scholarly journals A Multicentre Retrospective Cohort Study on Covid-19-related Physical Interventions and Adult Hospital Admissions for ENT Infections

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Quraishi ◽  
Meghna Ray ◽  
rishi srivastava ◽  
Jaydip Ray ◽  
Shahed Quraishi
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Peritonsillar Abscess ◽  
Glandular Fever ◽  
One Year ◽  
Adult Hospital

Objectives: To report changes in adult hospital admission rates for acute ENT infections following the introduction of Covid-19-related physical interventions such as hand washing, use of face mask and social distancing of 2-metres in the United Kingdom. Design: Retrospective cohort study comparing a one-year period after the introduction of Covid-related physical interventions (2020-21) with a one-year period before this (2019-20). Settings: 3 UK secondary care ENT departments Participants: Adult patients admitted with acute tonsillitis, peritonsillar abscess, epiglottitis, glandular fever, peri-orbital cellulitis, acute otitis media, acute mastoiditis, retropharyngeal abscess and parapharyngeal abscess. Main outcome measures: Number of adult hospital admissions Results: In total there were significantly fewer admissions for ENT infections (n=1073, 57.56%, p<0.001; RR 2.36, 95% CI [2.17, 2.56]) in the 2020-2021 period than in the 2019-2020 period. There were significant reductions in admissions for tonsillitis (64.4%; p<0.001), peritonsillar abscess (60.68%; p<0.001), epiglottitis (66.67%; p<0.001), glandular fever (38.79%; p=0.001), acute otitis media (26.85%; p=0.01) and retropharyngeal and/or parapharyngeal abscesses (45.45%; p=0.04) Conclusion: Our study demonstrates a sizeable reduction in adult admissions for ENT infections since the introduction of Covid-19-related physical interventions. There is evidence to support the use of physical interventions in the prevention of viral transmission of respiratory disease. Preventing ENT infections requiring admission through simple physical interventions could be of great benefit to the quality of life of patients and economical benefit to healthcare systems.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a 23-valent Polysaccharide Vaccine in Preventing Pneumonia and Non-invasive Pneumococcal Infection in Elderly People: A Large-scale Retrospective Cohort Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 490-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Ansaldi ◽  
V Turello ◽  
P Lai ◽  
G Bastone ◽  
S De Luca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Polysaccharide Vaccine ◽  
Chronic Obstructive

This retrospective cohort study evaluated the effectiveness of a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in reducing hospital admission for pneumonia, otitis media and exacerbation of asthma or other syndromes due to Streptococcus pneumoniae in 9170 high-risk individuals. Cohort members were followed from 1 January 1998 to 31 December 2002. With regard to preventing hospitalization due to pneumonia, we observed a decrease in the incidence of 1/10 000 person-months and a reduction in the relative risk of 38% in the vaccinated cohort compared with the non-vaccinated subjects. A decrease in the risk of hospital admission for asthma, acute otitis media, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other respiratory infections was also observed in vaccinated compared with non-vaccinated subjects. The specificity of these findings was confirmed by the lack of a protective effect from vaccination for those outcomes, such as hospitalization ‘for all causes’ and ‘other otorhinolaryngological diagnoses’, that were not directly related to pneumococcal disease.

scholarly journals Hospital-based acute care in the last 30 days of life among patients with chronic disease that received early, late or no specialist palliative care: a retrospective cohort study of eight chronic disease groups

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. e044196
Author(s):  
Madalene Earp ◽  
Pin Cai ◽  
Andrew Fong ◽  
Kelly Blacklaws ◽  
Truong-Minh Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Specialist Palliative Care ◽  
Icu Admission

ObjectiveFor eight chronic diseases, evaluate the association of specialist palliative care (PC) exposure and timing with hospital-based acute care in the last 30 days of life.DesignRetrospective cohort study using administrative data.SettingAlberta, Canada between 2007 and 2016.Participants47 169 adults deceased from: (1) cancer, (2) heart disease, (3) dementia, (4) stroke, (5) chronic lower respiratory disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)), (6) liver disease, (7) neurodegenerative disease and (8) renovascular disease.Main outcome measuresThe proportion of decedents who experienced high hospital-based acute care in the last 30 days of life, indicated by ≥two emergency department (ED) visit, ≥two hospital admissions,≥14 days of hospitalisation, any intensive care unit (ICU) admission, or death in hospital. Relative risk (RR) and risk difference (RD) of hospital-based acute care given early specialist PC exposure (≥90 days before death), adjusted for patient characteristics.ResultsIn an analysis of all decedents, early specialist PC exposure was associated with a 32% reduction in risk of any hospital-based acute care as compared with those with no PC exposure (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.71; RD 0.16, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.17). The association was strongest in cancer-specific analyses (RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.55; RD 0.31, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.33) and renal disease-specific analyses (RR 0.60, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.84; RD 0.22, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.34), but a~25% risk reduction was observed for each of heart disease, COPD, neurodegenerative diseases and stroke. Early specialist PC exposure was associated with reducing risk of four out of five individual indicators of high hospital-based acute care in the last 30 days of life, including ≥two ED visit,≥two hospital admission, any ICU admission and death in hospital.ConclusionsEarly specialist PC exposure reduced the risk of hospital-based acute care in the last 30 days of life for all chronic disease groups except dementia.

Diabetes, Drug Treatment and Mortality in COVID-19: A Multinational Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Nyland ◽  
Nazia T. Raja-Khan ◽  
Kerstin Bettermann ◽  
Philippe A. Haouzi ◽  
Douglas L. Leslie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Respiratory Complications ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ◽  
Increased Risk

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at increased risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes possibly due to dysregulated inflammatory responses. Glucose-regulating medications such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, and pioglitazone are known to have anti-inflammatory effects that may improve outcomes in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. In a multinational retrospective cohort study, we used the TriNetX COVID-19 Research Network of 56 large healthcare organizations to examine these medications in relation to the incidence of hospital admissions, respiratory complications, and mortality within 28 days following a COVID-19 diagnosis. After matching for age, sex, race, ethnicity, body mass index, and significant comorbidities, use of GLP-1R agonists and/or pioglitazone was associated with significant reductions in hospital admissions (GLP-1R: 15.7% vs 23.5%; RR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.57-0.79]; <i>P</i> <.001; pioglitazone: 20.0% vs 28.2%; RR, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.54-0.93]; <i>P</i> =.01). Use of GLP-1R agonists was also associated with reductions in respiratory complications (15.3% vs 24.9%; RR, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.52-0.73]; <i>P</i> <.001) and incidence of mortality (1.9% vs 3.3%; RR, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.35-0.97]; <i>P</i> =.04). Use of DPP-4 inhibitors was associated with a reduction in respiratory complications (24.0% vs 29.2%; RR, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.74-0.90]; <i>P</i> <.001), and continued use of DPP-4 inhibitors after hospitalization was associated with a decrease in mortality compared with those who discontinued use (9% vs 19%; RR, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.28-0.72]; <i>P</i> <.001). In conclusion, use of glucose-regulating medications such as GLP-1R agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, or pioglitazone may improve outcomes for COVID-19 patients with T2DM; randomized clinical trials are needed to further investigate this possibility.

scholarly journals Parathyroid hormone change after cinacalcet initiation and one-year clinical outcome risk: a retrospective cohort study

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy L St. Peter ◽  
Akeem A Yusuf ◽  
Thy Do ◽  
Kimberly A Lowe ◽  
Jiannong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
One Year

scholarly journals Cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular hospital admissions associated with atrial fibrillation: a Danish nationwide, retrospective cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. e001800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Benn Christiansen ◽  
Jonas Bjerring Olesen ◽  
Gunnar Gislason ◽  
Morten Lock-Hansen ◽  
Christian Torp-Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Hospital Admissions
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