictory? Can it be that I. Newton used the ideas of R. Descartes while constructing his famous laws of motion – the foundation for the absolute space and time? These and similar problematic questions are discussed in the article.Keywords: space, time, laws of motion, relativity.

Berkeley and Newton

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas M. Jesseph
Keyword(s):  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Absolute Space ◽  
Newtonian Mechanics ◽  
Isaac Newton ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
And Mathematics

This article examines Berkeley’s responses to the mechanics and mathematics of Isaac Newton. After a brief section outlining some of the key elements of Berkeley’s idealistic metaphysics and empiricist epistemology, his criticisms of Newton are considered, as is his attempt to accommodate the success of Newtonian mechanics within the constraints of his own philosophy. In particular, investigations are made of Berkeley’s criticisms of absolute space and time, his proposal to expunge the notion of matter from natural philosophy, his claim that laws of nature are purely descriptive and do not identify genuine causes, and his instrumentalistic approach to the concept of force. Berkeley’s critique of the Newtonian calculus of fluxions in his 1734 treatise The Analyst is also investigated.

The Epistemological Foundations of Natural Philosophy

Philosophy ◽  
1946 ◽  
Vol 21 (78) ◽  
pp. 5-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Whitrow
Keyword(s):  
Natural Law ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
External World ◽  
The Other ◽  
Philosophical Discussion ◽  
Metaphysical Necessity ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of

The history of Natural Philosophy is dominated by a paradox; broadly speaking, a vast increase in its range of application to the external world has been accompanied by a sweeping simplification in its basic assumptions. From the standpoint of Empiricism this dual development appears utterly mysterious. On the other hand, Rationalism, which seeks to demonstrate the metaphysical necessity of natural law, and hence might throw light on this development, has been generally discredited, particularly by men of science. It is not surprising, therefore, that philosophical discussion of scientific method has become a Babel of confusing tongues.

scholarly journals SIGNIFYING RELIGION IN SYMBOL: LOOKING UP THE RISE OF INDONESIAN RED CRESCENT (BSMI) IN PUBLIC LIFE

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-270
Author(s):  
Taufiqurrohim Taufiqurrohim ◽  
Ahmad Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Public Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Semiotic Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
In The Beginning

In the beginning, the surface of BSMI problematizes the red symbol that was used by PMI because it was analyzed as a Christian symbol, feeling hesitant when used as a cross symbol in humanitarian missions is the basic reason as their appearance of religiosities in public life. Talking about the symbol, the crescent has a long history of how it can be “identified” as a symbol of Islam and how the people identified those as an identity of the religion by signifying sacred behind the symbol. The symbolization of religion cannot be separated from the method of semiotic approach where explains the science of sign. Through this sign, people can find their identity and communicatewith each other as social interaction and also find a sacred behind the symbol. For the last theory, I would use the social movement and development that indicate the turn organization not only happen in the case of philanthropy but also will eradicate to the other social application movement. Therefore, in my opinion, the surface of BSMI cannot be rid by the development of crescent symbol interpretation as a symbolization of religious identity due to symbolism as a way to communicate and interact with society

scholarly journals Ethonomics & the History of Economic Thought

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 223-232
Author(s):  
Ahmad Jafari Samimi
Keyword(s):  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
The Other ◽  
History Of Economic Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this paper is to survey the relationship between economics and ethics in the history of economic thought. So the descriptive methodology of research is applied to find study and analyze the references which have been written about the matter. The conclusion shows that economics not only hasn’t been detached from ethics, but also has been the subdirectory of ethics in the beginning. In the other word economics grew out of moral philosophy and eventually became one of the moral sciences but these two sciences detached from each other as times go on, and this detachment is not part of the tradition of economics.

‘In the tents of the King as well as the Muses’

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-90
Author(s):  
Alastair Compston
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Muscular Movement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Major Figure

Chapter 1, ‘In the tents of the King as well as the Muses: The life and reputation of Thomas Willis’, starts with the reaction to Willis’s death, aged 54, in 1675. From there, an account is given of Willis’s childhood and education in Oxford and his activities supporting the Royalist cause during the Civil War. After training in medicine, Willis’s casebook, involvement with the Oxford Experimental Philosophical Club and the episode of Anne Greene, spared from dissection through resuscitation after judicial hanging, and his lectures as Sedleian professor of Natural Philosophy in Oxford, are described. After moving to London in 1667, Willis was in demand as a physician and involved with the other Fellows of the Royal Society in reshaping ideas on respiration, fermentation, and muscular movement. The chapter ends with an analysis of the consolidation of Willis’s reputation as a major figure in the history of medicine.{146 words}

Analytical comparative study of the Umayyad mosaics in Tiberius and Jericho: دراسة تحليلية مقارنة للفسيفساء الأموية "في طبريا وأريحا "

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 97-85
Author(s):  
Gamal Abdel-Rehem Ibrahim Hassan, Khayriah Mohammad Hamdan H Gamal Abdel-Rehem Ibrahim Hassan, Khayriah Mohammad Hamdan H
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Fine Art ◽  
The Other ◽  
Islamic Art ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
Similarities And Differences

The aim of the research was to analyze the artistic decorations of the mosaic of the ancient Umayyad civilization in Palestine in the light of a comparative study between the most important umayyad palaces in Khirbet al-Minya in Tiberias and Khirbet al-Masrif in Jericho. There is no doubt that the archaeological site of Khirbet al-Monaina in Palestine has played a major role in the decoration of floors and walls, where we find it covering the dome above the top of the huge hall of the palace and take geometric and floral motifs, in addition to covering some of the floors of rooms filled with many mosaics of various shapes and use. On the other hand, there is a consensus among archaeologists and Islamic arts that the ruins of Khirbet al-Mafjar are unique architectural buildings in Palestine, which represent one of the important examples in the history of Islamic art in the Umayyad period, because of its possession of fine art decorations and various materials of plaster, in addition to mosaic floors and frescoes, as well as buildings rich in examples of patterns used by the Umayyads in architectural decoration. After the comparative analytical study of the Umayyad mosaic in Khirbet al-Mania in Tiberias and Khirbet al-Mafjar in Jericho, the research found out and discovered the similarities and differences between them.

scholarly journals Praktik Seksualitas Menyimpang Masyarakat Muslim-Minangkabau: Kajian Neo-Historisisme terhadap Film Titian Serambut Dibelah Tujuh

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Dedi Arsa
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Old Order ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
Deviant Sexuality

<p><em>This article discusses the practices of deviant sexuality in the Muslim-Minangkabau community depicted in early Indonesian films in relation to the socio-cultural context in the film as well as the socio-cultural context when the film was produced. The film in question is </em>Titian Serambut Dibelah Tujuh<em> by Asrul Sani. In this film some of the deviant practices of sexuality depicted are homosexuality, lesbianity, and hypersexuality (through the practice of rape). Using a neo-historicalism approach, which looks at the relation of literary texts (films) to their historical space and time, the narratives in this film relate to the context of their presence in the midst of Indonesian social reality and the setting of the film itself: this film exists as a critique of moral decadence The Old Order, which celebrates sexuality in public spaces and on the other hand, also describes the background society (which is also where the writer of the scenario came from) where the practices of sexuality diverged have their own traces in the history of this society.</em><em></em></p><p>Artikel ini membahas praktik-praktik seksualitas menyimpang di tengah masyarakat Muslim-Minangkabau yang digambarkan dalam film Indonesia awal dalam relasinya dengan konteks sosial-budaya dalam film maupun konteks sosial-budaya ketika film ini diproduksi. Film yang dimaksud adalah <em>Titian Serambut Dibelah Tujuh</em> karya Asrul Sani. Dalam film ini beberapa praktik seksualitas menyimpang yang digambar adalah homoseksualitas, lesbianitas, dan hiperseksualitas (lewat praktik perkosaan). Dengan menggunakan pendekatan neo-historisisme, yang melihat relasi teks sastra (film) dengan ruang dan waktu historisnya, narasi-narasi dalam film ini terkait dengan konteks kehadirannya di tengah realitas sosial Indonesia dan latar filmnya itu sendiri: <em>f</em><em>ilm ini hadir sebagai kritik atas dekadensi moral Orde Lama yang merayakan b</em><em>i</em><em>nalitas-seksualitas di ruang publik</em><em> dan d</em><em>i sisi lain,</em><em> </em>juga menggambarkan masyarakat latar (yang juga dari mana si penulis skenarionya berasal) di mana praktik-praktik seksualitas menyimpang punya jejaknya tersendiri dalam sejarah puak ini.</p>

Neo-Darwinian Cosmologies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Strachan Donnelley
Keyword(s):  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Ernst Mayr ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Hans Jonas ◽  
Organic Life ◽  
Life Itself ◽  
History Of ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Relationship

In this chapter, Donnelley argues that evolutionary theory constitutes one of the most profound revolutions in the whole history of Western science and philosophy. The relational cosmology developed by Spinoza and Whitehead had then to take a decisive turn when it came into contact with an evolutionary perspective and was more explicated as a philosophy of organic life. This is exemplified, for Donnelley, in the work of Hans Jonas, who developed a new philosophy of organic life, and Ernst Mayr, who was instrumental in showing the genetic basis of Darwinian natural selection and who contributed as well as a historian and philosopher of science. Donnelley reviews the similarities and differences of these two thinkers in terms of materialism, causation, and the relationship between natural science and natural philosophy. He concludes that Mayr is the philosopher and ethical champion of natural and human becoming. Jonas, on the other hand, is the philosopher and ethical champion of organic and human being. He is less stunned by the innumerable material forms and processes of life than by the very fact of life itself and especially organic life’s capacity for moral responsibility, evidenced in human beings.

Einstein’s Derivation of E=mc2

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-54
Author(s):  
Jim Baggott
Keyword(s):  
Special Theory ◽  
Absolute Space ◽  
Hamiltonian Mechanics ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Special Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Newton’S Laws

Hamiltonian mechanics did not rid the structure of its dependence on Newton’s absolute space and time. And Maxwell’s electrodynamics demanded an ether that could not be found, no matter how hard the physicists looked for it. Einstein judged that the solution to these thorny problems demanded a firmly pragmatic approach in which the ‘observer’ takes centre-stage. To understand the physics correctly, we must accept that this is physics as seen from the perspective of someone or something inside the reality that is being observed or measured. Such an observer is implicit in the physics of Newton. But Newton’s laws are formulated as though the observer can be imagined to sit outside of the reality in which all the action is taking place. The result is Einstein’s special theory of relativity, which he published in June 1905. In September, he published an addendum in which he derived the iconic formula E=mc2.

In the Beginning was the Codex: the Early Church and its Revolutionary Books

2004 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Stuart G. Hall
Keyword(s):  
History Of The Book ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Church ◽  
Book Production ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
History Of ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Revolution

A revolution in book-production marked the beginning of the Church. Almost all literary works were written on scrolls (or roll-books), and were read by unrolling from one hand to the other. It was and remains the obligatory form of the Jewish Torah-scroll. The revolution replaced the roll with the codex or leaf-book of papyrus or parchment: ‘the most momentous development in the history of the book until the invention of printing’. A quire or quires of papyrus or parchment, folded and bound at the back, produced the kind of book with pages familiar to us.

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