scholarly journals Decision making process and modes of governance: A comparative study between Brazilian and British hospitals

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-187
Author(s):  
Marcio Augusto Goncalves ◽  
Carlos Alberto Gonçalves ◽  
Marcia Mascarenhas Alemao
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cost Information ◽  
Quantitative Survey ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Modes Of Governance

This study was carried out to investigate similarities and differences in the decision-making process of managers (both, administrative and/or clinicians) within hospitals, taking as references Brazil and Great Britain and considering the cost information use. Exploratory and quantitative survey methods were used to test research questions. The research was undertaken in hospitals of the West Midlands Region/Great Britain and Minas Gerais State/Brazil. Hence, 26 hospitals in Great Britain and 22 in Brazil were detected as eligible and 150 intermediate level managers were randomly selected as units of research in each country. These organisations were considered public and possessing common and compatible characteristics with the intended research. After conducting the survey, using a structured questionnaire, semi-structured interviews with middle managers at chosen case study hospitals were undertaken. This work used quantitative survey methods to test the research questions but further understanding is gained through the use of case study interviews. In the cases analyzed, it was possible to identify significant differences in the decision making process considering the use of cost information in hospitals. This work also allowed inferences between the modes of governance in terms of the decision making process. The hospitals managers should curb situations that increase opportunism in decision-making process due to efficiency of process and control of costs procedures

scholarly journals Modes of governance and the use of cost information: a comparative study between Brazilian and British hospitals

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-379
Author(s):  
Márcio Augusto Gonçalves ◽  
Reynaldo Maia Muniz ◽  
Márcia Mascarenhas Alemão ◽  
Lucas Maia dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Survey Methods ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cost Information ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Modes Of Governance

Cost information can be considered an important tool to benchmarking, planning and control, improving the management of expenditures, mainly in a public institution that are known by having scarce resources. This study was carried out to investigate different modes of governance within Brazilian and British hospitals and the usefulness of cost information in terms of managerial plannig and control. The research was conducted by cross cultural analysis, using several statistical methods for measuring organisation characteristics, seeking to gain a deeper understanding of the profile of both hospitals and respondents. This study showed the dominance of hierarchy and clan as being the most relevant modes of governance in Brazilian and British hospitals. This discussion is relevant considering the congruence level of goals and the ambiguity level of performance measurement. Also, it defines which form of governance is more predominant. The exploratory and quantitative survey methods were used to test the research questions. After conducting a survey using a structured questionnaire, semi-structured interviews with middle managers at chosen case study hospitals were undertaken. In the cases analyzed, it was possible to identify a significant difference between the use of cost information in hospitals, allowing inferences between different modes of governance. The lack of studies about the use of cost information in planning and control regarding public hospitals impedes any other comparison or assessment considering empirical data. One of the objectives of this paper was to generate initial material for future researchers. Besides, the knowledge about the current scenario of the usefulness of cost information mainly in planning and control is relevant when associated with modes of governance.

scholarly journals Community Involvement and Participation in Tourism Development in Tanzania: A Case Study of Local Communities in Barabarani Village, Mto wa Mbu, Arusha-Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Muganda Michael
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Local People ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Community Tourism ◽  
Research Questions

<p>This thesis discusses the involvement and participation of local communities in tourism development in Tanzania using a case study of local communities in Barabarani village, Mto wa Mbu, Arusha. To explore this research topic, the thesis examines three key concepts: community participation in the tourism development decision-making process; community participation in the sharing of tourism benefits; and the contribution of tourism development to poverty alleviation. To achieve these systematically, the research is guided by five inter-related research questions: (1) what are the views of local people towards community involvement in tourism development; (2) what are appropriate roles of local people in tourism development; (3) to what extent do local people participate in the tourism development decision-making process; (4) to what extent have tourism businesses developed benefit-sharing schemes; and (5) what are the views of the local people on the contribution of tourism development towards poverty reduction. To gain a rich understanding of the context of the research, the thesis employs a case study approach, which enables: investigation at the community level to bring together perspectives from the grass-root level, where little research on this topic has been done; involvement of multiple stakeholders that explores perspectives from a range of stakeholders (ordinary members of the community, decision-makers within the community, tourism professionals, tourism businesses and NGOs); and the use of multiple methods (household survey, interviews, field observations, document analysis, and informal discussions). Such an approach improves the validity of the findings and successfully addresses the central research questions. Both quantitative and qualitative data generated from these techniques are analysed, integrated and compared, and are used to complement each other. Based on the findings obtained from multiple methods, this research concludes that local people wish to play a role in the tourism development decision-making process. In general, local people want to see decisions about tourism development in their area made jointly by government officials and local leaders in consultation with the local community. They also want to be involved in the sharing of tourism benefits. Tourism businesses have developed benefit-sharing schemes that favour local people to access tourism benefits. These schemes include local employment, local capacity building, and sharing tourism profits with the wider community. Tourism development is contributing positively towards poverty alleviation, and has made improvement on accessibility, prices of goods and services, employment, entrepreneurial training, income-generating projects, household incomes and general quality of life though the extent of contribution vary from one aspect to another.</p>

scholarly journals Community Involvement and Participation in Tourism Development in Tanzania: A Case Study of Local Communities in Barabarani Village, Mto wa Mbu, Arusha-Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Muganda Michael
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Local People ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Community Tourism ◽  
Research Questions

<p>This thesis discusses the involvement and participation of local communities in tourism development in Tanzania using a case study of local communities in Barabarani village, Mto wa Mbu, Arusha. To explore this research topic, the thesis examines three key concepts: community participation in the tourism development decision-making process; community participation in the sharing of tourism benefits; and the contribution of tourism development to poverty alleviation. To achieve these systematically, the research is guided by five inter-related research questions: (1) what are the views of local people towards community involvement in tourism development; (2) what are appropriate roles of local people in tourism development; (3) to what extent do local people participate in the tourism development decision-making process; (4) to what extent have tourism businesses developed benefit-sharing schemes; and (5) what are the views of the local people on the contribution of tourism development towards poverty reduction. To gain a rich understanding of the context of the research, the thesis employs a case study approach, which enables: investigation at the community level to bring together perspectives from the grass-root level, where little research on this topic has been done; involvement of multiple stakeholders that explores perspectives from a range of stakeholders (ordinary members of the community, decision-makers within the community, tourism professionals, tourism businesses and NGOs); and the use of multiple methods (household survey, interviews, field observations, document analysis, and informal discussions). Such an approach improves the validity of the findings and successfully addresses the central research questions. Both quantitative and qualitative data generated from these techniques are analysed, integrated and compared, and are used to complement each other. Based on the findings obtained from multiple methods, this research concludes that local people wish to play a role in the tourism development decision-making process. In general, local people want to see decisions about tourism development in their area made jointly by government officials and local leaders in consultation with the local community. They also want to be involved in the sharing of tourism benefits. Tourism businesses have developed benefit-sharing schemes that favour local people to access tourism benefits. These schemes include local employment, local capacity building, and sharing tourism profits with the wider community. Tourism development is contributing positively towards poverty alleviation, and has made improvement on accessibility, prices of goods and services, employment, entrepreneurial training, income-generating projects, household incomes and general quality of life though the extent of contribution vary from one aspect to another.</p>

scholarly journals Preliminary Interview Study on the Opioid Prescription Decision Making Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 234-237
Author(s):  
Xiaomei Wang ◽  
Emilie M. Roth ◽  
Tracy Kim ◽  
Jessica Arora ◽  
Ella S. Franklin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Aid ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Opioid Prescription ◽  
Support Tools ◽  
Communication Challenges ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Opioid Medications

To date, studies have found scattered and inconsistent use of existing opioid prescription support tools, such as Prescription Drug Monitoring Systems (PDMPs) and guidelines, and little research has been done to identify barriers for adopting them and better ways to support clinician decision making. This pilot study aims to better understand the flow, resources used, and challenges faced when prescribing opioid medications. The study will help shape research questions for a larger study geared towards informing future decision aid designs and considerations for clinicians in the emergency department (ED). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a total of six emergency medicine physicians and nurses using an abbreviated variant of the Critical Decision Method. Discussions were focused around how participants made their decisions and what was difficult about them, in addition to whether current aids and tools are helpful. Common themes were identified from free-text notes in the following categories: cognitive and communication challenges, challenges with existing tools and databases, and decision-making strategies. Nurse responses were most commonly related to gaps in communication between physicians and patients and ensuring patient satisfaction. Physicians most commonly reported challenges with existing tools. While existing resources were said to be very helpful, several improvements were suggested by each group. By understanding these types of challenges and dynamics between physicians and nurses in the ED, we can better identify ways to improve the design of opioid prescription decision-making aids in the future.

scholarly journals Airport 4.0 – Technology Adoption Framework for Airports (TAFA)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Hao Tan ◽  
Tariq Masood
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Technology Implementation ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
The World ◽  
Industry Survey

Airports have taken centre stage in the fight against the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and adoption of technologies has been instrumental in helping airport operators to mitigate operational and health concerns relating to the pandemic. A novel framework for the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies was developed based on the insights gathered from an industry survey of 102 airport operators and managers around the world and 17 semi-structured interviews. The framework provides a ‘three-proof’ approach (proof of technology, proof of operations and proof of business) to guide airport operators in their decision-making process in adopting Industry 4.0 technologies in airports. This framework is further verified through a case study of the technology implementation efforts of a leading Asian airport.

scholarly journals Factors influencing Intensive Care Units nurses in end-of-life decisions

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 0572-0579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Freire Baliza ◽  
Regina Szylit Bousso ◽  
Kátia Poles ◽  
Maiara Rodrigues dos Santos ◽  
Lucía Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
End Of Life Decisions ◽  
Family Centered

OBJECTIVETo identify the factors that influence the Intensive Care Unit nurse in the decision-making process in end-of-life situations.METHODEthnographic case study, which used the theoretical framework of medical anthropology. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 10 nurses.RESULTSThe inductive thematic analysis enabled us to identify four themes:The cultural context of the Intensive Care Unit: decision-making in situations of end-of-life; Beliefs and subjectivity of care in end-of-life situations; Professional experience and context characteristics of end-of-life care situations; and Humanization practices in end-of-life situations: the patient and family centered care.CONCLUSIONProfessional maturity, the ability to transmit information and the ability to negotiate are directly related to the inclusion of nurses in the decision-making process.

Did Groupthink or Polythink Derail the 2016 Raqqa Offensive?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasey Barr ◽  
Alex Mintz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Study Analysis ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
The Us ◽  
Tactical Decisions

This chapter examines the effect of group dynamics on the 2016 decision within the administration of President Barack Obama to lead the international coalition in a mission to liberate Raqqa, Syria, from the Islamic State. The authors show that whereas the groupthink syndrome characterized the decision-making process of the US-led coalition’s decision to attack Raqqa, it was polythink that characterized the decision-making dynamics both in the US-led coalition and within the inner circle of Obama’s own foreign policy advisors. Through case-study analysis, the authors illustrate that groupthink is more likely in strategic decisions, whereas polythink is more likely in tactical decisions.

scholarly journals The Impact of Social Media Use on Consumers’ Restaurant Consumption Experiences: A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6581
Author(s):  
Jooyoung Hwang ◽  
Anita Eves ◽  
Jason L. Stienmetz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
High Standards ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality Industry ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality ◽  
Search For Information ◽  
The Impact

Travellers have high standards and regard restaurants as important travel attributes. In the tourism and hospitality industry, the use of developed tools (e.g., smartphones and location-based tablets) has been popularised as a way for travellers to easily search for information and to book venues. Qualitative research using semi-structured interviews based on the face-to-face approach was adopted for this study to examine how consumers’ restaurant selection processes are performed with the utilisation of social media on smartphones. Then, thematic analysis was adopted. The findings of this research show that the adoption of social media on smartphones is positively related with consumers’ gratification. More specifically, when consumers regard that process, content and social gratification are satisfied, their intention to adopt social media is fulfilled. It is suggested by this study that consumers’ restaurant decision-making process needs to be understood, as each stage of the decision-making process is not independent; all the stages of the restaurant selection process are organically connected and influence one another.

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