scholarly journals Olfactory training assists in olfactory recovery after sinonasal surgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joon Yong Park ◽  
Jiyeon Lee ◽  
Hansol Kim ◽  
Taesik Jung ◽  
Jin Kook Kim
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Identification Score ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Olfactory Impairment ◽  
Initial Score ◽  
Sensory Neural ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Olfactory Training

Abstract Objectives: In patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a common complaint. The focus of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of olfactory training (OT) in patients with CRS after sinonasal surgery. Design : Prospective controlled trial. Participants: We enrolled 111 Korean CRS patients who underwent sinonasal surgery. Main Outcome Measures: At baseline and three months after starting OT, both participants were assessed by an olfactory function test and endoscopy. The Korean version of the Sniffin’ stick II (KVSS-II) was used to perform the olfactory function test. A visual analog scale and the Mini-Mental State Examination were used to assess nasal and psychological functions. Over the course of three months, five odorants were used in OT (rose, lemon, cinnamon, orange, and peach). Results: Over a 12-week duration, OT increased olfactory activity in nearly 62 percent of subjects than in non-OT subjects. The OT group had significantly higher olfactory outcomes for the total KVSS-II and identification scores than the non-OT group between the initial and follow-up assessments. The initial score influenced the degree of olfactory improvement after OT. Conclusions: OT patients exhibited significantly higher total KVSS-II scores compared with non-OT patients after sinonasal surgery; in particular, the odor identification score was different between the two groups. The results of this study show that a 12-week period of repeated short-term exposure to various odors could be useful in enhancing olfactory activity in patients who underwent sinonasal surgery for the improvement of sensory-neural olfactory impairment.

scholarly journals Exposure to odours improves olfactory function in healthy children

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
E. Mori ◽  
W. Petters ◽  
V.A. Schriever ◽  
C. Valder ◽  
T. Hummel
Keyword(s):  
Training Group ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Olfactory Sensitivity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Olfactory Testing ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Olfactory Training

Background: Short-term exposure to odours, also called "olfactory training" has been shown to improve olfactory function in healthy people but also in people with olfactory loss. Aim of this single center, prospective, controlled study was to investigate the change of olfactory function following twice-daily, short-term exposure to 4 odours over a period of approximately 12 weeks. Material and methods: We compared odour identification abilities and odour thresholds between an olfactory training group (TR group) and a group that did not perform such training (noTR group). Participants exposed themselves twice daily to 4 odours ("rose", "eucalyptus", "lemon", "clove"). Olfactory testing was performed before and after the training period using the "Sniffin' Sticks" test kit (odour identification plus odour thresholds). Results: At baseline the two groups were not significantly different in terms of age and measures of olfactory sensitivity. The TR group performed significantly better for odour thresholds for all 4 odours compared to the noTR group after 12 weeks of olfactory training. Also, with regard to odour identification the TR group outperformed the noTR group. No significant differences were found for diary-based intensity ratings. Conclusion: Repeated exposure to odours seems to improve general olfactory sensitivity in children.

scholarly journals Functional Olfactory Nerve Regeneration Demonstrated by Thallium-201 Olfacto-Scintigraphy in Patients with Traumatic Anosmia: A Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rong-San Jiang ◽  
Yu-Yu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Olfactory Nerve ◽  
Thallium 201 ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Olfactory Training

Head trauma is one of the most common etiologies of olfactory dysfunction. It is difficult to use either the olfactory function test or magnetic resonance imaging to directly assess the course of damage to olfactory nerves. Thallium-201 (201Tl) olfacto-scintigraphy has been shown to be an able means for objectively assessing the olfactory nerve transport function. It is expected to be used to evaluate olfactory nerve regeneration after damage to the olfactory nerves. However, no such result has been reported. We present a patient who lost his olfactory function after experiencing head trauma. When his olfactory function remained anosmic, a 201Tl olfacto-scintigraphy showed no migration of 201Tl from the nasal mucosa to the olfactory bulb. After treatment with medicines and olfactory training, his olfactory function improved. A second 201Tl olfacto-scintigraphy showed an increased migration of 201Tl from the nasal mucosa to the olfactory bulb.

scholarly journals Postinfectious Olfactory Dysfunction: Oral Steroids and Olfactory Training versus Olfactory Training Alone: Is There any Benefit from Steroids?

ORL ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sotiria Genetzaki ◽  
Evangelia Tsakiropoulou ◽  
Vasilios Nikolaidis ◽  
Konstantinos Markou ◽  
Iordanis Konstantinidis
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Line Treatment ◽  
First Line ◽  
Olfactory Testing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Oral Steroids ◽  
Group A ◽  
Olfactory Training ◽  
First Line Treatment

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> There are limited treatment options for postinfectious olfactory dysfunction (PIOD). Olfactory training has recently been used in clinical practice, but no medical treatment is widely accepted. Although there is weak evidence for their value, some physicians use oral corticosteroids as first-line treatment. The aim of this study was to compare combined oral methylprednisolone and olfactory training with olfactory training alone in the management of PIOD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This prospective cohort study included 131 patients with PIOD over a 2-year period before the COVID-19 pandemic. Seventy-eight patients who were treated with oral methylprednisolone and olfactory training (group A) were compared with 53 patients who were treated with olfactory training only (group B). Olfactory function was evaluated with “Sniffin’ Sticks” at baseline and 2, 8, and 16 weeks after initial assessment. Patients who improved after steroid treatment underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the paranasal sinuses, skin prick tests, lung spirometry, and sputum eosinophil assessment. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Oral steroids improved 19.23% of patients (<i>n</i> = 15) of group A. History, clinical evaluation, imaging, and laboratory tests identified an inflammatory background in half of them (<i>n</i> = 8). The remaining 7 had no findings of nasal inflammation, and all had a short history of olfactory dysfunction. Both groups significantly improved in olfactory testing results at the end of the olfactory training scheme without significant difference between them. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The percentage of improved patients after oral methylprednisolone was relatively low to suggest it as first-line treatment. Half of the improved patients had an underlying upper airway inflammatory condition not related to the infection that caused the acute loss of olfactory function.

Olfactory Training in Post-Traumatic Smell Impairment: Mild Improvement in Threshold Performances: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (22) ◽  
pp. 2641-2652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristóbal Langdon ◽  
Eduardo Lehrer ◽  
Joan Berenguer ◽  
Sara Laxe ◽  
Isam Alobid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Mild Improvement ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Olfactory Training

Olfactory Training Using Heavy and Light Weight Molecule Odors

Perception ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 343-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophia C. Poletti ◽  
Elisabeth Michel ◽  
Thomas Hummel
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Olfactory Dysfunction ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Olfactory Loss ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Olfactory Training

Background Repeated short-term exposure to odors is known to improve olfaction in patients with acquired olfactory dysfunction. The aim was to find out whether differences in molecular weight of odors used for olfactory training influences olfaction. We hypothesized a greater improvement following training with light weight molecule (LWM) odors. Methods A prospective study was performed in patients with posttraumatic (PTOL) and postviral olfactory loss (PVOL). Olfactory training was performed over a period of 5 months. One group ( n = 48) used four odors containing heavy weight molecules (HWM; >150 g/mol) and another ( n = 48) containing LWM (<150 g/mol). Olfaction was tested before and after the training using the Sniffin’ Sticks test. Results Olfactory training was associated with olfactory improvement, with the improvement in PVOL patients being three times greater than that seen in the PTOL group. Compared with LWM training, HWM training was associated with a significantly greater improvement in Phenyl Ethyl Alcohol (PEA) threshold scores in PVOL patients; however, no such improvement could be shown for other subtests or in PTOL patients. Conclusion Overall, training was associated with olfactory improvement. With the exception of threshold scores in PVOL, there were no significant differences between LWM and HWM groups.

Relationship between cognitive impairment and olfactory function among older adults with olfactory impairment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Suzuki ◽  
Masaaki Teranishi ◽  
Naomi Katayama ◽  
Tsutomu Nakashima ◽  
Saiko Sugiura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Olfactory Impairment

scholarly journals Effects of a Game-Based Virtual Reality Video Capture Training Program Plus Occupational Therapy on Manual Dexterity in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Nélida Waliño-Paniagua ◽  
Cristina Gómez-Calero ◽  
María Isabel Jiménez-Trujillo ◽  
Leticia Aguirre-Tejedor ◽  
Alberto Bermejo-Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Manual Dexterity ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Online Web

Neurorehabilitation is a fundamental aspect in the treatment approach for multiple sclerosis (MS), in which new technologies have gained popularity, especially the use of virtual reality (VR). The aim of this paper is to analyze an occupational therapy (OT) intervention compared with OT + VR (OT + VR) on the manual dexterity of patients with MS. 26 MS subjects were initially recruited from an MS patient association and randomized into two groups. The OT group received 20 conventional OT sessions distributed in two sessions per week. The OT + VR group received 20 sessions of VR interventions, twice weekly and lasting 30 minutes, consisting of VR games accessed via the online web pagemotiongamingconsole.com, in addition to the conventional OT sessions. Pre- and postintervention assessments were based on the Purdue Pegboard Test, the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test, and the Grooved Pegboard Test. Clinical improvements were found regarding the precision of movements, the execution times, and the efficiency of certain functional tasks in the Purdue Pegboard Test and Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test tests in the OT + VR group. Although significant differences were not found in the manual dexterity between the OT and OT + VR groups, improvements were found regarding the precision and effectiveness of certain functional tasks.

Lumbar puncture rapidly improves olfaction in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension: A cohort study

Cephalalgia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils J Becker ◽  
Sören Enge ◽  
Katharina Maria Kreutz ◽  
Felix Schmidt ◽  
Lutz Harms ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Lumbar Puncture ◽  
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage ◽  
Olfactory Impairment

Background A lumbar puncture constitutes an important diagnostic procedure in the evaluation of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Chronic overflow of cerebrospinal fluid into the sheaths of the olfactory nerves appears to be related to olfactory impairment in these patients. Here, we asked whether cerebrospinal fluid drainage in idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients improves olfactory function. Methods Fourteen idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients and 14 neurologic control patients were investigated before and after lumbar puncture using the extended Sniffin’ Sticks procedure. We assessed odor threshold, discrimination, and identification. In idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients, cerebrospinal fluid was drained until cerebrospinal fluid pressure had normalized. In addition, a third group of 14 healthy controls participated in the two smell tests at similar intervals. Results Relative to healthy controls, threshold, discrimination, and identification composite scores before lumbar puncture were significantly lower in idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients and also in neurologic controls. Following lumbar puncture, threshold, discrimination, and identification scores for neurologic controls remained unchanged whereas idiopathic intracranial hypertension patients showed robust improvement on the composite score as well as on all three subscores (all changes: p < 0.003), quickly regaining olfactory function in the normal range. Cerebrospinal fluid opening pressure was significantly correlated with improvement in threshold, discrimination, and identification score upon cerebrospinal fluid drainage ( r = 0.609, p = 0.021). Conclusion Olfactory impairment is an important, yet underappreciated, clinical feature of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Lowering of increased intracranial pressure improves hyposmia. Our findings shed new light on the pathophysiology of cerebrospinal fluid circulation in idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Adherence and Efficacy of Olfactory Training as a Treatment for Persistent Olfactory Loss

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Aurélio Fornazieri ◽  
Ellen Cristine Duarte Garcia ◽  
Natália Medeiros Dias Lopes ◽  
Isabela Naomi Iha Miyazawa ◽  
Gislene dos Santos Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Success ◽  
Olfactory Function ◽  
University Of Pennsylvania ◽  
Adherence Rate ◽  
Olfactory Loss ◽  
Emerging Therapies ◽  
Spontaneous Improvement ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
The University ◽  
Olfactory Training

Background Among emerging therapies, olfactory training (OT) has been proposed as a potential treatment for persistent olfactory loss. This treatment has been suggested to improve olfactory function via sensorineural modulation from repeated odor exposure. However, due to the long treatment period that is required, many patients discontinue the treatment or do not follow the treatment regimen appropriately, potentially biasing estimates of treatment success. Moreover, spontaneous improvement is known to occur without any interventions. Objectives We evaluated both the adherence rates and the efficacy of OT in patients with persistent postinfectious, posttraumatic, or idiopathic olfactory loss. Methods Prospective observational study. Twenty-five patients with persistent olfactory loss underwent OT. Protocol adherence and olfactory function (scores on the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test or UPSIT) were assessed 3 and 6 months after the initiation of treatment. A minimum improvement of 5 UPSIT points was considered clinically significant and adherence throughout the study. Results The adherence rate of the patients after 3 months was 88% and after 6 months was 56%. The corresponding percentages of clinical improvement were 23.5% and 25%. There was no relation of age, sex, time of olfactory loss, race, the degree of olfactory loss, etiology, education, and type of training to the adherence rate or treatment efficacy. Conclusions In this patient population, adherence to training remained high in the first 3 months of OT but declined moderately thereafter. The observed prevalence and degree of improvement were similar to that reported a number of studies, including some studies whose patients did not receive OT.

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