scholarly journals Performing the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab for 2019-Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) safely: how to dress, undress, and technical notes

Authorea ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale Di Maio MD
Keyword(s):  
Oropharyngeal Swab ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Design of an Emergency Department (ED) for COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Sadiye Yolcu
Keyword(s):  
Viral Disease ◽  
Emergency Physicians ◽  
Healthcare Staff ◽  
Frontline Workers ◽  
Main Complaint ◽  
Ct Evaluation ◽  
Oropharyngeal Swab ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Quality Reports

Dear Editor, At December 2019, viral pneumonia cases were reported due to novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China.1That viral disease has become a world-wide pandemic and affected nearly 1.2 billions of people on earth.  Number of deaths related with the COVID-19 is more than 60.000 after 4 April 2020.2 The most important effect of COVID-19 on the health system was crowdedness of EDs. Alot of anxious patients had problems to reach a healthcare professional. Increment of the demand of outpatient presentation caused difficulties in the health systems. The frontline workers almostly tried to make a rapid and accurate triage at the beginning, then we have become more and more experienced each day. Criteria and guidelines both for diagnosis and treatment have been changing each day, so we all need to follow the latest guidelines and high quality reports.3   The second problem is to protect the COVID-19 negative patients and healthcare staff from the infected patients. It is important to isolate the infected or suspect patients immidiately at isolated areas. Adana City Research & Education Hospital is the biggest hospital of the region with with nearly 2000 beds. Daily 150 ambulance and and a total of 1500 patients present to the ED each day, which was settled on 3 thousand meters square area. There are 28 emergency physicians and 34 emergency residents working in the ED. We constructed a COVID-19 hospital council and decided to re-design the ED for up-coming COVID-19 presentations after the WHO pandemic annoucement. We moved the ambulance enterance into the main outpatient enterance first and we built a COVID-19 unit on that area (previous ambulance enterance) which includes a computed tomography. There are three  outpatient COVID-19 clinics at the enterance and one seperated room for suspect COVID-19 patients brought with ambulance. We are taking the naso-oropharyngeal swab in these clinics and patients undergo CT evaluation here. At the end of the corridor, there is monitored unit to follow up COVID-19 suspect patients with 12 beds. There are also 3 rooms for stable suspect COVID-19 patients. The hospital COVID-19 council seperated the full block for COVID-19 patients which is above the ED. We have a seperated COVID-19 area elevator for taking patients to the ICUs and inpatient clinics at the same block. There are about 400 beds at this block including ICU beds. On the other hand, we evaluated the non-COVID-19 patients, both ambulance and outpatients, at the protected area. There is an ambulance enterance and two triage rooms managed by senior nurses. After the triage, patients are examined by the residents at the examination area. Then these patients are followed up at monitored or non-monitored units (Figure 1). The ambulance brings the patient directly to the monitored observation unit and is being met by an emergency physician. We settled a frontline triage in front of the normal enterance. All outpatients first are met here by a nurse here. The nurse is checking for temperature and the main complaint of the patients...

AN EPIDEMIOLOGY-CLINICAL CORRELATION OF VIRAL LOAD AS MEASURED BY CYCLE THRESHOLD VALUE BY RT-PCR IN COVID-1

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Atrikumar P. Patel ◽  
Palak Shah ◽  
Pavan Acharya ◽  
Monila N. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Clinical Correlation ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Oropharyngeal Swab ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The 2019 novel coronavirus [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)] was rst documented in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and spread across the globe resulting in [1]. signicant global morbidity and mortality Diagnosis of COVID-19 is mainly done by nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab RT-PCR (Reverse transcriptase - polymerase chain reaction). Real time RT-PCR is of great interest today for detection of SARS- CoV-2 due to its benets as a specic assay.

scholarly journals Reports of Coding-Complete Genome Sequences of Five 2019 Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Strains Isolated in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Imran Khan ◽  
Kazi Nadim Hasan ◽  
Abu Sufian ◽  
M. Bayejid Hosen ◽  
Mohammed Nafiz Imtiaz Polol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Travel History ◽  
Oropharyngeal Swab ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

ABSTRACT This study determined five coding-complete genome sequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strains isolated from oropharyngeal swab specimens of Bangladeshi patients who were diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and had no travel history.

scholarly journals What is the probability that this patient, who presents to a UK hospital, will be diagnosed with Covid-19? Prospective validation of the open-source CovidCalculatorUK resource

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Chapman ◽  
Lewis Mundell ◽  
Charlotte H. Harrison ◽  
Tamsin Cargill ◽  
Odhran Keating ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Online Tool ◽  
Senior Clinician ◽  
Oropharyngeal Swab ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Positive Results

AbstractIntroductionThe novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 and the associated disease, Covid-19, continue to pose a global health threat. The CovidCalculatorUK is an open-source online tool (covidcalculatoruk.org) that estimates the probability that an individual patient, who presents to a UK hospital, will later test positive for SARS-CoV2. The objective is to aid cohorting decisions and minimise nosocomial transmission of SARS-CoV2.MethodsThis n = 500 prospective, observational, multicentre, validation study compared the CovidCalculatorUK’s estimated probability of Covid-19 with the first SARS-CoV2 oropharyngeal/nasopharyngeal swab result for individual patients admitted to hospital during the study period (01.04.20 − 18.05.20). A comparison with senior clinicians’ estimates of the probability of Covid-19 was also made.ResultsPatients who were prospectively grouped, by the CovidCalculatorUK, into 0-30% estimated probability, 30-60% and 60-100% estimated probability went on to have first swab SARS-CoV2 positive results in: 15.7%, 30.5% and 61.9% of cases, respectively. CovidCalculatorUK performance demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.76 (95% CI 0.71 – 0.81) (p < 0.001). Senior clinician stratification of the estimated probability of Covid-19 performed similarly to the CovidCalculatorUK.ConclusionThe CovidCalculatorUK provides a reasonably accurate estimate of the probability of an individual testing positive on their first SARS-CoV2 nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab. The CovidCalculatorUK output performs similarly to a senior clinician’s estimate. Further evolution of the calculator may improve performance.

scholarly journals Performing the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab for 2019‐novel coronavirus ( SARS‐CoV ‐2) safely: How to dress, undress, and technical notes

Head & Neck ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1548-1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasquale Di Maio ◽  
Oreste Iocca ◽  
Antonio Cavallero ◽  
Marco Giudice
Keyword(s):  
Oropharyngeal Swab ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of a 2019 Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Strain Isolated in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjit Sah ◽  
Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales ◽  
Runa Jha ◽  
Daniel K. W. Chu ◽  
Haogao Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Oropharyngeal Swab ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Swab Specimen

A complete genome sequence was obtained for a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strain isolated from an oropharyngeal swab specimen of a Nepalese patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), who had returned to Nepal after traveling to Wuhan, China.

scholarly journals Clinical Profile of Cases of COVID-19 in Far Western Province of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagadish Joshi ◽  
Pradip Mishra ◽  
Sher Bahadur Kamar ◽  
Nirajan Datta Sharma ◽  
Janaki Parajuli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirate ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Male Preponderance ◽  
Oropharyngeal Swab ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Isolation Ward ◽  
Local Transmission

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) cause various symptoms such as pneumonia, fever, breathing difficult and lung infection. Till now, total 9 cases are reported in Nepal and 4 cases from this province. This case series is to describe the initial clinical features of COVID-19 among the patients admitted in isolation ward of Seti Provincial Hospital. Oropharyngeal swab was taken from all four patients and sample was transfer to national reference laboratory. Three patients were coming from infected country and one is local transmission. Age of patients was range from 20 to 40 years of age with male preponderance. The patient coming from United Arab Emirate was presented with mild symptoms and others were asymptomatic. More tests, contact tracing and keeping them in quarantine are the necessitated action need to be taken by government of Nepal.Keywords: COVID-19; local transmission; oropharyngeal swab

scholarly journals Diagnostic testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection in HHT patients: nasopharyngeal versus oropharyngeal swab

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Pagella ◽  
Roberta Lizzio ◽  
Sara Ugolini ◽  
Giuseppe Spinozzi ◽  
Eugenia Maiorano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Recurrent Epistaxis ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Dominant Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Oropharyngeal Swab ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

AbstractOn March 11, 2020, WHO has defined the novel coronavirus disease SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) outbreak as a pandemic that still today continues to affect much of the world. Among the reasons for the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection, there is the role of asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic carriers. Therefore diagnostic testing is central to contain the global pandemic. Up to now real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction-based molecular assays for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory specimens is the current reference standard for COVID-19 diagnosis. Based on current knowledge regarding the sensitivity of the molecular test, the highest positive detection rate is from lower respiratory tract specimens; alternatively it is possible to perform a nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab. Nasopharyngeal swab is the preferred choice for SARS-CoV-2 testing since it seems to have a greater sensitivity; however the procedure is not always free of complications and an epistaxis can occur. Among patients with greatest risk of massive nosebleed there are HHT patients. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia is an autosomal dominant disease that leads to multiregional mucocutanous telangiectases and visceral arteriovenous malformations. Clinically, the presence of telangiectases in nasal mucosa is the cause of recurrent epistaxis. In HHT patients the execution of the nasopharyngeal swab can determine from little or no consequences to a massive epistaxis leading to the necessity of nasal packing generally followed by hospital admission. In HHT patients undergoing a diagnostic test to evaluate the SARS-CoV-2 infection status, especially in those patients with frequent epistaxis with a history of anemia and repeated hospitalizations, it is therefore advisable to perform an oropharyngeal swab. This, compared to the nasopharyngeal swab, exposes to a lower risk of severe nosebleeds related treatments, such as blood transfusions or invasive procedures. According to the risk-benefit assessment and based on our experience, we consider that, despite a lower diagnostic sensitivity, oropharyngeal swab is preferable to nasopharyngeal swab for the diagnosis of SARS CoV-2 infection in patients with HHT.

scholarly journals Near-Complete Genome Sequence of a 2019 Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Strain Causing a COVID-19 Case in Peru

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Padilla-Rojas ◽  
Priscila Lope-Pari ◽  
Karolyn Vega-Chozo ◽  
Johanna Balbuena-Torres ◽  
Omar Caceres-Rey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Oropharyngeal Swab ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

A near-complete genome sequence was obtained for a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) strain obtained from an oropharyngeal swab from a Peruvian patient with coronavirus syndrome (COVID-19) who had contact with an individual who had returned to Peru from travel to Italy.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of various clinical specimens in detection of SARS-CoV-2 using rRT-PCR in new and follow up cases of COVID-19 infection: Quest for the best choice

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249408
Author(s):  
Kuldeep Sharma ◽  
Pragya Aggarwala ◽  
Deepa Gandhi ◽  
Anuniti Mathias ◽  
Priyanka Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
High Viral Load ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Virus Clearance ◽  
Oropharyngeal Swab ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control

Background An appropriate specimen is of paramount importance in Real Time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) based diagnosis of novel coronavirus (nCoV) disease (COVID-19). Thus, it’s pertinent to evaluate various diversified clinical specimens’ diagnostic utility in both diagnosis and follow-up of COVID-19. Methods A total of 924 initial specimens from 130 COVID-19 symptomatic cases before initiation of treatment and 665 follow up specimens from 15 randomly selected cases comprising of equal number of nasopharyngeal swab (NPS), oropharyngeal swab (OPS), combined NPS and OPS (Combined swab), sputum, plasma, serum and urine were evaluated by rRT-PCR. Results Demographic analysis showed males (86) twice more affected by COVID-19 than females (44) (p = 0.00001). Combined swabs showed a positivity rate of 100% followed by NPS (91.5%), OPS (72.3%), sputum (63%), while nCoV was found undetected in urine, plasma and serum specimens. The lowest cycle threshold (Ct) values of targeted genes E, ORF1b and RdRP are 10.56, 10.14 and 12.26 respectively and their lowest average Ct values were found in combined swab which indicates high viral load in combined swab among all other specimen types. Analysis of 665 follow-up multi-varied specimens also showed combined swab as the last specimen among all specimen types to become negative, after an average 6.6 (range 4–10) days post-treatment, having lowest (15.48) and average (29.96) Ct values of ORF1b respectively indicating posterior nasopharyngeal tract as primary nCoV afflicted site with high viral load. Conclusion The combined swab may be recommended as a more appropriate specimen for both diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19 treatment by rRT-PCR for assessing virus clearance to help physicians in taking evidence-based decision before discharging patients. Implementing combined swabs globally will definitely help in management and control of the pandemic, as it is the need of the hour.

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